Numerical Investigation of Storm Surge in Kong Port in the Persian Gulf

Storm surge is generated by the integration of waves, tide and wind setup that is resulted in unwanted mean sea level rise and coastal flooding. The estimation of accurate storm surge is essential for the engineering design of coastal structures. In this study, we estimated the respond of mean sea level winds, tide, waves, and sea-level rise using a local coastal model. A fully coupled hydrodynamic and wave model was implemented to obtain storm surge from different phenomena. The simulations of water level fluctuations due to these parameters were analyzed with the wind forces identified with tidal observations in the Port of Kong. Extreme value analysis was performed to determine the fluctuations associated with different return periods. These data were combined by sea-level rise projections are combined with resulted value. The worst and best scenario of storm surges for each return period were determined for engineering design purposes.

shape of the shores, and determining the wave conditions in coastal zones (determining altitude, period and direction of waves) is essential for estimating the forces exerted by the waves on the coastline. These waves integrate with tide and wind setup and form storm surge which causes coastal flooding in the coastal region.
Kong port is one of the fishery ports in Hormozgan province, located 6

2-Method
In order to determine storm surge in Kong Port, wave characteristics, involving significant wave height, peak wave period and mean wave direction, have been extracted from wave propagation modeling report of Monitoring and Modeling Studies of Hormozgan Province for a point in front of Kong station with a depth of 10m. The investigation, identification, and characterization of waves in shallow and coastal waters of Hormozgan province was part of the Monitoring and Modeling Studies of Hormozgan Province. Prior to conducting this phase of studies, a series of comprehensive studies were conducted to determine the pattern of wind and deep-water waves whose output, deep-water wave information including energy spectrum, altitude, period, and wave direction. In the present study, the deepwater waves obtained from the Monitoring and Modeling Studies of Hormozgan Province project were transmitted to the coasts of by regional models, MIKE21 SW software, a third-generation model capable of using a triangular computing network, was used to transmit the waves.
In these studies, for each modeling range, the validation and in-depth modeling were carried out using information obtained from the measurement stations in the coastal area of Hormozgan province. The results were compared with the results of the ISWM project and the results of the deep-water model. Figure 1 shows the probability and returns period of wave height for each prevailing direction based on optimum distribution. Variations in significant wave height versus peak wave period have been presented in Figure 1.
The Mike21 FM Coupled model is part of the Mike21 series developed at the Danish Hydraulic Institute. This model simulates the resonance, deterioration, and transmission of winds and waves in offshore and coastal areas. This model has two different formulations: • Directional parametric formulation

• Fully spectral formulation
The parametric formulation is based on a parameterization of the wave continuity equation.
The parameterization is performed in the frequency range assuming that the zero and first moments of the wave spectrum are dependent variables (Holthuigsen (1989)). According to Cushen et al. (1994) and Young's hypothesis, the spectral formulation is based on the wave continuity equation, where the wave direction spectrum is a dependent variable. The first formulation is faster than the second formulation but has some limitations. The first formulation does not consider wave growth and deterioration and only transmits the wave. In the second formulation, in addition to wave transmission, wind growth and deterioration due to phenomena such as White Capping are also considered.
In order to simulate the mean sea level variations due to waves, a two-dimensional MIKE21 FM Coupled has been developed. Bathymetry and mesh for Kong port models have been provided in Figure 3.  Table 1 represents the results of the wave setup calculation. As can be seen, the maximum of wave setup for return periods of 50 and 100 years is 17 cm and 23 cm in cross-shore direction, respectively. Wave setup variations across the Kong Port for the return period of 100 years and different directions are shown in Figure 4. As can be seen, the maximum setdown is 2 centimeter and the setup amounts are negligible for the depths higher than 3m.
The wave setup suddenly increases for the depth lower than 3m.   Table 2 and Table 3, respectively.   In order to determine wind setup and setdown, water level variations have been extracted from wind-induced water level variations modeling for a point in front of Kong station with a depth of 10m. Figure 7 shows the time series of water level variations for this point. The probability and return period of water level variations based on Weibull distribution has been presented in Figure 8. Also, Table 4 represents the final results of wind setup and setdown calculation.    Table 8 represents the worst and the best scenario for storm surge in Kong Port for different return Periods.

4-Conclusions
In order to estimate storm surge in Kong Port, comprehensive and exhaustive studies of wave propagation and tidal levels modeling are performed. Considering more importance of Kong in fishery activities in the Persian Gulf, setup and setdown estimation have been performed in this position.
Wave Setup and setdown due to wave, tide, wind for the return period of 2 to 100 years were calculated for the worst and best scenarios. A comparison between results shows that the maximum wave set up in this region for a 100-year period is 0.20m and the maximum amount of wind setup for the same period is 0.76m in Kong Port. Based on IPCC sea-level projection data, in the worst scenario a 4.55m storm surge, relative to lowest mean sea level, will be observed in a 100-year period in Kong Port. In the best scenario, the maximum storm surge in the same period will be 3.86. Based on the structure importance the suitable value for storm surge should be used between the range presented in Table 8.