
@article{paruchuri_passive_2019,
	title = {Passive piezoelectric subordinate oscillator arrays},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0964-1726},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1361-665x%2Fab2f5a},
	doi = {10.1088/1361-665X/ab2f5a},
	abstract = {Subordinate oscillator arrays (SOAs) attached to a host structure have been shown to achieve flat attenuation of the frequency response over a band around a target natural frequency of the host. Due to their sensitivity to disorders that can arise from sources such as fabrication errors, as well as uncertainties in their structural properties or that of the host, SOAs can be challenging to implement in some applications. To overcome this shortcoming, piezoelectric subordinate oscillator arrays (PSOAs) are studied in this paper. This paper models PSOAs using variational principles to facilitate the analysis and development of design strategies. A closed-form expression for the frequency response function of the host structure is then used to design the PSOAs with and without uncertainties. This paper shows that the flat attenuation over a frequency band around a harmonic of the host can be achieved by assigning a distribution to the mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical properties of the PSOAs. For instance, it is shown that choosing a distribution of capacitive shunt circuits can achieve essentially the same qualitatively flat attenuation as that of classical SOAs. In this sense, the approach in this paper generalizes the results attained for conventional SOAs. Finally, the paper investigates the robustness of PSOAs, that is, their relative insensitivity to types of uncertainties. It is shown that PSOAs afford the chance to ameliorate some types of sensitivities that prove problematic for SOAs that are purely mechanical in nature. The notion of performance recovery is introduced; this measure quantifies how much attenuation loss due to uncertainty in an initial SOA or PSOA design can be recovered by modification of the electrical properties alone.},
	language = {en},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2019-11-12},
	journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
	author = {Paruchuri, Sai Tej and Sterling, John and Malladi, Vijaya V. N. Sriram and Kurdila, Andrew and Vignola, Joseph and Tarazaga, Pablo},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {085046}
}
@article{lang_pyroelectricity_2005,
	title = {Pyroelectricity: {From} {Ancient} {Curiosity} to {Modern} {Imaging} {Tool}},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {0031-9228},
	shorttitle = {Pyroelectricity},
	url = {https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2062916},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2062916},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	journal = {Physics Today},
	author = {Lang, Sidney B.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {31--36},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\JE8R3ARM\\Lang - 2005 - Pyroelectricity From Ancient Curiosity to Modern .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\UQPT85F5\\1.html:text/html}
}
@article{mencik_dynamics_2002,
	title = {On the dynamics of fuzzy structures},
	volume = {111},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {https://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.4778193},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4778193},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Mencik, JeanâMathieu and Berry, Alain},
	month = may,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {2404--2404},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\F4GN5R2C\\1.html:text/html}
}
@inproceedings{massa_fuzzy_2011,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	series = {{IUTAM} {Bookseries}},
	title = {Fuzzy vibration analysis and optimization of engineering structures: {Application} to {Demeter} satellite},
	isbn = {978-94-007-0289-9},
	shorttitle = {Fuzzy vibration analysis and optimization of engineering structures},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-0289-9_5},
	abstract = {The objective of this paper is to highlight that the fuzzy approaches can be employed in a design phase in order to build a robust engineering structure. An optimization problem, in which design variables, constraints and objectives functions are considered as fuzzy, is defined. To determine the optimized feasible design space, a specific methodology, based on genetic algorithms, is proposed.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {{IUTAM} {Symposium} on the {Vibration} {Analysis} of {Structures} with {Uncertainties}},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	author = {Massa, F. and Leroux, A. and Lallemand, B. and Tison, T. and Buffe, F. and Mary, S.},
	editor = {Belyaev, Alexander K. and Langley, Robin S.},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Design Variable, Fuzzy Number, Lower Wall, Membership Function, Multiobjective Optimization},
	pages = {57--69}
}
@article{hunt_stress_1960,
	title = {Stress and {Strain} {Limits} on the {Attainable} {Velocity} in {Mechanical} {Vibration}},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.1908363},
	doi = {10.1121/1.1908363},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Hunt, F. V.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1960},
	pages = {1123--1128},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\HCGMTBEN\\1.html:text/html}
}
@inproceedings{irvine_shock_2013,
	title = {{SHOCK} {AND} {VIBRATION} {STRESS} {AS} {A} {FUNCTION} {OF} {VELOCITY} {Revision} {G}},
	author = {Irvine, Tom},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Belief revision, Shock},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\FU9QN6RD\\Irvine - 2013 - SHOCK AND VIBRATION STRESS AS A FUNCTION OF VELOCI.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@article{munguia_fatigue_2014,
	title = {Fatigue behaviour of laser-sintered {PA}12 specimens under four-point rotating bending},
	url = {https://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/209160},
	doi = {10.1108/RPJ-07-2012-0064},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	journal = {Rapid Prototyping Journal},
	author = {Munguia, J. and Dalgarno, K.},
	year = {2014},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\9TSCPQII\\209160.html:text/html}
}

@misc{ASM_handbook_1,
	title = {{ASM} {Handbook}, {Volume} 1: {Properties} and {Selection}: {Irons}, {Steels}, and {High}-{Performance} {Alloys} - {ASM} {International}},
	url = {https://www.asminternational.org/home/-/journal_content/56/10192/06181G/PUBLICATION},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	file = {ASM Handbook, Volume 1\: Properties and Selection\: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys - ASM International:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\I7QQ7J2W\\PUBLICATION.html:text/html}
}
@article{van_hooreweder_difference_2013,
	title = {On the difference in material structure and fatigue properties of nylon specimens produced by injection molding and selective laser sintering},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0142-9418},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941813001001},
	doi = {10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.04.014},
	abstract = {This paper describes the influence of dynamic tension/compression loading on notched and unnotched nylon specimens fabricated by Injection Molding (IM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). The main objective of this work is to analyze and describe the differences in material structure and fatigue properties of as-built nylon parts produced by IM and SLM from the same polyamide 12 powder. The differences in dimensional quality, density, surface roughness, crystal structure and crystallinity are systematically measured and linked to the mechanical fatigue properties. The fatigue properties of the unnotched SLS specimens are found to be equal to those of the unnotched IM specimens. The presence of pores in the sintered samples does not lead to rapid failure, and the microvoid coalescence failure mechanism is delayed. The notched specimens show more brittle failure and increased fatigue resistance which is caused by local notch-strengthening. The results enable improved understanding of the difference in material structure and fatigue behavior of selective laser sintered and injection molded polyamide.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	journal = {Polymer Testing},
	author = {Van Hooreweder, Brecht and Moens, David and Boonen, Rene and Kruth, Jean-Pierre and Sas, Paul},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Fatigue behavior, Injection molding, Microstructure, Polyamide 12, Selective laser sintering},
	pages = {972--981},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\INC4ZPY3\\S0142941813001001.html:text/html}
}

@article{ziemian_characterization_2016,
	title = {Characterization of stiffness degradation caused by fatigue damage of additive manufactured parts},
	volume = {109},
	journal = {Materials \& Design},
	author = {Ziemian, Constance W. and Ziemian, Ronald D. and Haile, Kellen V.},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {209--218},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\W4CCZLIP\\S0264127516309789.html:text/html}
}
@article{van_hooreweder_microstructural_2010,
	title = {Microstructural characterization of {SLS}-{PA}12 specimens under dynamic tension/compression excitation},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {0142-9418},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941809002086},
	doi = {10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.12.006},
	abstract = {This paper describes the effect of dynamic tension/compression loading on selective laser sintered components in polyamide. To gain more insight in the fatigue phenomena, both thermal and microstructural studies were performed on the fracture surfaces of the test specimens. The presented micrographs, DSC curves, hysteresis loops and S/N-line facilitate an improved understanding of the fatigue properties of selective laser sintered materials, polyamide in particular. The results show that crack initiation starts from inclusions in the material caused by unfused powder particles. The inclusions give rise to the formation of semi-spherical depressions with raised edges. Ductile fatigue striations were noted on the sides of these depressions indicating the irreversible plastic deformation dominated by shear stress, which is typical for fatigue failure. Consequently, microstructural analysis indicates that the material density is a crucial factor influencing the fatigue life of SLS-PA12 components. The lower the density, the more unfused powder particles and the higher the chance of crack initiation.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	journal = {Polymer Testing},
	author = {Van Hooreweder, B. and De Coninck, F. and Moens, D. and Boonen, R. and Sas, P.},
	month = may,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Dynamic excitation, Microstructural characterization, Selective laser sintering},
	pages = {319--326},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\GESUYI5T\\S0142941809002086.html:text/html}
}

@article{zhao_design_2018,
	series = {In {Honor} of {Professor} {James} {S}. {Lai}},
	title = {Design method for piezoelectric cantilever beam structure under low frequency condition},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1996-6814},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1996681416301912},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.08.001},
	abstract = {In this study, to obtain the optimum design of piezoelectric cantilever beam under a low frequency condition, piezoelectric cantilever beams are designed based on finite element method with the validation of laboratory experiments. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to calculated the relationship between the dimension and the natural frequencies of the piezoelectric cantilever beam. Two piezoelectric cantilever beams are designed using both theoretical analysis and simulation results. Results show that the natural frequencies of the two kinds of piezoelectric cantilever beam are 9.77Hz and 10.02Hz, respectively. Laboratory experiments of the two piezoelectric cantilever beam show that the natural frequencies are 8.79Hz and 8.83Hz, respectively, with the peak voltage of 42.6V and 57.0V, and the average power of 1.04mW and 1.97mW. The good agreement on natural frequencies between numerical analysis and laboratory experiments demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed design method.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2019-05-09},
	journal = {International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology},
	author = {Zhao, Qian and Liu, Yinan and Wang, Linbing and Yang, Hailu and Cao, Dongwei},
	month = mar,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {ANSYS, Bridge, Natural frequency, Piezoelectric cantilever},
	pages = {153--159},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\LKQXITWG\\Zhao et al. - 2018 - Design method for piezoelectric cantilever beam st.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\WJZHRTI8\\S1996681416301912.html:text/html}
}

@article{vignola_shaping_2009,
	title = {Shaping of a systemÃ¢ÂÂs frequency response using an array of subordinate oscillators},
	volume = {126},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.3143783},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3143783},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-06-22},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Vignola, Joseph F. and Judge, John A. and Kurdila, Andrew J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {129--139},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\T5SIAB6G\\vignola_jasa_2009.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\99UIMIZV\\Vignola et al. - 2009 - Shaping of a systemÃ¢ÂÂs frequency response using an .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\N2YHW5BU\\1.html:text/html;Vignola et al. - 2009 - Shaping of a system's frequency response using an .pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\N2U3BUCD\\Vignola et al. - 2009 - Shaping of a system's frequency response using an .pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{spencer_b._f._state_2003,
	title = {State of the {Art} of {Structural} {Control}},
	volume = {129},
	url = {https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:7(845)},
	doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:7(845)},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2018-06-08},
	journal = {Journal of Structural Engineering},
	author = {{Spencer B. F.} and {Nagarajaiah S.}},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
	pages = {845--856},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\IB38JRIF\\(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)1297(845).html:text/html;Spencer and Nagarajaiah - 2003 - State of the Art of Structural Control.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\33BEC4A9\\Spencer and Nagarajaiah - 2003 - State of the Art of Structural Control.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{mishra_structural_nodate,
	title = {{STRUCTURAL} {ENGINEERING}},
	language = {en},
	author = {MISHRA, RASHMI},
	pages = {94},
	file = {MISHRA - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\VLJS5BBC\\MISHRA - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{badave_overview_2014,
	title = {An {Overview} of {Design}, {Behavior} and {Applications} of {Tuned} {Mass} {Vibration} {Absorber}},
	volume = {1},
	abstract = {The tuned mass vibration absorber (TMVA) has been used for vibration control purposes in many sectors of mechanical/civil/automotive/aerospace engineering. A TMVA in its most generic form is a secondary system whose parameters can be tuned to suppress the vibration of a primary system. The secondary system is commonly a spring-mass-damper system and the TMVA suppresses the vibration at its point of attachment to the primary system. It is observed that by minor modification integrates very accurate results. It can be obtained for the variance of the response to excitation. It is found that the design can be based on the frequency tuning, leading to equal damping ratio and an accurate explicit approximation is found for the optimal damping parameter of the absorber and the resulting damping ratio for the response. In this paper the approach is discussed to the design of a TMVA, and a numerical procedure is elaborated to determine the optimum amount of damping. This paper presents an overview of literature related to the design, applications and behavior of Tuned Mass Vibration Absorber.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	author = {Badave, Ashish and Deshmukh, Vijaysinh and Kulkarni, Sudhir and Kokane, Sarang and Aradhye, Atul},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {5},
	file = {Badave et al. - 2014 - An Overview of Design, Behavior and Applications o.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\8PHHTU4X\\Badave et al. - 2014 - An Overview of Design, Behavior and Applications o.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{alemany_automatic_1995,
	title = {Automatic determination of complex constants of piezoelectric lossy materials in the radial mode},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0022-3727},
	url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0022-3727/28/i=5/a=017},
	doi = {10.1088/0022-3727/28/5/017},
	abstract = {An iterative automatic method is described for the characterization of lossy piezoelectric materials in the radial resonance mode based on the use of the more general expression for the complex admittance. From the experimental data of Y at four adequately selected frequencies, the constants of the material are determined with the necessary accuracy to reproduce the piezoelectric behaviour of the sample around resonance. The IEEE-176 Standard procedure has been automatized for the initial estimation of the real parts of the elastic constants. The method is applicable even to those materials in which said standard does not allow one to determine the piezoelectric constants.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2018-06-15},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	author = {Alemany, C. and Gonzalez, A. M. and Pardo, L. and Jimenez, B. and Carmona, F. and Mendiola, J.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {945}
}

@misc{noauthor_programma_nodate,
	title = {Programma stage di ginnastica artistica {\textbar} {Associazione} {Ginnastica} {Giovanile} {Ancona} Ã¢ÂÂ {A}.{S}.{D}.},
	url = {http://www.ginnasticagiovanileancona.it/?p=2059},
	language = {it-IT},
	urldate = {2018-06-13},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\HE62E7XK\\www.ginnasticagiovanileancona.it.html:text/html}
}

@article{shi_modal_2012,
	title = {Modal identification of {Shanghai} {World} {Financial} {Center} both from free and ambient vibration response},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {01410296},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141029611004718},
	doi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.025},
	abstract = {The Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC), a currently built super high-rise building, is located in Lujiazui area. The height of this 101-storey building is 492 m above ground. A set of dynamic Ã¯Â¬Âeld tests were conducted on the building from April to May 2008. To identify the dynamic properties of the building, three output-only modal identiÃ¯Â¬Âcation techniques are applied to the ambient and forced vibration measurements. These methods consist of: the Peak-Picking method (PP) combined with the half-power bandwidth method, the Random Decrement based method (RDT) combined with curve-Ã¯Â¬Âtting method, and the HilbertÃ¢ÂÂHuang transform method (HHT). The fundamental frequencies and damping ratios in two translational directions are identiÃ¯Â¬Âed from the free decays of forced vibration tests. The estimated eleven modal frequencies and damping ratios under microtremors from the Peaking-Picking method and the HilbertÃ¢ÂÂHuang transform method are compared to each other with favorable correlation. The modal frequencies from the Ã¯Â¬Ânite element analysis and the shaking table test are further studied with the results of Ã¯Â¬Âeld test. The effect of the installed Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) on the damping characteristics of the building is presented. Based on the identiÃ¯Â¬Âed results, accuracy and efÃ¯Â¬Âciency of these methods are investigated with the length of Fast-Fourier Transform and the effect of RDT. The modal properties of the SWFC presented in this paper can be used as baseline in future health monitoring. ÃÂ 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-06-12},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	author = {Shi, Weixing and Shan, Jiazeng and Lu, Xilin},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {14--26},
	file = {Shi et al. - 2012 - Modal identification of Shanghai World Financial C.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\RJ56H2VU\\Shi et al. - 2012 - Modal identification of Shanghai World Financial C.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{xu_effect_1992,
	title = {The effect of tuned mass dampers and liquid dampers on cross-wind response of tall/slender structures},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {0167-6105},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016761059290519G},
	doi = {10.1016/0167-6105(92)90519-G},
	abstract = {An investigation is made of the possible application of tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) and tuned liquid column/mass dampers (TLCMD) in reducing the cross-wind response of wind-sensitive structures. The structure is modelled as a lumped mass multi-degree-freedom system taking into account both bending and shear. The cross-wind wake excitation is modelled as a stochastic process which is stationary in time and non-homogeneous in space. A random vibration analysis utilising transfer matrix formulation is carried out to obtain response statistics. The nonlinear damping term in the fundamental equation of the tuned liquid damper is treated by an equivalent linearization technique. Numerical examples show that tuned liquid dampers, which have significant practical advantages, can achieve the same motion reduction level as the traditional tuned mass dampers if the parameters of the liquid dampers are properly selected. However, excessive liquid motion in a tuned liquid column/mass damper may reduce the effectiveness of this damper and therefore a careful selection of the frequency tuning ratios of the damper is necessary.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-06-08},
	journal = {Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics},
	author = {Xu, Y. L. and Kwok, K. C. S. and Samali, B.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1992},
	pages = {33--54},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\UL335AHL\\016761059290519G.html:text/html}
}

@article{jabary_tuned_2015,
	title = {Tuned mass damper effects on the response of multi-storied structures observed in geotechnical centrifuge tests},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {02677261},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0267726115001694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.06.013},
	abstract = {Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are widely used to reduce vibrations in structures. However, very little research is available on the experimental investigation of TMDs and their performance in soil-structure systems. In this paper, a series of geotechnical centrifuge tests was conducted to investigate the effects of TMDs on the response of a multiple-storey sway frame structure undergoing dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI). Structural responses were recorded for a wide range of input motion characteristics, damper conÃ¯Â¬Âgurations and soil proÃ¯Â¬Âles. The practicality associated with the use of TMDs in the damping of resonant structures in light of unexpected earthquake characteristics different from design earthquakes was experimentally demonstrated. Tuning a TMD to soil-structure system properties rather than Ã¯Â¬Âxed-base structural properties was found to double the improvement in damping and reduce the original peak response by nearly half. The potential effectiveness of a de-tuned mass damper in light of signiÃ¯Â¬Âcant SSI was also demonstrated.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-06-08},
	journal = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Jabary, R.N. and Madabhushi, S.P.G.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {373--380},
	file = {Jabary and Madabhushi - 2015 - Tuned mass damper effects on the response of multi.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\FBADHECN\\Jabary and Madabhushi - 2015 - Tuned mass damper effects on the response of multi.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{li_performance_nodate,
	title = {Performance of multiple tuned mass dampers for attenuating undesirable oscillations of structures under the ground acceleration},
	volume = {29},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 2000 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1096-9845%28200009%2929%3A9%3C1405%3A%3AAID-EQE976%3E3.0.CO%3B2-4},
	doi = {10.1002/1096-9845(200009)29:9<1405::AID-EQE976>3.0.CO;2-4},
	abstract = {Multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) consisting of many tuned mass dampers (TMDs) with a uniform distribution of natural frequencies are considered for attenuating undesirable vibration of a structure. The MTMD is manufactured by keeping the stiffness and damping constant and varying the mass. The structure is represented by its mode-generalized system in the specific vibration mode being controlled using the mode reduced-order method. The optimum parameters of the MTMD are investigated to delineate the influence of the important parameters on the effectiveness and robustness of the MTMD by conducting a numerical searching technique in two directions. The parameters include: the frequency spacing, average damping ratio, mass ratio and total number. The criterion selected for the optimization is the minimization of the maximum value of the dynamic magnification factor (DMF) of the structure with MTMD (i.e. Min.Max.DMF). In this paper, for the sake of comparison, the MTMD(II), which is made by keeping the mass constant and varying the stiffness and damping coefficient, and a single TMD are also taken into account. It is demonstrated that the optimum frequency spacing of the MTMD is the same as that of the MTMD(II) and the optimum average damping ratio of the MTMD is a little larger than that of the MTMD(II). It is also found that the optimum MTMD is more effective than the optimum MTMD(II) and the optimum single TMD with equal mass. Copyright ÃÂ© 2000 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2018-06-08},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {Li, Chunxiang},
	keywords = {ground acceleration, Min.Max.DMF, MTMD, MTMD(II), optimum parameters},
	pages = {1405--1421},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\GUCVA25R\\1096-9845(200009)2991405AID-EQE9763.0.html:text/html}
}

@article{mohebbi_designing_2013,
	title = {Designing optimal multiple tuned mass dampers using genetic algorithms ({GAs}) for mitigating the seismic response of structures},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1077-5463},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546311434520},
	doi = {10.1177/1077546311434520},
	abstract = {In this paper an effective method has been proposed for designing optimal multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) to mitigate the seismic response of structures based on defining an optimization problem which considers the parameters of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) as variables and minimization of maximum structural response as an objective function while a number of constraints have been applied on TMDs response and parameters. The genetic algorithm (GA) has been used successfully for solving the optimization problem. For illustration, for a ten-story linear shear frame subjected to a filtered white noise excitation optimal MTMDs have been designed. The results have shown the simplicity and convergence behavior of the method. It has also been concluded that the performance of MTMDs depends on TMDs mass ratio, TMDs configuration and design criteria where increasing the TMDs mass ratio has improved monotonously the performance of MTMDs especially for the domain of smaller values of the mass ratio, while for this case study the number of TMDs has not been more effective. Testing the optimal MTMDs under near-field and far-field earthquakes shows that the performance of MTMDs has been influenced by input excitation. The capability of the method in considering the effect of higher modes has been shown.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-06-08},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Control},
	author = {Mohebbi, Mohtasham and Shakeri, Kazem and Ghanbarpour, Yavar and Majzoub, Hossein},
	month = mar,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {605--625}
}

@article{kaynia_seismic_1981,
	title = {Seismic {Effectiveness} of {Tuned} {Mass} {Dampers}},
	volume = {107},
	url = {http://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0010359},
	abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}Time history analysis of 1DOF systems with and without a tuned mass damper, subjected to a set of historical earthquakes, shows that the peak response ratio (ratio between the peak responses with and without damper) depends primarily on damping constants and on earthquake duration. The same analysis reveals that response ratio values are widely scattered and that the mean response ratio in underestimated by conventional stationary random vibration calculations. Improvement is obtained by considering response movement and broadening of the response spectral density function caused by the damper. Based on these considerations, a probabilistic model is developed that gives the distribution of peak response of buildings modified by addition of a tuned mass damper in terms of the same distribution for the unmodified structures. For elastic systems tuned mass dampers have small antiseismic effectiveness.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2018-06-08},
	journal = {Journal of the Structural Division},
	author = {Kaynia, Amir M. and Biggs, John M. and Veneziano, Daniele},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {1465--1484},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\YWEG4DFB\\record.html:text/html}
}

@article{chang_structural_1980,
	title = {Structural {Control} {Using} {Active} {Tuned} {Mass} {Dampers}},
	volume = {106},
	url = {http://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0009890},
	abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}Passive tuned mass dampers (TMD) are being using for motion control of tall buildings. The possibility of enhancing TMD effectiveness in structural with added active control capability is studied in this paper. The problem of structural control using active TMD is fromulated using classical feedback control theory. Using simple numerical examples, it is shown that an addition of active control forces to TMD systems can lead to significant improvement in displacement and acceleration reductions. Furthermore, TMD stroke requirement can also be significantly reduced with added active control element.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2018-06-04},
	journal = {Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division},
	author = {Chang, James C. H. and Soong, Tsu T.},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {1091--1098},
	file = {Chang and Soong - 1980 - Structural Control Using Active Tuned Mass Dampers.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\59P9HHQU\\Chang and Soong - 1980 - Structural Control Using Active Tuned Mass Dampers.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\6YAS3MND\\record.html:text/html}
}

@article{lesieutre_damping_2004,
	title = {Damping as a result of piezoelectric energy harvesting},
	volume = {269},
	issn = {0022460X},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022460X03002104},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00210-4},
	language = {en},
	number = {3-5},
	urldate = {2015-10-16},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Lesieutre, G.A and Ottman, G.K and Hofmann, H.F},
	month = jan,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {991--1001},
	file = {Damping-as-a-result-of-piezoelectric-energy-harvesting_2004_Journal-of-Sound-and-Vibration.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\2HCBI42S\\Damping-as-a-result-of-piezoelectric-energy-harvesting_2004_Journal-of-Sound-and-Vibration.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{williams_adaptive-passive_2002,
	title = {{ADAPTIVE}-{PASSIVE} {ABSORBERS} {USING} {SHAPE}-{MEMORY} {ALLOYS}},
	volume = {249},
	issn = {0022460X},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022460X00934965},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.2000.3496},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2015-10-16},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Williams, K. and Chiu, G. and Bernhard, R.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {835--848},
	file = {ADAPTIVE-PASSIVE-ABSORBERS-USING-SHAPE-MEMORY-ALLOYS_2002_Journal-of-Sound-and-Vibration.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\4J4FMPBS\\ADAPTIVE-PASSIVE-ABSORBERS-USING-SHAPE-MEMORY-ALLOYS_2002_Journal-of-Sound-and-Vibration.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{davis_modal_1995,
	title = {A modal strain energy approach to the prediction of resistively shunted piezoceramic damping},
	volume = {184},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X85703082},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2015-10-16},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Davis, C. L. and Lesieutre, G. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {129--139},
	file = {A-modal-strain-energy-approach-to-the-prediction-of-resistively-shunted-piezoceramic-damping_1995_Journal-of-Sound-and-Vibration.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\DZWB55AW\\A-modal-strain-energy-approach-to-the-prediction-of-resistively-shunted-piezoceramic-damping_1995_Journal-of-Sound-and-Vibration.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@phdthesis{kim_design_2012,
	type = {Ph. {D}.},
	title = {Design and {Analysis} of {Switching} {Circuits} for {Energy} {Harvesting} in {Piezostrutures}},
	abstract = {This study deals with a general method for the analysis of a semi-active control technique for a fast-shunt switching system. The benefit of the semi-active system is the reduction in power consumption, which is a significant disadvantage of a fully active system compared with a passive system. A semi-active system under consideration is a semi-actively shunted piezoelectric system, which converts the strain energy into electrical energy through strong electromechanical coupling achieved though the piezoelectric phenomenon. Our proposed semi-active approach combines a PZT-based energy harvesting with a fast switching system driven by a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) signal. The fast switching system enables continuous adaptation of vibration energy control/harvesting by varying the PWM duty cycle. This contrasts with a conventional capacitance switching system that can only change the capacitance at discrete values.

The analysis of the current piezoelectric system combined with a fast-switching system poses a considerable challenge as it contains both continuous and discrete characteristics. The study proposes an enhanced averaging method for analyzing the piecewise linear system. The simulation of the averaged system is much faster than that of the timevarying system. Moreover, the analysis derives error bounds that characterize
convergence in the time domain of the averaged system to the original system. The dissertation begins with the derivation of the equations governing the physics of a piezostructure combined with an electrical switching shunt network. The results of the averaging analysis and numerical simulation are presented in order to provide a basis for estimating the structural responses that range between open- and short-circuit conditions which constitutes two limiting conditions. An experimental study demonstrates that the capacitive shunt bimorph piezostructure coupled with a single switch can be adjusted continuously by varying the PWM duty cycle. And the behavior of such hybrid system can be well predicted by the averaging analysis},
	school = {Virginia Tech},
	author = {Kim, Woon Kyung},
	month = aug,
	year = {2012},
	file = {woon_kim_2012.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\3WDP3PU6\\woon_kim_2012.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{erickson_dc-dc_nodate,
	title = {{DC}-{DC} {Power} {Converters}},
	journal = {Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering},
	author = {Erickson, Robert W.},
	file = {Encyc.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CZ27JNKX\\Encyc.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{york_experimental_2008,
	title = {Experimental characterization and modeling of electro-mechanically coupled ferroelectric actuators},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uRjHnLyUI1YC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=%22is+still+alive%22+%22and+thank+Mad+City+Labs+for+providing+the+translation+stage%22+%22of+studying.+I+could+not+have+done+this+without%22+%22General+Piezoelectric+Overview+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.%22+&ots=8JXFXvahIV&sig=WKtVxyu9Rp5eQgitJvINu1-oO9E},
	urldate = {2015-07-28},
	publisher = {ProQuest},
	author = {York, Alexander},
	year = {2008},
	file = {etd.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\4DB5ZB3G\\etd.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{lagarias_convergence_1998,
	title = {Convergence {Properties} of the {Nelder}-{Mead} {Simplex} {Method} in {Low} {Dimensions}},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1052-6234, 1095-7189},
	doi = {10.1137/S1052623496303470},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-26},
	journal = {SIAM Journal on Optimization},
	author = {Lagarias, Jeffrey C. and Reeds, James A. and Wright, Margaret H. and Wright, Paul E.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1998},
	pages = {112--147},
	file = {Convergence Properties of the Nelder--Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions\: SIAM Journal on Optimization\: Vol. 9, No. 1 (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\WCBJVPPU\\s1052623496303470.html:text/html}
}

@article{nelder_simplex_1965,
	title = {A {Simplex} {Method} for {Function} {Minimization}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {0010-4620, 1460-2067},
	url = {http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/308},
	doi = {10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308},
	abstract = {A method is described for the minimization of a function of n variables, which depends on the comparison of function values at the (n + 1) vertices of a general simplex, followed by the replacement of the vertex with the highest value by another point. The simplex adapts itself to the local landscape, and contracts on to the final minimum. The method is shown to be effective and computationally compact. A procedure is given for the estimation of the Hessian matrix in the neighbourhood of the minimum, needed in statistical estimation problems.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-03-19},
	journal = {The Computer Journal},
	author = {Nelder, J. A. and Mead, R.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1965},
	pages = {308--313},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\PEQD3553\\Nelder and Mead - 1965 - A Simplex Method for Function Minimization.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\PJES78PU\\308.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{zou_micro-electro-mechanical_2012,
	title = {Micro-electro-mechanical resonant tilt sensor},
	doi = {10.1109/FCS.2012.6243702},
	abstract = {This paper reports a micro-electro-mechanical tilt sensor based on resonant sensing principles. The tilt sensor measures orientation by sensing the component of gravitational acceleration along a specified input axis. Design aspects of the tilt sensor are first introduced and a design trade-off between sensitivity, resolution and robustness is addressed. A prototype sensor is microfabricated in a foundry process. The sensor is characterized to validate predictive analytical and FEA models of performance. The prototype is tested over tilt angles ranging over ÃÂ±90 degrees and the linearity of the sensor is found to be better than 1.4\% over the tilt angle range of ÃÂ±20ÃÂ°. The noise-limited resolution of the sensor is found to be approximately 0.00026 degrees for an integration time of 0.6 seconds.},
	booktitle = {Frequency {Control} {Symposium} ({FCS}), 2012 {IEEE} {International}},
	author = {Zou, X. and Thiruvenkatanathan, P. and Seshia, A.A.},
	month = may,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {acceleration, design aspect, FEA model, finite element analysis, foundry process, gravitational acceleration, microelectromechanical resonant tilt sensor, microfabrication, microsensors, noise-limited resolution, oscillators, Prototypes, Resonant frequency, resonant sensing principle, Robot sensing systems, Robustness, Sensitivity, sensor linearity},
	pages = {1--4},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ARXK2FSQ\\articleDetails.html:text/html}
}

@article{bandivadekar_optimization_2012,
	title = {Optimization of multiple tuned mass dampers for vibration control of system under external excitation},
	issn = {1077-5463, 1741-2986},
	url = {http://jvc.sagepub.com.proxycu.wrlc.org/content/early/2012/07/05/1077546312449849},
	doi = {10.1177/1077546312449849},
	abstract = {Using a numerical searching technique the optimum parameters of multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) for suppressing the dynamic response of a damped main system subjected to external excitation are investigated. The criteria selected for the optimality is the minimization of the steady-state displacement of the main system under external harmonic excitation. The parameters of the MTMD that are optimized include: the damping ratio, the tuning frequency ratio and the frequency band-width. The optimum parameters of the MTMD system and corresponding steady-state displacement are obtained for different damping ratios of the main system and the mass ratios of the MTMD system. The explicit formulae for the optimum parameters of MTMD (i.e. damping ratio, band-width and tuning frequency) are then derived using a curve-fitting scheme that can readily be used for engineering applications. The error in the proposed explicit expressions is investigated and found to be quite negligible. The effectiveness of optimally designed MTMD system is also compared with that of the optimum single tuned mass damper and it is observed that the optimally designed MTMD system is found to be more effective for vibration control than the single tuned mass damper. Further, the damping in the main system significantly influences the optimum parameters and the effectiveness of the MTMD system. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of optimally designed MTMD system to study its performance under uncertainty in the parameter is also carried out.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2013-03-15},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Control},
	author = {Bandivadekar, T. P. and Jangid, R. S.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\3FG952Z7\\Bandivadekar and Jangid - 2012 - Optimization of multiple tuned mass dampers for vi.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CFCZVCJC\\1077546312449849.html:text/html}
}

@book{barron_industrial_2002,
	title = {Industrial {Noise} {Control} and {Acoustics}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-91008-5},
	abstract = {Compiling strategies from more than 30 years of experience, this book provides numerous case studies that illustrate the implementation of noise control applications, as well as solutions to common dilemmas encountered in noise reduction processes. It offers methods for predicting the noise generation level of common systems such as fans, motors, compressors, and cooling towers, selecting the appropriate equipment to monitor sound properties, assessing the severity of environmental noise, modifying the sources, transmission paths, and receivers of sound, estimating sound pressure levels, designing mufflers, silencers, barriers, and enclosures, and isolating machine vibration.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Barron, Randall F.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Industrial Design / General, Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Technology \& Engineering / Quality Control}
}

@book{gurney_introduction_1997,
	title = {An {Introduction} to {Neural} {Networks}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-45151-9},
	abstract = {Though mathematical ideas underpin the study of neural networks, the author presents the fundamentals without the full mathematical apparatus. All aspects of the field are tackled, including artificial neurons as models of their real counterparts; the geometry of network action in pattern space; gradient descent methods, including back-propagation; associative memory and Hopfield nets; and self-organization and feature maps. The traditionally difficult topic of adaptive resonance theory is clarified within a hierarchical description of its operation. The book also includes several real-world examples to provide a concrete focus. This should enhance its appeal to those involved in the design, construction and management of networks in commercial environments and who wish to improve their understanding of network simulator packages. As a comprehensive and highly accessible introduction to one of the most important topics in cognitive and computer science, this volume should interest a wide range of readers, both students and professionals, in cognitive science, psychology, computer science and electrical engineering.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Gurney, Kevin},
	month = aug,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Computers / Operating Systems / General, Computers / Software Development \& Engineering / Systems Analysis \& Design, Technology \& Engineering / Automation}
}

@article{thompson_optimum_1981,
	title = {Optimum tuning and damping of a dynamic vibration absorber applied to a force excited and damped primary system},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X81801769},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-460X(81)80176-9},
	abstract = {The frequency locus method is summarized and then applied to the optimization of the spring and damper rates for a dynamic vibration absorber. The primary system to which the vibration absorber is attached consists of a force-excited sprung mass with associated viscous damping. The construction of the frequency loci for the overall system leads to the determination of graphical criteria for the optimization, and thence to the discovery of a tuning function which enables the optimal natural frequency for the absorber to be determined. The tuning function can be minimized by numerical methods and the solutions, which depend only on the mass ratio (ÃÂ¼) and primary relative damping rate (ÃÂ¶1) are presented in the form of a computed family of curves. The optimum relative damping rate (ÃÂ¶20) for the vibration absorber may be found directly once the optimum tuning frequency has been obtained.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-03-10},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Thompson, A.G.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1981},
	pages = {403--415},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\P8QFFP77\\S0022460X81801769.html:text/html}
}

@techreport{halvorsen_interior_1989,
	address = {Warrendale, PA},
	type = {{SAE} {Technical} {Paper}},
	title = {Interior {Noise} {Control} of the {Saab} 340 {Aircraft}},
	url = {http://papers.sae.org/891080/},
	abstract = {A comprehensive development program was performed on the Saab 340 aircraft, with the goal of reducing sound levels at the passenger seats in the plane of the propellers. The test program included in-flight sound measurements and operating deflection shape measurements on the fuselage structure, for various propeller speeds and synchrophase angles, and structural frequency response tests. The noise control approach developed was to reduce the low-order fuselage response with the addition of viscoelastic tuned dampers to the fuselage frames in the plane of the propellers.},
	number = {891080},
	urldate = {2013-03-08},
	institution = {SAE International},
	author = {Halvorsen, William G. and Emborg, Urban},
	month = apr,
	year = {1989},
	file = {SAE Technical Papers Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CCNZWKRD\\891080.html:text/html}
}

@article{gendelman_energy_nodate,
	title = {Energy pumping in nonlinear mechanical oscillators : {Part} {I} : {Dynamics} of the underlying {Hamiltonian} systems},
	volume = {68},
	issn = {0021-8936},
	shorttitle = {Energy pumping in nonlinear mechanical oscillators},
	url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=920340},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-08},
	journal = {Journal of applied mechanics},
	author = {Gendelman, O. and Manevitch, L. I. and Vakakis, A. F. and M'closkey, R.},
	keywords = {AmortiguaciÃÂ³n vibraciÃÂ³n, Amortissement vibration, Boundary-value problems, Cambio coordenadas, Canalisation particule, Changement coordonnÃÂ©e, Channeling, Coupled oscillator, Dynamics, Dynamique, Efecto no lineal, Effet non linÃÂ©aire, Equation mouvement, Equations of motion, Hamiltonian mechanics, Hamiltonian system, Irreversible processes, Mathematical manifolds, MecÃÂ¡nica hamiltoniana, MÃÂ©canique hamiltonienne, Mechanical system, MÃÂ©thode numÃÂ©rique, MÃÂ©todo numÃÂ©rico, Non linear effect, Non linear oscillator, Numerical method, Oscilador acoplamiento, Oscilador no lineal, Oscillateur couplÃÂ©, Oscillateur non linÃÂ©aire, ProblÃÂ¨me valeur limite, Processus irrÃÂ©versible, Sistema hamiltoniano, Sistema mecÃÂ¡nico, Sous harmonique, SubarmÃÂ³nica, Subharmonic, SystÃÂ¨me hamiltonien, SystÃÂ¨me mÃÂ©canique, Transformation of coordinates, VariÃÂ©tÃÂ© mathÃÂ©matique, Vibration damping},
	pages = {34--41},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CRFQUTQR\\cat.inist.fr.html:text/html}
}

@book{bonnans_numerical_2007,
	title = {Numerical {Optimization}},
	isbn = {978-3-540-35447-5},
	abstract = {Just as in its 1st edition, this book starts with illustrations of the ubiquitous character of optimization, and describes numerical algorithms in a tutorial way. It covers fundamental algorithms as well as more specialized and advanced topics for unconstrained and constrained problems. Most of the algorithms are explained in a detailed manner, allowing straightforward implementation. Theoretical aspects of the approaches chosen are also addressed with care, often using minimal assumptions. This new edition contains computational exercises in the form of case studies which help understanding optimization methods beyond their theoretical, description, when coming to actual implementation. Besides, the nonsmooth optimization part has been substantially reorganized and expanded.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Bonnans, J. Joseph Frederic and Gilbert, Jean Charles and LemarÃÂ©chal, Claude},
	month = feb,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Mathematics / Optimization}
}

@article{rice_design_1993,
	title = {Design {Of} {Multiple} {Vibration} {Absorber} {Systems} {Using} {Modal} {Data}},
	volume = {160},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X83710333},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1993.1033},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Rice, H.J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {378--385},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MQTBAEPE\\S0022460X83710333.html:text/html}
}

@book{keane_statistical_1997,
	title = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis}: {An} {Overview}, with {Applications} in {Structural} {Dynamics}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-55175-5},
	shorttitle = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis}},
	abstract = {This volume provides an up-to-date overview of statistical energy analysis and its applications in structural vibration. Statistical energy analysis (S.E.A.) is a powerful method for predicting and analysing the vibrational behaviour of structures. This volume brings together nine articles by experts in S. E. A. from around the world. The opening chapter gives an introduction and overview of the technique describing its key successes, potential and limitations. Following chapters discuss a selection of cases and examples which together illustrate the scope and power of the technique.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Keane, A. J. and Price, W. G.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Civil / General, Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Science / General, Technology \& Engineering / Electrical, Technology \& Engineering / Structural}
}

@article{wang_optimal_1989,
	title = {The optimal design of dynamic absorber in the time domain and the frequency domain},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0003-682X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003682X89900327},
	doi = {10.1016/0003-682X(89)90032-7},
	abstract = {The optimal design of a dynamic absorber can be classified into time domain optimization and frequency domain optimization. In this paper, four optimum design methods for a dynamic absorber are compared when they are applied to a single-degree-of-freedom system with primary damping. Furthermore, they can be used on other complex systems, including continuous systems. These four optimum methods are (1) the equal peak method, (2) the minimal variance method, (3) the energy method, and (4) the area ratio method. The design objective of these methods is to seek the optimal tuning and damping ratios of the dynamic absorber, whether in the time domain or in the frequency domain.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-06},
	journal = {Applied Acoustics},
	author = {Wang, Y.Z. and Cheng, S.H.},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {67--78},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\B5VXPM7V\\0003682X89900327.html:text/html;wang.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\XG9B9Z4U\\wang.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{mcgoldrick_ship_1960,
	title = {Ship vibration},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {U.S. Govt. Print. Off.},
	author = {McGoldrick, Raymond T.},
	year = {1960},
	keywords = {Transportation / Ships \& Shipbuilding / General, Vibration (Marine engineering)}
}

@book{preumont_vibration_2011,
	title = {Vibration {Control} of {Active} {Structures}},
	isbn = {978-94-007-2033-6},
	abstract = {This text is an introduction to the dynamics of active structures and to the feedback control of lightly damped flexible structures; the emphasis is placed on basic issues and simple control strategies that work.Now in its third edition, more chapters have been added, and comments and feedback from readers have been taken into account, while at the same time the unique premise of bridging the gap between structure and control has remained.  Many examples and problems bring the subject to life and take the audience from theory to practice.The book has chapters dealing with some concepts in structural dynamics; electromagnetic and piezoelectric transducers; piezoelectric beam, plate and truss; passive damping with piezoelectric transducers; collocated versus non-collocated control; active damping with collocated systems; vibration isolation; state space approach; analysis and synthesis in the frequency domain; optimal control; controllability and observability; stability; applications; tendon control of cable structures; active control of large telescopes; and semi-active control. The book concludes with an exhaustive bibliography and index. This book is intended for structural engineers who want to acquire some background in vibration control; it can be used as a textbook for a graduate course on vibration control or active structures. A solutions manual is available through the publisher to teachers using this book as a textbook.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Preumont, A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General), Science / Mechanics / General, Technology \& Engineering / Materials Science}
}

@book{silva_vibration_2007,
	title = {Vibration {Damping}, {Control}, and {Design}},
	isbn = {978-1-4200-5322-7},
	abstract = {Reducing and controlling the level of vibration in a mechanical system leads to an improved work environment and product quality, reduced noise, more economical operation, and longer equipment life. Adequate design is essential for reducing vibrations, while damping and control methods help further reduce and manipulate vibrations when design strategies reach their limits. There are also useful types of vibration, which may require enhancement or control. Vibration Damping, Control, and Design balances theoretical and application-oriented coverage to enable optimal vibration and noise suppression and control in nearly any system.Drawn from the immensely popular Vibration and Shock Handbook, each expertly crafted chapter of this book includes convenient summary windows, tables, graphs, and lists to provide ready access to the important concepts and results. Working systematically from general principles to specific applications, coverage spans from theory and experimental techniques in vibration damping to isolation, passive control, active control, and structural dynamic modification. The book also discusses specific issues in designing for and controlling vibrations and noise such as regenerative chatter in machine tools, fluid-induced vibration, hearing and psychological effects, instrumentation for monitoring, and statistical energy analysis. This carefully edited work strikes a balance between practical considerations, design issues, and experimental techniques.Complemented by design examples and case studies, Vibration Damping, Control, and Design builds a deep understanding of the concepts and demonstrates how to apply these principles to real systems.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Silva, Clarence W. de},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Science / Mechanics / Dynamics, Science / Mechanics / General}
}

@article{li_optimization_2007,
	title = {Optimization of non-uniformly distributed multiple tuned mass damper},
	volume = {308},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X07005561},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.014},
	abstract = {A gradient-based method for optimizing non-uniformly distributed multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) is presented in this paper. By solving an optimization problem with multiple objectives, optimized non-uniformly distributed MTMDs are obtained. Then the dynamic characteristics, effectiveness, robustness and redundancy of MTMDs are investigated in detail. Without restrictive assumptions such as uniformly distributed frequency, identical damping ratio, the optimized non-uniformly MTMDs obtained here can be considered as the Ã¢ÂÂtrueÃ¢ÂÂ optimal ones. Unlike the references [L. Zuo, S.A. Nayfeh, Optimization of the individual stiffness and damping parameters in multiple-tuned-massÃ¢ÂÂdamper system, Journal of Vibration and AcousticsÃ¢ÂÂTransactions of the ASME 127(1) (2005) 77Ã¢ÂÂ83; N. Hoang, P. Warnitchai, Design of multiple tuned mass damper by using a numerical optimizer, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 34(2) (2005) 125Ã¢ÂÂ144], the maximum displacement or frequency response of the main structure is chosen as the objective function in the present paper, because the maximum displacement is more concerned than the root-mean-square response sometimes. Using the presented method, the errors of estimate of the parameters of the structure and the MTMD can be taken into account quantitatively in the design procedure of the MTMD. It is demonstrated that the MTMDs designed in this paper are more effective than the traditional optimal uniformly distributed MTMDs whose frequency spacing, stiffness or mass and damping are under some restrictions for simplicity. And the MTMDs designed by accounting for possible errors of estimate are more robust than those without consideration of errors.},
	number = {1Ã¢ÂÂ2},
	urldate = {2013-03-05},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Li, Hong-Nan and Ni, Xiang-Lei},
	month = nov,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {80--97},
	file = {S0022460X07005561_Hong.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ZTKD6HDN\\S0022460X07005561_Hong.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\SWSJFUPG\\S0022460X07005561.html:text/html}
}

@book{hartog_mechanical_1956,
	title = {Mechanical {Vibrations}},
	isbn = {978-0-486-13185-6},
	abstract = {This classic text combines the scholarly insights of its distinguished author with the practical, problem-solving orientation of an experienced industrial engineer. Topics include the kinematics of vibration, degrees of freedom, gyroscopic effects, relaxation oscillations, Rayleigh's method, and more. Abundant examples and figures, plus more than 230 problems and answers. 1956 edition.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Courier Dover Publications},
	author = {Hartog, Jacob Pieter Den},
	year = {1956},
	keywords = {Science / Waves \& Wave Mechanics, Technology \& Engineering / Civil / General, Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General)}
}

@article{weaver_effect_1996,
	title = {The effect of an undamped finite degree of freedom Ã¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂ substructure: {Numerical} solutions and theoretical discussion},
	volume = {100},
	shorttitle = {The effect of an undamped finite degree of freedom Ã¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂ substructure},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/100/3159/1},
	doi = {10.1121/1.417194},
	abstract = {A single degree of freedom master oscillator attached to a simple undamped N degree of freedom Ã¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂfuzzy substructureÃ¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂ is studied numerically and theoretically. Results are found to be in accord with the predictions of the PierceÃ¢ÂÂSparrowÃ¢ÂÂRussell theory at early times; in particular, the master oscillation manifests an apparent damping. At later times, however, the damping ceases and the energy is returned from the fuzzy to the master. The precise manner in which the energy is returned, and the time taken to do this, depend on the details of the mass and frequency distribution within the fuzzy, and in particular on the distribution of spacings between the fuzzy resonances. ÃÂ© 1996 Acoustical Society of America.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-03-04},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Weaver, R. L.},
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {oscillators, degrees of freedom, mass distribution, mathematical models, mechanical vibrations, acoustic resonance, Damping},
	pages = {3159--3164},
	file = {JAS003159_weaver.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\Q8NGR3J2\\JAS003159_weaver.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{xu_dynamic_1992,
	title = {Dynamic characteristics of multiple substructures with closely spaced frequencies},
	volume = {21},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 1992 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eqe.4290211203/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/eqe.4290211203},
	abstract = {This paper considers a main structure supporting a large number of substructures. The substructures have closely spaced natural frequencies, and the combined main structure/multiple substructures system is subjected to harmonic or wide-band forces. The goal is to characterize the effects of the substructures on the response of the main structure.A special, fundamental case is studied in detail, where the substructures are oscillators with equal stiffnesses and equally spaced natural frequencies. The exact response expressions for the combined system are in terms of a complicated rational polynomial. However, by taking the limit where the number of substructures becomes large, the response expressions reduce to simple, physically meaningful results. It is found that the multiple substrutures are equivalent to a single viscous damping which is added to the damping of the main structure. An example illustrates how the results can be applied to passive vibration control of large structures.},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {Xu, Kangming and Igusa, Takeru},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1059--1070},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ZBCFFG7N\\Xu and Igusa - 1992 - Dynamic characteristics of multiple substructures .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\B87U8667\\abstract.html:text/html}
}

@article{watts_method_1883,
	title = {On a method of reducing the rolling of ships at sea},
	volume = {24},
	shorttitle = {On a method of reducing the rolling of ships at sea},
	journal = {Trans. In-n Naval Architects},
	author = {Watts, P.},
	year = {1883},
	pages = {65--90},
	file = {1883_Watts_ON_Method_Reducing_Rolling_Ships_Sea.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\DKEXUPZA\\1883_Watts_ON_Method_Reducing_Rolling_Ships_Sea.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{asami_analytical_2002,
	title = {Analytical {Solutions} to {H} infinity and {H}2 {Optimization} of {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} {Attached} to {Damped} {Linear} {Systems}},
	volume = {124},
	shorttitle = {Analytical {Solutions} to {H} infinity and {H}2 {Optimization} of {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} {Attached} to {Damped} {Linear} {Systems}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Asami_J_vib_acous_2002-0963310848/Asami_J_vib_acous_2002.pdf},
	journal = {J. Vib. Acoust.},
	author = {Asami, Toshihiko and Nishihara, Osamu and Baz, Amr M.},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {284},
	file = {Asami et al. - 2002 - Analytical Solutions to H[sub Ã¢ÂÂ] and H[sub 2] Opti.html:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MCTDHMP6\\Asami et al. - 2002 - Analytical Solutions to H[sub Ã¢ÂÂ] and H[sub 2] Opti.html:text/html;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\SBIMTTZ2\\Asami_J_vib_acous_2002.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{wang_dynamic_2001,
	title = {Dynamic {Analysis} of a {Tall} {Building} {With} a {Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Device} {Subjected} to {Earthquake} {Excitations}},
	volume = {244},
	shorttitle = {Dynamic {Analysis} of a {Tall} {Building} {With} a {Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Device} {Subjected} to {Earthquake} {Excitations}},
	journal = {Journal of Sound \& Vibration},
	author = {Wang, A. P. and Fung, R. F. and Huang, S. C.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {1},
	pages = {123--136},
	file = {Dynamic Analysis of a Tall Building with TMD device.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\IKG6TTU9\\Dynamic Analysis of a Tall Building with TMD device.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{abe_semi-active_1996,
	title = {Semi-{Active} {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Controlling} {Transient} {Response}},
	volume = {198},
	shorttitle = {Semi-{Active} {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Controlling} {Transient} {Response}},
	journal = {Journal of Sound \& Vibration},
	author = {Abe, M. and Igusa, T.},
	year = {1996},
	note = {5},
	pages = {547--569}
}

@inproceedings{fortgang_scheduling_2006,
	address = {Minneapolis, MN},
	title = {Scheduling of {Input} {Shaping} and {Transient} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {High}-{Rise} {Elevators}},
	shorttitle = {Scheduling of {Input} {Shaping} and {Transient} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {High}-{Rise} {Elevators}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/fortgang_scheduling_of_input_shaping 2006-4278800384/fortgang_scheduling_of_input_shaping 2006.pdf},
	booktitle = {American {Control} {Conference}},
	author = {Fortgang, J. and Singhose, W. and Patrangenaru, V.},
	year = {2006},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\EI3IACS9\\fortgang_scheduling_of_input_shaping 2006.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{korenev_dynamic_1993,
	address = {West Sussex},
	title = {Dynamic {Vibration} {Absorbers}},
	shorttitle = {Dynamic {Vibration} {Absorbers}},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Korenev, Boris G. and Reznikov, Leonid M.},
	year = {1993}
}

@article{carcaterra_transient_2004,
	title = {Transient energy exchange between a primary structure and a set of oscillators: {Return} time and apparent damping},
	volume = {115},
	shorttitle = {Transient energy exchange between a primary structure and a set of oscillators: {Return} time and apparent damping},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/carcaterra_JAS000683_2004-1830940673/carcaterra_JAS000683_2004.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {683--696},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MTMT3KM3\\carcaterra_JAS000683_2004.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\57BUXMV2\\p683_s1.html:text/html}
}

@article{pierce_fuzzy-structure_2008,
	title = {Fuzzy-structure acoustics},
	volume = {DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.757466},
	shorttitle = {Fuzzy-structure acoustics},
	journal = {AccessScience@McGraw-Hill, http://www.accessscience.com},
	author = {Pierce, A. D.},
	year = {2008}
}

@article{akay_acoustics_2002,
	title = {Acoustics of friction},
	volume = {111},
	shorttitle = {Acoustics of friction},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Akay_JAS001525_2005-0246566400/Akay_JAS001525_2005.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am},
	author = {Akay, A.},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1525},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\S37W392H\\Akay_JAS001525_2005.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{bartel_time_1971,
	title = {Time domain optimization of a vibration absorber},
	volume = {93 Ser B},
	shorttitle = {Time domain optimization of a vibration absorber},
	abstract = {Paper 70- WA/DE- 5. 03964},
	journal = {Journal Of Engineering For Industry ASME Trans},
	author = {Bartel, D. L. and Krauter, A. I.},
	year = {1971},
	note = {Compendex},
	keywords = {MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, MACHINE DESIGN, Computer Applications, VIBRATIONS--Damping},
	pages = {799--804},
	annote = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.1972010003823VIBRATION ABSORBER DESIGN},
	annote = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.1972010003823VIBRATION ABSORBER DESIGN}
}

@inproceedings{fortgang_design_2001,
	address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
	title = {Design of {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Step} {Motions} and {Step} {Disturbances}},
	shorttitle = {Design of {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Step} {Motions} and {Step} {Disturbances}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Fortgang_design_of_vibration_asme_2001-2635097600/Fortgang_design_of_vibration_asme_2001.pdf},
	booktitle = {{ASME} {Int}. {DETC} 18th {Biennial} {Conf}. on {Mechanical} {Vibration} and {Noise}},
	author = {Fortgang, J. and Singhose, W.},
	year = {2001},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ZJJ6TSAT\\Fortgang_design_of_vibration_asme_2001.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\UKNSFK5K\\Fortgang_design_of_vibration_asme_2001.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_power_1995,
	title = {Power dissipation in a sprung mass attached to a master structure},
	volume = {98},
	shorttitle = {Power dissipation in a sprung mass attached to a master structure},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Maidanik, G.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {3527--3533},
	file = {JAS003527_Maidanik.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\P4DWR3H5\\JAS003527_Maidanik.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_noise_1998,
	title = {Noise control of a master harmonic oscillator coupled to a set of satellite harmonic oscillators},
	volume = {104},
	shorttitle = {Noise control of a master harmonic oscillator coupled to a set of satellite harmonic oscillators},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Maidanik_jasa_1998-3940057856/Maidanik_jasa_1998.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K. J.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {2628},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\S88BQDJP\\Maidanik_jasa_1998.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_various_1998,
	title = {Various loss factors of a master harmonic oscillator coupled to a number of satellite harmonic oscillators},
	volume = {103},
	shorttitle = {Various loss factors of a master harmonic oscillator coupled to a number of satellite harmonic oscillators},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Maidanik_jasa_1998_c-2933628160/Maidanik_jasa_1998_c.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K. J.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {3184},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\S8DTJTSM\\Maidanik_jasa_1998_c.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_dependence_2003,
	title = {Dependence of the induced loss factor on the coupling forms and coupling strengths: energy analysis},
	volume = {266},
	shorttitle = {Dependence of the induced loss factor on the coupling forms and coupling strengths: energy analysis},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/maidanik_JSV_2003_2-0040214788/maidanik_JSV_2003_2.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K. J.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {1},
	pages = {33--48},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TTFGV5N5\\maidanik_JSV_2003_2.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_replacement_2006,
	title = {Replacement of a summation by an integration in structural acoustics},
	volume = {291},
	shorttitle = {Replacement of a summation by an integration in structural acoustics},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/maidanik_JSV_2006-1751227140/maidanik_JSV_2006.pdf},
	journal = {J. Sound Vib.},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K.J. and Maga, L.J.},
	year = {2006},
	note = {1-2},
	pages = {323--348},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CCMPI9TZ\\maidanik_JSV_2006.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{miller_simple_2006,
	title = {Simple models for piston-type micromirror behavior},
	volume = {16},
	shorttitle = {Simple models for piston-type micromirror behavior},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Miller_JMM_2006-0844831744/Miller_JMM_2006.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Miller, M H and Perrault, J A and Parker, G G and Bettig, B P and Bifano, T G},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {303--313},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\2TTPT3MH\\Miller_JMM_2006.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\WSGFHVH4\\Miller_JMM_2006.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{koc_energy_2005,
	title = {Energy sinks: {Vibration} absorption by an optimal set of undamped oscillators},
	volume = {118},
	shorttitle = {Energy sinks: {Vibration} absorption by an optimal set of undamped oscillators},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/koc_JAS003031_2005-3266300928/koc_JAS003031_2005.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {KoÃÂ§, I. Murat and Carcaterra, Antonio and Xu, Zhaoshun and Akay, Adnan},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {3031--3042},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\K3TTIKAZ\\koc_JAS003031_2005.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{vignola_effect_2006,
	title = {Effect of viscous loss on mechanical resonators designed for mass detection},
	volume = {88},
	shorttitle = {Effect of viscous loss on mechanical resonators designed for mass detection},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/APL_2006_jv-2720507650/APL_2006_jv.pdf},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Vignola, J. F. and Judge, J. A. and Jarzynski, J. and Zalalutdinov, M. and Houston, B. H. and Baldwin, J. A.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {041921},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\F26HDDX8\\APL_2006_jv.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{pierce_resonant-frequency-distribution_1997,
	title = {Resonant-{Frequency}-{Distribution} of {Internal} {Mass} {Inferred} {From} {Mechanical} {Impedance} {Matrices}, {With} {Application} to {Fuzzy} {Structure} {Theory}},
	volume = {119},
	shorttitle = {Resonant-{Frequency}-{Distribution} of {Internal} {Mass} {Inferred} {From} {Mechanical} {Impedance} {Matrices}, {With} {Application} to {Fuzzy} {Structure} {Theory}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Pierce_J_vib&acous_1997-0312965889/Pierce_J_vib&acous_1997.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Pierce, A. D.},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {324--333},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\48AQC9ZN\\Pierce_J_vib&acous_1997.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{kurfess_trajectory_2004,
	title = {Trajectory {Planning} for {Flexible} {Robots}},
	shorttitle = {Trajectory {Planning} for {Flexible} {Robots}},
	booktitle = {Robotics and {Automation} {Handbook}},
	author = {Singhose, William},
	collaborator = {Kurfess, T. R. and Weimar, Ed.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {9--1 -- 9--24}
}

@article{stewart_open-loop_2007,
	title = {Open-loop control of a {MEMS} deformable mirror for large-amplitude wavefront control},
	volume = {24},
	shorttitle = {Open-loop control of a {MEMS} deformable mirror for large-amplitude wavefront control},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Stewart_OL_Control_2007_JOSA-0307932672/Stewart_OL_Control_2007_JOSA.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America A},
	author = {Stewart, Jason B. and Diouf, Alioune and Zhou, Yaopeng and Bifano, Thomas G.},
	year = {2007},
	note = {12},
	pages = {3827--3833},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\V7T85D42\\Stewart_OL_Control_2007_JOSA.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\U44XFKFZ\\Stewart_OL_Control_2007_JOSA.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{akay_experiments_1998,
	title = {Experiments on acoustic streaming in a fluid layer between vibrating surfaces and amplitude-dependent damping of vibrations},
	volume = {103},
	shorttitle = {Experiments on acoustic streaming in a fluid layer between vibrating surfaces and amplitude-dependent damping of vibrations},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/akay_JAS000865_1998-3938387200/akay_JAS000865_1998.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am},
	author = {Akay, Adnan and Xu, Zhaoshun},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {865},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\BMX9JTGZ\\akay_JAS000865_1998.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{pan_squeeze_1998,
	title = {Squeeze film damping effect on the dynamic response of a {MEMS} torsion mirror},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {0960-1317},
	shorttitle = {Squeeze film damping effect on the dynamic response of a {MEMS} torsion mirror},
	url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0960-1317/8/i=3/a=005},
	abstract = {This paper presents analytical solutions for the effect of squeeze film damping on a MEMS torsion mirror. Both the Fourier series solution and the double sine series solution are derived for the linearized Reynold equation which is obtained under the assumption of small displacements. Analytical formulae for the squeeze film pressure variation and the squeeze film damping torque on the torsion mirror are derived. They are functions of the rotation angle and the angular velocity of the mirror. On the other hand, to verify the analytical modeling, the implicit finite difference method is applied to solve the nonlinear isothermal Reynold equation, and thus numerically determine the squeeze film damping torque on the mirror. The damping torques based on both the analytical modeling and the numerical modeling are then used in the equation of motion of the torsion mirror which is solved by the Runge-Kutta numerical method. We find that the dynamic angular response of the mirror based on the analytical damping model matches very well with that based on the numerical damping model. We also perform experimental measurements and obtain results which are consistent with those obtained from the analytical and numerical damping models. Although the analytical damping model is derived under the assumption of harmonic response of the torsion mirror, it is shown that with the air spring effect neglected, this damping model is still valid for the case of nonharmonic response. The dependence of the damping torque on the ambient pressure is also considered and found to be insignificant in a certain regime of the ambient pressure. Finally, the convergence of the series solutions is discussed, and an approximate one term formula is presented for the squeeze film damping torque on the torsion mirror.},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Pan, Feixia and Kubby, Joel and Peeters, Eric and Tran, Alex T and Mukherjee, Subrata},
	year = {1998},
	note = {3},
	pages = {200}
}

@article{hunt_broadband_1982,
	title = {The broadband dynamic vibration absorber},
	volume = {83},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	shorttitle = {The broadband dynamic vibration absorber},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WM3-4RH6V0S-9/2/fd13ac9ad82cd45e817c6495ab3990aa},
	doi = {DOI: 10.1016/S0022-460X(82)80108-9},
	abstract = {The limited effectiveness of the linear passive dynamic vibration absorber is described. This is followed by an analysis producing the response of a primary system when a non-linear softening Belleville spring is used in the absorber. It is shown that the suppression bandwidth can be doubled by this means.},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Hunt, J. B. and Nissen, J. C.},
	year = {1982},
	note = {4},
	pages = {573--578}
}

@article{carcaterra_near-irreversibility_2006,
	title = {Near-irreversibility in a conservative linear structure with singularity points in its modal density},
	volume = {119},
	shorttitle = {Near-irreversibility in a conservative linear structure with singularity points in its modal density},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/carcaterra_JAS002141_2006-2358480896/carcaterra_JAS002141_2006.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A. and KoÃÂ§, I. M.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {2141--2149},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\T6HIMM7T\\carcaterra_JAS002141_2006.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{fortgang_concurrent_2005,
	title = {Concurrent {Design} of {Vibration} {Absorbers} and {Input} {Shapers}},
	volume = {127},
	shorttitle = {Concurrent {Design} of {Vibration} {Absorbers} and {Input} {Shapers}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/fortgang_J_dyn_meas_control_2005-1198610178/fortgang_J_dyn_meas_control_2005.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control},
	author = {Fortgang, Joel and Singhose, William},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {329--335},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TV6VVTRH\\fortgang_J_dyn_meas_control_2005.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TJNPVHPP\\fortgang_J_dyn_meas_control_2005.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{hart_stroboscopic_2000,
	title = {Stroboscopic {Interferometer} {System} for {Dynamic} {MEMS} {Characterization}},
	volume = {9},
	shorttitle = {Stroboscopic {Interferometer} {System} for {Dynamic} {MEMS} {Characterization}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Hart_J_mems_2000-3176993024/Hart_J_mems_2000.pdf},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS},
	author = {Hart, Matthew R. and Conant, Robert A. and Lau, Kam Y. and Muller, Richard S.},
	year = {2000},
	note = {4},
	pages = {409--418},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\WVVWGCKI\\Hart_J_mems_2000.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\VVUS5H5C\\Hart_J_mems_2000.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_potential_1998,
	title = {Potential for the presence of additional stop bands in the modal response of regularly ribbed cylinders},
	volume = {104},
	shorttitle = {Potential for the presence of additional stop bands in the modal response of regularly ribbed cylinders},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Maidanik_jasa_1998_b-3386513152/Maidanik_jasa_1998_b.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K. J.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {700},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ZK7J96CH\\Maidanik_jasa_1998_b.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_characterization_1999,
	title = {Characterization of multiple-sprung masses for wideband noise control},
	volume = {106},
	shorttitle = {Characterization of multiple-sprung masses for wideband noise control},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Maidanik_jasa_1999-1205264640/Maidanik_jasa_1999.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K. J.},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {3109},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\E4DADRIU\\Maidanik_jasa_1999.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{roveri_energy_2009,
	title = {Energy equipartition and frequency distribution in complex attachments},
	volume = {126},
	shorttitle = {Energy equipartition and frequency distribution in complex attachments},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Roveri_jasa_2009-2809215490/Roveri_jasa_2009.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am},
	author = {Roveri, N. and Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {122--128},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\7XJ6BUTE\\Roveri_jasa_2009.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{singhose_residual_1994,
	title = {Residual {Vibration} {Reduction} {Using} {Vector} {Diagrams} to {Generate} {Shaped} {Inputs}},
	volume = {116},
	shorttitle = {Residual {Vibration} {Reduction} {Using} {Vector} {Diagrams} to {Generate} {Shaped} {Inputs}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Singhose_j_mechanical_design_1994-0941521152/Singhose_j_mechanical_design_1994.pdf},
	journal = {J. of Mechanical Design},
	author = {Singhose, W. and Seering, W. and Singer, N.},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {654--659},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\NNVTE5HS\\Singhose_j_mechanical_design_1994.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\KHJ8W75N\\Singhose_j_mechanical_design_1994.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{strasberg_when_2000,
	title = {When is a 'fuzzy'  structure not a fuzzy structure},
	volume = {107},
	shorttitle = {When is a 'fuzzy'  structure not a fuzzy structure},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Strasberg, M.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {2885}
}

@article{strasberg_vibration_1993,
	title = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures ({A})},
	volume = {94},
	shorttitle = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures ({A})},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am},
	author = {Strasberg, M. and Feit, D.},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1814}
}

@article{thundat_detection_1995,
	title = {Detection of mercury vapor using resonating microcantilevers},
	volume = {66},
	shorttitle = {Detection of mercury vapor using resonating microcantilevers},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/thundat_apl_95-3362868226/thundat_apl_95.pdf},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Wachter, E. A. and Sharp, S. L. and Warmack, R. J.},
	year = {1995},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CTXR3CJ8\\thundat_apl_95.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{zuo_optimization_2005,
	title = {Optimization of the {Individual} {Stiffness} and {Damping} {Parameters} in {Multiple}-{Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Systems}},
	volume = {127},
	shorttitle = {Optimization of the {Individual} {Stiffness} and {Damping} {Parameters} in {Multiple}-{Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Systems}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Zuo_J_vib&acous_2005-0782142721/Zuo_J_vib&acous_2005.pdf},
	journal = {ASME J. Vibr. Acoust.},
	author = {Zuo, L. and Nayfeh, S. A.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {77--83},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\3HNJPWKM\\Zuo_J_vib&acous_2005.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{carcaterra_trapping_2012,
	title = {Trapping of vibration energy into a set of resonators: {Theory} and application to aerospace structures},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {0888-3270},
	shorttitle = {Trapping of vibration energy into a set of resonators},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327011002019},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.05.005},
	abstract = {This paper presents the theory of a novel mechanism of energy absorption and induced damping in structural systems and its application to aerospace industry. The underlying principles of the physical phenomena have been addressed in several earlier publications, which focused on prototypical systems of absorbers that consist of a set of single-degree-of-freedom resonators. This paper generalizes those theoretical developments to the case of a cluster of beams attached to a continuous primary structure, to develop predictive methods for the expected performance of this new type of absorber, with particular emphasis on its optimal design. An embodiment of the conceived device is illustrated for an aerospace structure, a satellite, with the purpose of reducing the vibration of the electronic components on board during lift-off. Experimental results illustrate the feasibility and the attractiveness of this new absorption technique.},
	urldate = {2012-01-27},
	journal = {Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing},
	author = {Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A. and Bernardini, C.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Apparent damping, Fuzzy damping, Passive vibration damping, Shock attenuation},
	pages = {1--14},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\AJEBPZRG\\Carcaterra et al. - 2012 - Trapping of vibration energy into a set of resonat.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\VQTAIWBK\\Carcaterra et al. - 2012 - Trapping of vibration energy into a set of resonat:}
}

@article{demartini_linear_2007,
	title = {Linear and nonlinear tuning of parametrically excited {MEMS} oscillators},
	volume = {16},
	shorttitle = {Linear and nonlinear tuning of parametrically excited {MEMS} oscillators},
	journal = {Journal of Microelecromechanical Systems},
	author = {DeMartini, Barry E. and Rhoads, Jeffrey F. and Turner, Kimberly L. and Shaw, Steven W. and Moehlis, Jeff},
	year = {2007},
	note = {2},
	pages = {310--318}
}

@article{thundat_vapor_1995,
	title = {Vapor detection using resonating microcantilevers},
	volume = {67},
	shorttitle = {Vapor detection using resonating microcantilevers},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/thundat_analytical chemistry_1995_vapor detection using resonating cantilevers-1472312345/thundat_analytical chemistry_1995_vapor detection using resonating cantilevers.pdf},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Chen, G. Y. and Warmack, R. J. and Allison, D. P. and Wachter, E. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {519--521}
}

@article{soize_model_1993,
	title = {A model and numerical method in the medium frequency range for vibroacoustic prediction using the theory of fuzzy structures},
	volume = {94},
	shorttitle = {A model and numerical method in the medium frequency range for vibroacoustic prediction using the theory of fuzzy structures},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/soize_jasa_1993-0192916224/soize_jasa_1993.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am},
	author = {Soize, C.},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {849--865},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\QVEW3GNJ\\soize_jasa_1993.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{craig_fundamental_2006,
	address = {Hoboken, NJ},
	title = {Fundamental of {Structural} {Dynamics}},
	shorttitle = {Fundamental of {Structural} {Dynamics}},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Craig, Roy R. and Kurdila, Andrew J.},
	year = {2006}
}

@article{drexel_modal_2001,
	title = {Modal {Overlap} and {Dissipation} {Effects} of a {Cantilever} {Beam} with {Multiple} {Attached} {Oscillators}},
	volume = {123},
	shorttitle = {Modal {Overlap} and {Dissipation} {Effects} of a {Cantilever} {Beam} with {Multiple} {Attached} {Oscillators}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Drexel J vib and acoutics 2001-3742201088/Drexel J vib and acoutics 2001.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Drexel, M. V. and Ginsberg, J. H.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {181},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\WWW79RBQ\\Drexel J vib and acoutics 2001.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{abromowitz_handbook_1972,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Handbook of {Mathematical} {Functions}},
	shorttitle = {Handbook of {Mathematical} {Functions}},
	publisher = {Dover},
	author = {Abromowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A.},
	year = {1972}
}

@book{bracewell_fourier_1986,
	address = {New York},
	title = {The {Fourier} {Transform} and {Its} {Applications}},
	shorttitle = {The {Fourier} {Transform} and {Its} {Applications}},
	publisher = {MGraw-Hill},
	author = {Bracewell, R.},
	year = {1986}
}

@book{lyon_statistical_1975,
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	title = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis} of {Dynamical} {Systems}},
	shorttitle = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis} of {Dynamical} {Systems}},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Lyon, R. H.},
	year = {1975}
}

@inproceedings{zuo_hybrid_2008,
	address = {Hilton Head, South Carolina},
	title = {Hybrid {Ultra}-{Compact} 4th {Order} {Band}-{Pass} {Filter} {Based} on {Piezoelectric} {ALN} {Contour}-{Mode} {MEMS} {Resonators}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/zou_sssa_2008-1701925378/zou_sssa_2008.pdf},
	booktitle = {Solid-{State} {Sensors}, {Actuators}, and {Microsystems} {Workshop}},
	author = {Zuo, C. and Sinha, N. and Perez, C.R. and Mahameed, R. and Pisani, M.B. and Piazza, G.},
	year = {2008},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\S8CDFQ4W\\zou_sssa_2008.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{blevins_formulas_2001,
	address = {Malabar, Florida},
	title = {Formulas for {Natural} {Frequency} and {Mode} {Shape}},
	shorttitle = {Formulas for {Natural} {Frequency} and {Mode} {Shape}},
	publisher = {Krieger},
	author = {Blevins, R. D.},
	year = {2001}
}

@inproceedings{demartini_resonant_2006,
	address = {Hilton Head, South Carolina},
	title = {A resonant {SISO} sensor based on a coupled array of microelectromechanical oscillators},
	shorttitle = {A resonant {SISO} sensor based on a coupled array of microelectromechanical oscillators},
	booktitle = {Solid-{State} {Sensors}, {Actuators}, and {Microsystems} {Workshop}},
	author = {DeMartini, Barry E. and Rhoads, Jeffrey F. and Shaw, Steven W. and Turner, Kimberly L},
	year = {2006}
}

@article{demartini_chaos_2007,
	title = {Chaos for a microelectromechanical oscillator governed by the nonlinear {Matheiu} equation},
	volume = {16},
	shorttitle = {Chaos for a microelectromechanical oscillator governed by the nonlinear {Matheiu} equation},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/demartini_microeletromech_2007_Chaos for a Microelectromechanical Oscillator-3116478745/demartini_microeletromech_2007_Chaos for a Microelectromechanical Oscillator.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Microelecromechanical Systems},
	author = {DeMartini, Barry E. and Butterfield, Holly E. and Moehlis, Jeff and Turner, Kimberly L.},
	year = {2007},
	note = {6},
	pages = {1314--1323},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\7RBMN8CE\\demartini_microeletromech_2007_Chaos for a Microelectromechanical Oscillator.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{zuo_minimax_2004,
	title = {Minimax optimization of multi-degree-of-freedom tuned-mass dampers},
	volume = {272},
	shorttitle = {Minimax optimization of multi-degree-of-freedom tuned-mass dampers},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Zou_J_sound&vib_2004-2662584833/Zou_J_sound&vib_2004.pdf},
	journal = {J. Sound \& Vib.},
	author = {Zuo, L. and Nayfeh, S.A.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {893--908},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CDGMTW5R\\Zou_J_sound&vib_2004.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{battiston_chemical_2001,
	title = {A chemical sensor based on a microfabricated cantilever array with simultaneous resonance-frequency and bending readout},
	volume = {77},
	shorttitle = {A chemical sensor based on a microfabricated cantilever array with simultaneous resonance-frequency and bending readout},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/battiston_2001_SensorsActuatorsB-2311173657/battiston_2001_SensorsActuatorsB.pdf},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical},
	author = {Battiston, F. M. and Ramseyer, J. P. and Lang, H. P. and Baller, M. K. and Gerber, Ch. and Gimzewski, J. K. and Meyer, E. and Guntherodt, H-J.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {122--131},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\WGI3PUMS\\battiston_2001_SensorsActuatorsB.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{thundat_microcantilever_1997,
	title = {Microcantilever {Sensors}},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {1089-3954},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/108939597200214},
	doi = {10.1080/108939597200214},
	abstract = {The advent of inexpensive, mass-produced microcantilevers promises to bring about a revolution in the field of chemical, physical, and biological sensor development. The microcantilever resonance responses such as resonance frequency, deflection, amplitude, and Q-factor undergo variation due to external stimuli. The resonance response variation can be due to mass loading, surface stress, or damping. When molecules adsorb on surfaces they can also produce a surface stress due to forces involved in the adsorption process and can be observed as changes in deflections of a thin microcantilever. In this article we review the technology and present a series of highly sensitive sensors that are based on commercially available microcantilevers used in atomic force microscopy.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Oden, P. I. and Warmack, R. J.},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {185--199},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\BS3485QT\\108939597200214.html:text/html}
}

@article{thundat_micromechanical_1995,
	title = {Micromechanical radiation dosimeter},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v66/i12/p1563_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.113647},
	abstract = {We demonstrate the use of microcantilevers coated with ultraviolet crossÃ¢ÂÂlinking polymers as optical radiation dosimeters. Upon exposure to radiation, a treated cantilever bends due to stress and its resonance frequency increases due to stiffening. These phenomena can be used to develop sensitive radiation dosimeters which respond to radiation affecting the mechanical properties of the selected coating.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Sharp, S. L. and Fisher, W. G. and Warmack, R. J. and Wachter, E. A.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1995},
	pages = {1563--1565},
	file = {AIP Journal Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\JWHWKQHW\\p1563_s1.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{spletzer_biochemical_2005,
	title = {Biochemical {Mass} {Detection} {Using} {Mode} {Localization} in {Microcantilever} {Arrays}},
	volume = {2005},
	isbn = {0-7918-4215-0},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/ASMECP/v2005/i42150/p493/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1115/IMECE2005-81206},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	booktitle = {{ASME} 2005 {International} {Mechanical} {Engineering} {Congress} and {Exposition} ({IMECE}2005)},
	publisher = {ASME},
	author = {Spletzer, M. and Raman, A. and Reifenberger, R. and Wu, A. Q. and Xu, S.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {493--497},
	file = {Biochemical Mass Detection Using Mode Localization in Microcantilever Arrays:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\23XJE9CG\\GetabsServlet.html:text/html}
}

@book{ewins_modal_2001,
	edition = {2},
	title = {Modal {Testing}: {Theory}, {Practice} and {Application}},
	isbn = {0-86380-218-4},
	shorttitle = {Modal {Testing}},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Ewins, D. J.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2001}
}

@book{timoshenko_vibration_1937,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	title = {Vibration {Problems} in {Engineering}},
	isbn = {9871406774658},
	abstract = {VIBRATION PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING by S. TIMOSHENKO Professor of Theoretical and Engineering Mechanics Stanford University. Second edition published in may 1937. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION: In the preparation of the manuscript for the second edition of the book, the authors desire was not only to bring the book up to date by including some new material but also to make it more suitable for teaching purposes. With this in view, the first part of the book was entirely re written and considerably enlarged. A number of examples and problems with solutions or with answers were included, and in many places new material was added. The principal additions are as follows In the first chapter a discussion of forced vibration with damping not proportional to velocity is included, and an article on self-excited vibration. In the chapter on non-linear sys tems an article on the method of successive approximations is added and it is shown how the method can be used in discussing free and forced vibrations of systems with non-linear characteristics. The third chapter is made more complete by including in it a general discussion of the equation of vibratory motion of systems with variable spring characteristics. The fourth chapter, dealing with systems having several degrees of freedom, is also Considerably enlarged by adding a general discussion of systems with viscous damping an article on stability of motion with an application in studying vibration of a governor of a steam engine an article on whirling of a rotating shaft due to hysteresis and an article on the theory of damp ing vibration absorbers. There are also several additions in the chapter on torsional and lateral vibrations of shafts. The author takes this opportunity to thank his friends who assisted in various ways in the preparation of the manuscript and particularly Professor L. S. Jacobsen, who read over the complete manuscript and made many valuable suggestions, and Dr. J. A. Wojtaszak, who checked problems of the first chapter. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION: With the increase of size and velocity in modern machines, the analysis of vibration problems becomes more and more important in mechanical engineering design. It is well known that problems of great practical significance, such as the balancing of machines, the torsional vibration of shafts and of geared systems, the vibrations of turbine blades and turbine discs, the whirling of rotating shafts, the vibrations of railway track and bridges under the action of rolling loads, the vibration of foundations, can be thoroughly understood only on the basis of the theory of vibration. Only by using this theory can the most favorable design proportions be found which will remove the working conditions of the machine as far as possible from the critical conditions at which heavy vibrations may occur. In the present book, the fundamentals of the theory of vibration are developed, and their application to the solution of technical problems is illustrated by various examples, taken, in many cases, from actual experience with vibration of machines and structures in service. In developing this book, the author has followed the lectures on vibration given by him to the mechanical engineers of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company during the year 1925, and also certain chapters of his previously published book on the theory of elasticity. The contents of the book in general are as follows The first chapter is devoted to the discussion of harmonic vibrations of systems with one degree of freedom. The general theory of free and forced vibration is discussed, and the application of this theory to balancing machines and vibration-recording instruments is shown...},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {D. Van Nostrand Company},
	author = {Timoshenko, S.},
	month = may,
	year = {1937},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General), Vibration, Mechanics, Applied}
}

@article{demartini_single_2007,
	title = {A single input-single output mass sensor based on a coupled array of microresonators},
	volume = {137},
	shorttitle = {A single input-single output mass sensor based on a coupled array of microresonators},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/DeMartini_sen_act_2007-2432735488/DeMartini_sen_act_2007.pdf},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A},
	author = {DeMartini, B. E. and Rhoads, J. F. and Shaw, S. W. and Turner, K. L.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {147--156},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\8D8KMQRA\\DeMartini_sen_act_2007.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@phdthesis{spletzer_new_2008,
	address = {West Lafayette, IN},
	title = {New {Paradigms} in {Microcantilever}-{Based} {Sensing}},
	shorttitle = {New {Paradigms} in {Microcantilever}-{Based} {Sensing}},
	school = {Purdue University},
	author = {Spletzer, Matthew},
	year = {2008},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\R3NI7HRK\\Spletzer_Thesis_FINAL.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{roveri_vibration_2009,
	title = {Vibration absorption using non-dissipative complex attachments with impacts and parametric stiffness},
	volume = {126},
	shorttitle = {Vibration absorption using non-dissipative complex attachments with impacts and parametric stiffness},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/roveri_jasa_2009_2-1209625088/roveri_jasa_2009_2.pdf},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Roveri, N. and Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A.},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {oscillators, Acoustic resonators, Vibrations},
	pages = {2306--2314},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CPHDS665\\roveri_jasa_2009_2.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{sun_passive_1995,
	title = {Passive, {Adaptive} and {Active} {Tuned} {Vibration} {Absorbers}---{A} {Survey}},
	volume = {117},
	shorttitle = {Passive, {Adaptive} and {Active} {Tuned} {Vibration} {Absorbers}---{A} {Survey}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/sun_ASME_1995-3416752896/sun_ASME_1995.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of vibration and acoustics},
	author = {Sun, J. Q. and Jolly, M. R. and Norris, M. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {234--242},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TCUTTA5N\\sun_ASME_1995.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\5I3TBP3R\\sun_ASME_1995.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{jalili_comparative_2002,
	title = {A {Comparative} {Study} and {Analysis} of {Semi}-{Active} {Vibration}-{Control} {Systems}},
	volume = {124},
	shorttitle = {A {Comparative} {Study} and {Analysis} of {Semi}-{Active} {Vibration}-{Control} {Systems}},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?VAJ/124/593/1},
	journal = {Journal of vibration and acoustics},
	author = {Jalili, Nader},
	year = {2002},
	note = {4},
	keywords = {damping, tuning, vibration control, Vibrations},
	pages = {593--605}
}

@article{kitis_vibration_1983,
	title = {Vibration reduction over a frequency range},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X83903577},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(83)90357-7},
	abstract = {An efficient optimal design algorithm for minimizing the vibratory response of a multi-degree of freedom system under sinusoidal loading over several excitation frequencies is presented. The method is applicable to large scale dynamic systems because it incorporates an effective time-saving reanalysis approach to compute cost function and cost function derivatives. In particular, the efficiency of the method is demonstrated by applying it to the problem of designing two dynamic vibration absorbers simultaneously applied to an undamped cantilever beam.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-07-01},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Kitis, L. and Wang, B.P. and Pilkey, W.D.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1983},
	pages = {559--569},
	file = {1982_Kitis_Vibration_Reduction_Over_Frequency_Range.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\6HQ53XZX\\1982_Kitis_Vibration_Reduction_Over_Frequency_Range.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\I3FMHWX4\\0022460X83903577.html:}
}

@article{thundat_thermal_1994,
	title = {Thermal and ambient-induced deflections of scanning force microscope cantilevers},
	volume = {64},
	shorttitle = {Thermal and ambient-induced deflections of scanning force microscope cantilevers},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Warmack, R. J. and Chen, G. Y. and Allison, D. P.},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {2894--2896},
	file = {thundat_APL_1994_thermal and ambient induced deflections of scanning force microscope cantilevers.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\GF79NB33\\thundat_APL_1994_thermal and ambient induced deflections of scanning force microscope cantilevers.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{fortgang_design_2005,
	title = {Design of {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Step} {Motions} and {Step} {Disturbances}},
	volume = {127},
	shorttitle = {Design of {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Step} {Motions} and {Step} {Disturbances}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/fortgang_ASME_2005-0410081026/fortgang_ASME_2005.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design},
	author = {Fortgang, Joel and Singhose, William},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {160--163},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TT4RJW9G\\fortgang_ASME_2005.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\THFKEJ6S\\fortgang_ASME_2005.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{maidanik_induced_2001,
	title = {Induced damping by a nearly continuous distribution of nearly undamped oscillators: linear analysis},
	volume = {240},
	shorttitle = {Induced damping by a nearly continuous distribution of nearly undamped oscillators: linear analysis},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/maidanik_JSV_2001-0174667524/maidanik_JSV_2001.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Maidanik, G.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {717--731},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TSNWQSV7\\maidanik_JSV_2001.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{pierce_fundamental_1995,
	title = {Fundamental {Structural}-{Acoustic} {Idealizations} for {Structures} with {Fuzzy} {Internals}},
	volume = {117},
	shorttitle = {Fundamental {Structural}-{Acoustic} {Idealizations} for {Structures} with {Fuzzy} {Internals}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/pierce_j_vib&acous_1995-2896817921/pierce_j_vib&acous_1995.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Pierce, A. D. and Sparrow, V. W. and Russell, D. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {339--348},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\QTF6GIRM\\pierce_j_vib&acous_1995.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{carcaterra_pseudo-damping_2007,
	title = {Pseudo-damping in undamped plates and shells},
	volume = {122},
	shorttitle = {Pseudo-damping in undamped plates and shells},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/carcaterra_JAS000683_2007-1569113088/carcaterra_JAS000683_2007.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A. and Lenti, F.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {804--813},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\8SSS6DX6\\carcaterra_JAS000683_2007.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{carcaterra_theoretical_2007,
	title = {Theoretical foundations of apparent-damping phenomena and nearly irreversible energy exchange in linear conservative systems},
	volume = {121},
	shorttitle = {Theoretical foundations of apparent-damping phenomena and nearly irreversible energy exchange in linear conservative systems},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/carcaterra_JAS001971_2007-0680700928/carcaterra_JAS001971_2007.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1971--1982},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\SR66JD9I\\carcaterra_JAS001971_2007.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{strasberg_continuous_1996,
	title = {Continuous structures as ``fuzzy'' substructures},
	volume = {100},
	shorttitle = {Continuous structures as ``fuzzy'' substructures},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/strasberg_jasa_1996-0096515840/strasberg_jasa_1996.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Strasberg, M.},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {3456--3459},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CV9CZH2R\\strasberg_jasa_1996.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@patent{frahm_vibrations_1911,
	title = {Vibrations of {Bodies}},
	url = {http://www.google.com/patents/US989958},
	nationality = {United States},
	number = {989958},
	urldate = {2012-09-18},
	author = {Frahm, Hermann},
	month = apr,
	year = {1911},
	file = {Google Patents PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\53H7VDF5\\Frahm and Frahm - 1911 - Vibrations of Bodies.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{soize_linear_1986,
	title = {Linear dynamic analysis of mechanical systems in the medium frequency range},
	volume = {23},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Computers \& structures},
	author = {Soize, Christian and Hutin, PM and Desanti, A and David, JM and Chabas, F},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {605--637},
	file = {publi-1986-Computers-and-Structures-23_5_605-637-soize-et-al-preprint.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\6JU4KDP8\\publi-1986-Computers-and-Structures-23_5_605-637-soize-et-al-preprint.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{soize_probabilistic_1986,
	title = {Probabilistic structural modeling in linear dynamic analysis of complex mechanical systems, {I} - {Theoretical} elements},
	volume = {5},
	url = {http://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00770388},
	abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a novel theory called the fuzzy structure theory. In a first part, we present theoretical elements of a probabilistic modeling of structural fuzzy in linear dynamic analysis of complex mechanical systems. The structural fuzzy is defined as the set of minor subsystems that are connected to the master structure but are not accessible by classical modeling. We propose a global probabilistic modeling of the structural fuzzy in order to improve the calculated estimates of the MF vibrations into the master structure. The numerical developments and a few examples are presented in part II of this publication.},
	language = {Anglais},
	number = {-},
	urldate = {2014-05-01},
	journal = {La Recherche Aerospatiale (English edition)},
	author = {Soize, C.},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {Pages: 23--48},
	file = {HAL Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\VSG2T4ZC\\hal-00770388.html:text/html;publi-1986-RA-5_23-48-soize-preprint.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\EASUKNV8\\publi-1986-RA-5_23-48-soize-preprint.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{ormondroyd_theory_nodate,
	title = {Theory of the {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorber}},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
	author = {Ormondroyd, J and Hartog, J. P. Den}
}

@article{vignola_optimal_2013,
	title = {Optimal apparent damping as a function of the bandwidth of an array of vibration absorbers},
	volume = {134},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/134/2/10.1121/1.4812777},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4812777},
	abstract = {The transient response of a resonant structure can be altered by the attachment of one or more substantially smaller resonators. Considered here is a coupled array of damped harmonic oscillators whose resonant frequencies are distributed across a frequency band that encompasses the natural frequency of the primary structure. Vibration energy introduced to the primary structure, which has little to no intrinsic damping, is transferred into and trapped by the attached array. It is shown that, when the properties of the array are optimized to reduce the settling time of the primary structure\&apos;s transient response, the apparent damping is approximately proportional to the bandwidth of the array (the span of resonant frequencies of the attached oscillators). Numerical simulations were conducted using an unconstrained nonlinear minimization algorithm to find system parameters that result in the fastest settling time. This minimization was conducted for a range of system characteristics including the overall bandwidth of the array, the ratio of the total array mass to that of the primary structure, and the distributions of mass, stiffness, and damping among the array elements. This paper reports optimal values of these parameters and demonstrates that the resulting minimum settling time decreases with increasing bandwidth.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-01-25},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Vignola, Joseph and Glean, Aldo and Judge, John and Ryan, Teresa},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {oscillators, Coupled oscillators, Energy transfer, Ocean waves, Patents, Spectral properties, Statistical properties, Vibration resonance, Vibrational energy transfer, Acoustic resonators},
	pages = {1067--1070},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\PKGDPMPF\\1.html:text/html;Vignola_optimal_apparent_Q.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\XNM6ZPCI\\1.4812777.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{strasberg_is_1997,
	title = {Is the dissipation induced by Ã¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂ substructures real or apparent?},
	volume = {102},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/102/5/10.1121/1.420618},
	doi = {10.1121/1.420618},
	abstract = {There continues to be confusion whether the dissipation which can be induced in a master structure by a multitude of small attached substructures is Ã¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂrealÃ¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂ or only apparent. It is shown that the dissipation is real during steadyÃ¢ÂÂstate vibration and can cause the master structure to have a larger loss factor than that of the substructures inducing the loss. The dissipation involves the continuous transfer of vibratory power from the master structure to the substructures and its continuous conversion into heat. During transient excitation, however, some of the initial dissipation in the master structure may be only Ã¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂapparent,Ã¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂ involving the storing of some of the transferred power as vibratory energy in the substructures and its cyclical transfer back and forth between master and substructures until eventually dissipated, at a rate which in this case depends on the loss factors of the substructures. Examples of the two cases will be shown.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-11-12},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Strasberg, M.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Energy transfer, Excitation energies},
	pages = {3130--3130},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CGIB47CM\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{maidanik_design_1996,
	title = {Design criteria for the damping effectiveness of structural fuzzies},
	volume = {100},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/100/4/10.1121/1.417912},
	doi = {10.1121/1.417912},
	abstract = {A rudimentary statistical energy analysis (SEA) of a structural fuzzy reveals that an adjunct structure, i.e., the Ã¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂfuzzÃ¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂ in a structural fuzzy, attached to a master structure for the purpose of increasing the loss factor of the union, in the range of frequency of concern, is required to satisfy three design criteria. A brief statement of these design criteria is made. An analytical rendition is also presented to give the statement qualitative definition and assessment. Possible noise control issues impacting the performance of structural fuzzies are raised.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-11-12},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Dickey, J.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {Acoustic noise control, Energy analysis},
	pages = {2029--2033},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\NBKKK6HX\\Maidanik and Dickey - 1996 - Design criteria for the damping effectiveness of s.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\7I5M7TMD\\1.html:text/html}
}

@book{ginsberg_mechanical_2001,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Mechanical and {Structural} {Vibrations}},
	shorttitle = {Mechanical and {Structural} {Vibrations}},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	author = {Ginsberg, J. H.},
	year = {2001}
}

@article{vakakis_inducing_2001,
	title = {Inducing {Passive} {Nonlinear} {Energy} {Sinks} in {Vibrating} {Systems}},
	volume = {123},
	issn = {07393717},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JVACEK/v123/i3/p324/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1115/1.1368883},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Vakakis, A. F.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {324},
	file = {2001_JVA_Ind.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\SSBGJCKJ\\2001_JVA_Ind.pdf:application/pdf;Inducing Passive Nonlinear Energy Sinks in Vibrating Systems:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\8UWIK2EM\\GetabsServlet.html:text/html;Inducing Passive Nonlinear Energy Sinks in Vibrating Systems:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\D57VW42R\\scholar.html:text/html}
}

@article{strasberg_vibration_1996,
	title = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures},
	volume = {99},
	shorttitle = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/strasberg_jasa_1996_1-4123760128/strasberg_jasa_1996_1.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Strasberg, M. and Feit, D.},
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {mechanical vibrations, calculation methods, effective mass, MECHANICAL STRUCTURES, acoustic resonance, Damping},
	pages = {335--344},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\2TB9UW4S\\strasberg_jasa_1996_1.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\4D2W6EXS\\p335_s1.html:text/html}
}

@article{lang_chemical_1998,
	title = {A chemical sensor based on a micromechanical cantilever array for the identification of gases and vapors},
	volume = {67},
	shorttitle = {A chemical sensor based on a micromechanical cantilever array for the identification of gases and vapors},
	journal = {Applied Physics A: Materials Science \& Processing},
	author = {Lang, H. and Berger, R. and Battiston, F. and Ramseyer, J. and Meyer, E. and Andreoli, C. and Brugger, J. and Vettiger, P. and Despont, M. and Mezzacasa, T. and Scandella, L. and Guntherodt, H. and Gerber, C. and Gimzewski, J.},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {PACS: 07.10.Cm; 07.79.-v; 85.42},
	pages = {S61--s64},
	file = {/home/journal/dvi/APASTM97-028-final.dvi - 143-1998 Applied Physics A.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\EFEGE4IU\\143-1998 Applied Physics A.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\5S4WAEV2\\Lang et al. - 1998 - A chemical sensor based on a micromechanical canti.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\AJP3GVNH\\10.html:text/html}
}

@article{nagem_vibration_1998,
	title = {Vibration {Damping} by a {Continuous} {Distribution} of {Undamped} {Oscillators}},
	volume = {207},
	shorttitle = {Vibration {Damping} by a {Continuous} {Distribution} of {Undamped} {Oscillators}},
	journal = {J. Sound Vib.},
	author = {Nagem, R. J. and Veljkovic, I. and Sandri, G.},
	year = {1998},
	note = {3},
	pages = {429--434},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\DNKV58M9\\Nagem et al. - 1997 - VIBRATION DAMPING BY A CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTION OF .pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\4Z39P8M6\\S0022460X97911627.html:text/html}
}

@article{lang_cantilever_2005,
	title = {Cantilever array sensors},
	volume = {8},
	shorttitle = {Cantilever array sensors},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/lang_materials_2005-2272349954/lang_materials_2005.pdf},
	journal = {Materials Today},
	author = {Lang, Hans Peter and Hegner, Martin and Gerber, Christoph},
	year = {2005},
	note = {4},
	pages = {30--36},
	file = {Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\7WUN7279\\lang_materials_2005.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\4E9XTIG8\\Lang et al. - 2005 - Cantilever array sensors.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\VBHNFWBT\\Lang et al. - 2005 - Cantilever array sensors.html:text/html}
}

@article{didomenico_passive_1994,
	title = {Passive vibration tuning with neural networks},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.174093},
	doi = {10.1117/12.174093},
	abstract = {Neural network control of flexible structures demonstrates better settling time and energy dissipation than linear design methods. Optimal tuning of passive vibration absorbers for reduced order control is examined using linear and non-linear cases. Quasi-Newton (BFGS) and simplex optimization methods improved the Den Hartog parameters where unsupervised LMS or backpropagation techniques were unstable. Lessons on unsupervised training for dynamic system control are illustrated by examining convergence to the solution in `error space' (parameters vs. cost). Spring stiffness and passive damping of a reaction mass actuator (RMA) are `tuned' for best disturbance rejection using total energy as a cost function. A single neuron using two weights (one for damping and the other for the spring coefficient) improved beam energy over the Den Hartog parameters for the linear bi-modal case. The non-linear case demonstrates even better performance. A multiple layer network is then demonstrated for both the linear and non-linear cases. Optimization techniques improved linear system parameters when initiated at the linear solutions. Lab data for the linear single neuron case validates model fidelity.},
	urldate = {2013-03-02},
	author = {DiDomenico, Eric D.},
	month = may,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {152--162},
	file = {1994_DiDomenico_Passive vibration tuning with neural networks.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\89TMHUNT\\1994_DiDomenico_Passive vibration tuning with neural networks.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{barez_longitudinal_1980,
	title = {Longitudinal wave propagation in axisymmetric structures with material and/or aereal discontinuity},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0014-4851, 1741-2765},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02321119},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02321119},
	abstract = {For the purpose of delineating the applicability of simple uniaxial wave-propagation theory to a class of axisymmetric structures, an experimental and a two-dimensional numerical investigation involving the transmission of longitudinal waves produced by impact of steel spheres was conducted. The axisymmetric samples were fabricated by cementing together two components of equal length; the constituents were either uniform circular bars or tubes of aluminum or steel of different diameters that produced a target either with an abrupt discontinuity or a continuous lateral surface at the center. The principal tests involved pulse durations of about 50 ÃÂ¼s corresponding to a minimum pulse length-to-bar diameter ratio of 6.7 where the transmitted and reflected stress ratios obtained from surface strain-gage measurement were generally found to be predicted by elementary bar theory within experimental error no larger than ÃÂ±3 percent. Much poorer correlation in these values was obtained for tests involving pulses of substantially shorter duration; here, the dispersive effects capable of being predicted only by higher-order theories were prominently manifested. A two-dimensional analysis for a few configurations was executed using a finite-element procedure and compared with the predictions from elementary theory and with test results; for the 30-ÃÂ¼s pulse duration employed, this calculation provided no improvement relative to elementary theory for the predictions of strain histories at stations even only slightly removed from the discontinuity. Both measurement and the results of the two-dimensional calculations indicated that stress uniformity across the section was achieved at stations as close as two bar diameters from the discontinuity for pulse durations ranging from 25 to 50 ÃÂ¼s.},
	language = {en},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2014-08-19},
	journal = {Experimental Mechanics},
	author = {Barez, F. and Goldsmith, W. and Sackman, J. L.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1980},
	keywords = {Characterization and Evaluation Materials, Engineering Design, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Mechanical Engineering, Structural Mechanics, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics},
	pages = {325--333},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\7ZWGR5EP\\10.html:text/html}
}

@article{courant_propagation_1956,
	title = {{THE} {PROPAGATION} {OF} {DISCONTINUITIES} {IN} {WAVE} {MOTION}*Ã¢ÂÂ },
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528355/},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2014-08-19},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	author = {Courant, R. and Lax, P. D.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1956},
	pmid = {16589962},
	pmcid = {PMC528355},
	pages = {872--876},
	file = {PubMed Central Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\EZRK8V5A\\Courant and Lax - 1956 - THE PROPAGATION OF DISCONTINUITIES IN WAVE MOTION.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{park_method_2012,
	title = {A method for computation of discontinuous wave propagation in heterogeneous solids: basic algorithm description and application to one-dimensional problems},
	volume = {91},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 2012 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1097-0207},
	shorttitle = {A method for computation of discontinuous wave propagation in heterogeneous solids},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nme.4285/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/nme.4285},
	abstract = {An explicit integration algorithm for computations of discontinuous wave propagation in heterogeneous solids is presented, which is aimed at minimizing spurious oscillations when the wave fronts pass through several zones of different wave speeds. The essence of the present method is a combination of two wave capturing characteristics: a new integration formula that is obtained by pushforwardÃ¢ÂÂpullback operations in time designed to filter post-shock oscillations, and the central difference method that intrinsically filters front-shock oscillations. It is shown that a judicious combination of these two characteristics substantially reduces both spurious front-shock and post-shock oscillations. The performance of the new method is demonstrated as applied to wave propagation through a uniform bar with varying courant numbers, then to heterogeneous bars. Copyright ÃÂ© 2012 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2014-08-19},
	journal = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering},
	author = {Park, K. C. and Lim, S. J and Huh, H.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {explicit integrator, heterogeneous bar, minimal spurious oscillations, propagation of stress waves},
	pages = {622--643},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\IIAJCX8S\\Park et al. - 2012 - A method for computation of discontinuous wave pro.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\5HQXED8R\\abstract.html:text/html}
}

@article{photiadis_effect_2014,
	title = {The effect of elastic point contact and mechanical resonators},
	abstract = {We present a novel analytical treatment of nearfield elasticity effects in mechanical resonator  systems, which shows that local strain fields near a point contact can be accounted for by introducing a spring-like contact impedance at appropriate interfaces. We demonstrate via experiment that such effects can cause significant shifts in resonant frequency, and predict that the local displacements give rise to an additional dissipation mechanism which can be significant. The mathematical expressions we obtain are simple enough as to be easily included in traditional engineering models that are typically used to approximate the results one would obtain via true three-dimensional elasticity theory calculations. The effects we describe are scale invariant; we briefly discuss potentially relevant biological, nanomechanical, and large-scale systems.},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Photiadis, D. M and Zalalutdinov, M. and Goldstein, D. J.},
	year = {2014},
	file = {ProofMS-1.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\JIRTIFRR\\ProofMS-1.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{cha_general_2005,
	title = {A general approach to formulating the frequency equation for a beam carrying miscellaneous attachments},
	volume = {286},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X04008272},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsv.2004.10.012},
	abstract = {Beams carrying various lumped attachments have been studied extensively over the years. In this paper, a simple approach is proposed that can be used to readily determine the eigenvalues of an arbitrarily supported single-span or multi-span beam carrying any combination of lumped mass, rotary inertia, grounded translational or torsional spring, grounded translational or torsional viscous damper, an undamped or damped oscillator with or without a rigid body degree of freedom. Rather than solving a generalized eigenvalue problem to obtain the eigenvalues of the system, a frequency equation is formulated instead whose solution can be easily solved either numerically or graphically. The proposed scheme is easy to code, and can be easily modified to accommodate beams with arbitrary supports and carrying any number of miscellaneous lumped attachments.},
	number = {4Ã¢ÂÂ5},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Cha, Philip D.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {921--939},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\A73RCKQ6\\Cha - 2005 - A general approach to formulating the frequency eq.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\B32CP9WI\\S0022460X04008272.html:text/html}
}

@article{wu_natural_1999,
	title = {{THE} {NATURAL} {FREQUENCIES} {AND} {MODE} {SHAPES} {OF} {A} {UNIFORM} {CANTILEVER} {BEAM} {WITH} {MULTIPLE} {TWO}-{DOF} {SPRING}Ã¢ÂÂ{MASS} {SYSTEMS}},
	volume = {227},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X99923246},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1999.2324},
	abstract = {Because of the complexity of the mathematical expressions, the literature concerning the free vibration analysis of a uniform beam carrying a Ã¢ÂÂsingleÃ¢ÂÂ two degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f.) springÃ¢ÂÂmass system is rare and the publications relating to that carrying Ã¢ÂÂmultipleÃ¢ÂÂ two-d.o.f. springÃ¢ÂÂmass systems have not yet appeared. Hence the purpose of this paper is to present some information in this area. First of all, the closed form solution for the natural frequencies and the corresponding normal mode shapes of the uniform beam alone (or the Ã¢ÂÂbareÃ¢ÂÂ beam) with the prescribed boundary conditions are determined analytically. Next, a method is presented to replace each two-d.o.f. springÃ¢ÂÂmass system by two massless equivalent springs with spring constants k(v)eq,iandk(v)eq,k , and then the foregoing natural frequencies and normal mode shapes for theÃ¢ÂÂbareÃ¢ÂÂ beam are in turn used to derive the equation of motion of the Ã¢ÂÂloadingÃ¢ÂÂ beam (i.e., the bare beam carrying any number of two-d.o.f. springÃ¢ÂÂmass systems) by using the expansion theorem. Finally, the natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of theÃ¢ÂÂloadingÃ¢ÂÂ beam are obtained from the last equation by using the numerical method. To confirm the reliability of the present method, all the numerical results obtained in this paper are compared with the corresponding ones obtained from the conventional finite element method (FEM) and good agreement is achieved. Because the order of the property matrices for the equation of motion of theÃ¢ÂÂloadingÃ¢ÂÂ beam derived from the present method is much lower than that derived from the FEM, the computer time required by the former is much less than that required by the latter. Besides, the equation of motion derived from the present method may always run on the cheaper personal computers, but that from the FEM may run only on the more expensive larger computers if the degree of freedom of the loading beam exceeds a certain limit.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {WU, J. -J. and WHITTAKER, A. R.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1999},
	pages = {361--381},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\R486GGKT\\WU and WHITTAKER - 1999 - THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES AND MODE SHAPES OF A UNIFO.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\PICSKZGK\\S0022460X99923246.html:text/html}
}

@article{nicholson_vibration_1986,
	title = {Vibration of {Damped} {Plate}Ã¢ÂÂ{Oscillator} {Systems}},
	volume = {112},
	issn = {0733-9399},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1986)112:1(14)},
	doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1986)112:1(14)},
	abstract = {A classical method for obtaining the exact natural frequencies, natural modes, orthogonality relation and response due to arbitrary loading of undamped beamÃ¢ÂÂoscillator systems presented earlier by the writers is extended to viscously damped plateÃ¢ÂÂoscillator systems. The natural modes are expressed in terms of the Green's function for the vibrating plate. Damping is present in both the plate and oscillators. Modal analysis allows the determination of a closed form expression for the system response to arbitrary loading. Oscillators attached to a simply supported rectangular plate have been considered, but the method is applicable to any plateÃ¢ÂÂoscillator system, provided the Green's function for the undamped vibrating plate is known. An example involving a single oscillator attached to the plate shows the natural frequencies, natural modes and response due to two special types of loading.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	author = {Nicholson, J. and Bergman, L.},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {14--30},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\US22NCM7\\(ASCE)0733-9399(1986)1121(14).html:text/html}
}

@article{dowell_free_1971,
	title = {Free {Vibrations} of a {Linear} {Structure} {With} {Arbitrary} {Support} {Conditions}},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {0021-8936},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3408860},
	doi = {10.1115/1.3408860},
	abstract = {A method for the analysis of the free vibrations of a linear structure supported in an arbitrary way is presented based upon the use of the normal modes of the unsupported or unconstrained structure in a Rayleigh-Ritz analysis with the support or constraint conditions enforced by means of Lagrange multipliers. The advantages of such a procedure over more conventional methods are discussed.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	author = {Dowell, E. H.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1971},
	pages = {595--600}
}

@article{hallquist_linear_1973,
	title = {Linear {Damped} {Vibratory} {Structures} {With} {Arbitrary} {Support} {Conditions}},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {0021-8936},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3422956},
	doi = {10.1115/1.3422956},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	author = {Hallquist, J. and Snyder, V. W.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1973},
	pages = {312--313}
}

@article{das_vibrations_1963,
	title = {Vibrations of a {Rectangular} {Plate} {With} {Concentrated} {Mass}, {Spring}, and {Dashpot}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {0021-8936},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3630102},
	doi = {10.1115/1.3630102},
	abstract = {An analytical method, developed by Young [1], is here extended to the determination of the natural frequencies of a composite system which consists of an isotropic rectangular plate with a concentrated mass, spring, and dashpot attached at any point of the plate. This method makes use of a double series expansion in terms of two sets of orthogonal functions which represent the normal modes of the vibration of the plate alone. Numerical examples for a square plate with (a) a combined concentrated mass and spring, (b) two concentrated masses, and (c) an attached dashpot have been presented.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	author = {Das, Y. C. and Navaratna, D. R.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1963},
	pages = {31--36}
}

@article{kukla_free_1994,
	title = {Free {Vibrations} {Of} {Beams} {With} {Elastically} {Mounted} {Masses}},
	volume = {175},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X84713459},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1994.1345},
	abstract = {The problem of free transverse vibrations of beams with many elastically mounted masses is considered. Closed form expressions of the equations for the natural frequencies are obtained by means of the Green function method. The solution contains all possible combinations of classical end conditions of the beam. Numerical examples show the influence of the attached masses on the frequencies of the system. They also show the existence of additional frequencies of the system considered, compared to those of the beam without masses attached.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Kukla, S. and Posiadala, B.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {557--564},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\JFZSEED8\\Kukla and Posiadala - 1994 - Free Vibrations Of Beams With Elastically Mounted .pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MZS7J9S7\\S0022460X84713459.html:text/html}
}

@article{gurgoze_eigenfrequencies_1996,
	title = {{ON} {THE} {EIGENFREQUENCIES} {OF} {A} {CANTILEVER} {BEAM} {WITH} {ATTACHED} {TIP} {MASS} {AND} {A} {SPRING}-{MASS} {SYSTEM}},
	volume = {190},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X9690053X},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1996.0053},
	abstract = {This paper deals with the derivation of the frequency equation of a special combined dynamic system. It consists of a clamped-free Bernoulli-Euler beam with a tip mass where a spring-mass system is attached to it. The derivation of the frequency equation is essentially carried out by means of the Lagrange multipliers method. Frequency equations of some simpler systems are also obtained from the general expression by using limiting processes. These equations are then numerically solved for various combinations of physical parameters. The comparison with the results from the solution of the corresponding Bernoulli-Euler frequency equations shows that the frequency equations established are very accurate.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {GÃÂ¼rgÃÂ¶ze, M.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1996},
	pages = {149--162},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\KS4C24PA\\GÃÂ¼rgÃÂ¶ze - 1996 - ON THE EIGENFREQUENCIES OF A CANTILEVER BEAM WITH .pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\8MJX7EGG\\S0022460X9690053X.html:text/html}
}

@article{ercoli_analytical_1987,
	title = {Analytical and experimental investigation on continuous beams carrying elastically mounted masses},
	volume = {114},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X87800214},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-460X(87)80021-4},
	abstract = {This paper deals with an extension of Jacquot's method to continuous beams, cases of structural elements carrying concentrated masses elastically attached to a beam, etc. Independent solutions have also been obtained by different variational approaches and it is indicated that this procedure is ideal from a practical engineering viewpoint since additional complexities, such as variable moments of inertia, can be tackled in a straightforward fashion. An experimental investigation was also performed to provide comparisons of the results for some of the geometric and/or mechanical parameters considered in the analytical development.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Ercoli, L. and Laura, P. A. A.},
	month = may,
	year = {1987},
	pages = {519--533},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\UI2AQZ5W\\Ercoli and Laura - 1987 - Analytical and experimental investigation on conti.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MIC6R7V2\\S0022460X87800214.html:text/html}
}

@article{naify_acoustic_2011,
	title = {Acoustic analysis of honeycomb sandwich structures with perforated septa and membraneÃ¢ÂÂtype acoustic metamaterials.},
	volume = {129},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/129/4/10.1121/1.3587886},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3587886},
	abstract = {Composite structures, which are commonly used in aerospace applications due to their high strength and low weight, tend to exhibit poor acoustic properties. Sandwich structures are constructed of a lowÃ¢ÂÂdensity core adhered to two thin stiff facesheets. One common assembly for sandwich panels is a divided honeycomb core made of either paraÃ¢ÂÂaramid paper or aluminum with fiberÃ¢ÂÂreinforced composite facesheets. Typical acoustic treatments for composite sandwich structures have included the addition of foams and fibers to either the exterior of the structure or inside the core. In addition, a currently implemented treatment involves the insertion of perforated septa to the midplane of the honeycomb core, though this methodÃ¢ÂÂs effectiveness has not been established. MembraneÃ¢ÂÂtype acoustic metamaterials have been shown to increase transmission loss (TL) by up to 500\% over the acoustic mass law, with multiple TL peaks achieved in a multiÃ¢ÂÂcelled array. In this study, experimentally obtained TL behavior of a sandwich panel with a perforated midÃ¢ÂÂcore septa is compared to a panel with a midÃ¢ÂÂcore layer made of the membraneÃ¢ÂÂtype metamaterial.FEA generated predictions were used to validate the experimental data.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Naify, Christina J. and Chang, Chia-Ming and McKnight, Geoffery and Nutt, Steven},
	month = apr,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Acoustic noise control, Acoustic analysis, Aluminium, Acoustical properties},
	pages = {2417--2417},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\5AVKR558\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{naify_transmission_2010,
	title = {Transmission loss and dynamic response of membrane-type locally resonant acoustic metamaterials},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/108/11/10.1063/1.3514082},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3514082},
	abstract = {Membrane-type acoustic metamaterials were fabricated, characterized, and analyzed to understand their acoustic response. Thin plates which obey the acoustic mass law have low transmission loss (TL) at low frequencies. Acoustic metamaterials with negative dynamic mass density have been shown to demonstrate a significant (5ÃÂ) increase in TL over mass law predictions for a narrow band (100 Hz) at low frequencies (100Ã¢ÂÂ1000 Hz). The peak TL frequency can be tuned to specific values by varying the membrane and mass properties. In this work, TL magnitude as a function of frequency was measured for variations in the mass magnitude and membrane tension using an impedance tube setup. The dynamic properties of membranes constructed from different materials were measured and compared to the results of coupled field acoustic-structural finite element analysis modeling to understand the role of tension and element quality factor. To better comprehend the mechanism(s) responsible for the TL peak, a laser vibrometer was used to map the out-of-plane dynamic response of the structure under acoustic loading at discrete frequencies. Negative dynamic mass was experimentally demonstrated at the peak TL frequency.},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Naify, Christina J. and Chang, Chia-Ming and McKnight, Geoffrey and Nutt, Steven},
	month = dec,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Field emitters, acoustic waves, Sound pressure, Acceleration measurement},
	pages = {114905},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\KMBKNT4T\\Naify et al. - 2010 - Transmission loss and dynamic response of membrane.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\FZKK9W99\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{layman_highly_2013,
	title = {Highly {Anisotropic} {Elements} for {Acoustic} {Pentamode} {Applications}},
	volume = {111},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.024302},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.024302},
	abstract = {Pentamode metamaterials are a class of acoustic metafluids that are characterized by a divergence free modified stress tensor. Such materials have an unconventional anisotropic stiffness and isotropic mass density, which allow themselves to mimic other fluid domains. Here we present a pentamode design formed by an oblique honeycomb lattice and producing customizable anisotropic properties. It is shown that anisotropy in the stiffness can exceed 3 orders of magnitude, and that it can be realistically tailored for transformation acoustic applications.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Layman, Christopher N. and Naify, Christina J. and Martin, Theodore P. and Calvo, David C. and Orris, Gregory J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {024302},
	file = {APS Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\P4FFKN5S\\PhysRevLett.111.html:text/html;Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\KCV39DK8\\Layman et al. - 2013 - Highly Anisotropic Elements for Acoustic Pentamode.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{naify_membrane-type_2011,
	title = {Membrane-type metamaterials: {Transmission} loss of multi-celled arrays},
	volume = {109},
	issn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},
	shorttitle = {Membrane-type metamaterials},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/109/10/10.1063/1.3583656},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3583656},
	abstract = {Acoustic metamaterials with negative dynamic mass density have been shown to demonstrate a five-fold increase in transmission loss (TL) over mass law predictions for a narrowband (100 Hz) at low frequencies (100Ã¢ÂÂ1000 Hz). The present work focuses on the scale-up of this effect by examining the behavior of multiple elements arranged in arrays. Single membranes were stretched over rigid frame supports and masses were attached to the center of each divided cell. The TL behavior was measured for multiple configurations with different magnitudes of mass distributed across each of the cell membranes in the array resulting in a multipeak TL profile. To better understand scale-up issues, the effect of the frame structure compliance was evaluated, and more compliant frames resulted in a reduction in the TL peak frequency bandwidth. In addition, displacement measurements of frames and membranes were performed using a laser vibrometer. Finally, the measured TL of the multi-celled structure was compared with the TL behavior predicted by finite element analysis to understand the role of nonuniform mass distribution and frame compliance.},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Naify, Christina J. and Chang, Chia-Ming and McKnight, Geoffrey and Scheulen, Florian and Nutt, Steven},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Cell membranes, Field emitters, acoustic resonance, Aluminium, Composite materials},
	pages = {104902},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\D5B6PXUW\\Naify et al. - 2011 - Membrane-type metamaterials Transmission loss of .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\DZU5H93C\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{naify_transmission_2011,
	title = {Transmission loss of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials with coaxial ring masses},
	volume = {110},
	issn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/110/12/10.1063/1.3665213},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3665213},
	abstract = {Transmission loss (TL) of membrane-type locally resonant acoustic metamaterials (LRAMs) with added ring masses was analyzed using both finite element analysis and experimental techniques. LRAM structures traditionally display high TL (over 40 db) over a narrow frequency band. TL peak frequency in membrane-type LRAMs is tuned by variations in mass and membraneproperties, with the objective of increasing the breadth of the TL peak. The addition of a ring mass to the structure either increased the bandwidth of the TL peak or introduced multiple peaks, depending on the number of rings, the distribution of mass between the center and ring masses, and radii of the rings. The addition of ring mass increased the TL frequency bandwidth by up to 360\% (at a sound level 30 dB) compared to a structure of equivalent overall weight with only a central mass. Finite element analysis was used to predict TL behavior of several ring configurations, and TL for these configurations was measured to validate the model predictions. Finally, finite element analysis was used to predict the mode shapes of the structure under single-frequency excitation to understand the mechanisms responsible for the TL peaks.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Naify, Christina J. and Chang, Chia-Ming and McKnight, Geoffrey and Nutt, Steven},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Cell membranes, Field emitters, Finite element methods, Materials properties, acoustic resonance},
	pages = {124903},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\QZNUQEJU\\Naify et al. - 2011 - Transmission loss of membrane-type acoustic metama.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\BHA5HPE3\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{balachandran_mechanical_1999,
	title = {A mechanical filter concept for control of a non-linear crane-load oscillator},
	volume = {228},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	shorttitle = {A {MECHANICAL} {FILTER} {CONCEPT} {FOR} {CONTROL} {OF} {NON}-{LINEAR} {CRANE}-{LOAD} {OSCILLATIONS}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WM3-45FKWRM-1Y/2/eba23f97db2357f1c0efefc57f397599},
	doi = {DOI: 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2440},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Balachandran, B. and Li, Y. Y. and Fang, C. C.},
	year = {1999},
	note = {3},
	pages = {651--682}
}

@inproceedings{fuller_advanced_nodate,
	address = {Adelaide, Australia},
	title = {Advanced {Passive} {Treatment} of {Low} {Frequency} {Sound} and {Vibration}},
	abstract = {It is well known that standard poroelastic materials and viscoelastic damping materials are ineffective at reducing low
frequency sound and vibration. This paper overviews two new treatments developed at Virginia Tech which attempt to
address this problem. HG material consists of poroelastic material with embedded multiple small masses. The masses
combine with the natural elasticity of the poroelastic material matrix to create multiple embedded vibration absorbers with
a range of tune frequencies in the low frequency region. The embedded masses are found to significantly increase the low
frequency transmission loss and absorption of the poroelastic material. DVAs are vibration absorbers whose active mass
and spring are spread over a large area while still maintaining a viable reactive damping effect at low frequencies. DVAs
are found to provide global reduction of low frequency vibration of structures in a compact, lightweight configuration.
DVAs are also observed to provide mid to high frequency damping most likely to air squeeze damping effects. The paper
will overview the concepts, development and testing of both devices. Applications of the new treatments to realistic
structures will be considered.},
	booktitle = {Acoustics 2009},
	author = {Fuller, C.R. and Harne, R.L.},
	file = {p64.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\W5KES2EH\\p64.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{bowles_relative_1994,
	title = {Relative abundance and behavior of marine mammals exposed to transmissions from the {Heard} {Island} {Feasibility} {Test}},
	volume = {96},
	doi = {10.1121/1.410120},
	abstract = {The Heard Island Feasibility Test source transmitted a hum at 209Ã¢ÂÂ220 dB re: 1 ÃÂ¼Pa at 175Ã¢ÂÂm depth, centered on 57 Hz with a maximum bandwidth of 30 Hz for 1 h of every 3. Experienced marine mammal observers conducted lineÃ¢ÂÂtransect surveys and monitored marine mammal behavior visually and acoustically in a 70ÃÂ70 km square centered on the transmission site. ThirtyÃ¢ÂÂnine groups of cetaceans and 19 of pinnipeds were sighted from both vessels before the start of transmissions. ThirtyÃ¢ÂÂnine groups of cetaceans and 23 of pinnipeds were sighted during transmissions. Blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales were sighted during the base line period; blue, sperm, and possibly sei (B. borealis) whales were sighted during the transmission period. More schools of hourglass dolphins (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) were sighted during transmissions, but fewer groups of pilot whales (Globicephala melas), southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons), and minke whales (B. acutorostrata). The density of all cetaceans was 0.0157 groups/km2 before the transmissions and 0.0166 groups/km2 during. Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were seen, but not in sufficient numbers to estimate abundance. One blue whale tracked before, during and after a transmission changed respiration and reorientation rates, but did not avoid the source detectably. Sperm whales and pilot whales were heard in 23\% of 1181 min of baseline acoustic surveys; but in none of 1939 min during the transmission period. Both species were heard within 48 h after the end of the test.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Bowles, Ann E. and Smultea, Mari and WÃÂ¼rsig, Bernd and DeMaster, Douglas P. and Palka, Debra},
	year = {1994},
	keywords = {environmental exposure, environmental impacts, hz range, indian ocean, mammals, Behavior, sound waves, acoustic measurements},
	pages = {2469--2484},
	file = {Bowles et al_ 1994.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\6J9CCEFB\\Bowles et al_ 1994.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\8CFBJB2T\\p2469_s1.html:text/html}
}

@article{chandra_evolution_2012,
	title = {Evolution of blast wave profiles in simulated air blasts: experiment and computational modeling},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0938-1287, 1432-2153},
	shorttitle = {Evolution of blast wave profiles in simulated air blasts},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00193-012-0399-2},
	doi = {10.1007/s00193-012-0399-2},
	abstract = {Shock tubes have been extensively used in the study of blast traumatic brain injury due to increased incidence of blast-induced neurotrauma in Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. One of the important aspects in these studies is how to best replicate the field conditions in the laboratory which relies on reproducing blast wave profiles. Evolution of the blast wave profiles along the length of the compression-driven air shock tube is studied using experiments and numerical simulations with emphasis on the shape and magnitude of pressure time profiles. In order to measure dynamic pressures of the blast, a series of sensors are mounted on a cylindrical specimen normal to the flow direction. Our results indicate that the blast wave loading is significantly different for locations inside and outside of the shock tube. Pressure profiles inside the shock tube follow the Friedlander waveform fairly well. Upon approaching exit of the shock tube, an expansion wave released from the shock tube edges significantly degrades the pressure profiles. For tests outside the shock tube, peak pressure and total impulse reduce drastically as we move away from the exit and majority of loading is in the form of subsonic jet wind. In addition, the planarity of the blast wave degrades as blast wave evolves three dimensionally. Numerical results visually and quantitatively confirm the presence of vortices, jet wind and three-dimensional expansion of the planar blast wave near the exit. Pressure profiles at 90ÃÂ° orientation show flow separation. When cylinder is placed inside, this flow separation is not sustained, but when placed outside the shock tube this flow separation is sustained which causes tensile loading on the sides of the cylinder. Friedlander waves formed due to field explosives in the intermediate-to far-field ranges are replicated in a narrow test region located deep inside the shock tube.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2016-01-28},
	journal = {Shock Waves},
	author = {Chandra, N. and Ganpule, S. and Kleinschmit, N. N. and Feng, R. and Holmberg, A. D. and Sundaramurthy, A. and Selvan, V. and Alai, A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {shock tube, Acoustics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Blast wave, Condensed Matter Physics, Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Expansion, Experiments, Fluid- and Aerodynamics, Jet wind, Numerical simulations, Pressure profiles, TBI, thermodynamics},
	pages = {403--415},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\47HNB72D\\Chandra et al. - 2012 - Evolution of blast wave profiles in simulated air .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\U4GEAG37\\s00193-012-0399-2.html:text/html}
}

@article{vignola_architectural_2008,
	title = {Architectural considerations of micro- and nanoresonators for mass detection in the presence of a fluid},
	volume = {104},
	issn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/104/12/10.1063/1.3043645},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3043645},
	abstract = {The sensitivity of various microscale and nanoscale resonator platforms, for use as mass sensors for detection of chemical or biological agents in air or water, is examined in terms of architectural considerations, including shape, scale, vibration mode, and fluid environment. Simple models for estimating damping due to various sources are used to calculate Q for several resonator designs: cantilevers and doubly fixed beams in flexure and extensional bar and disk resonators. The scaling of various contributions to Q is discussed, and the effects of support loss and fluid loss are compared as a function of aspect ratio for beam resonators. The minimum detectable mass is estimated for each of the four resonator designs, both for the case in which additional mass adsorbs uniformly over the resonator surface and the case in which functionalization of the surface is limited in order to maximize sensitivity and minimize added dissipation. The mass sensitivity is best for resonators undergoing extensional motion and worst for flexural devices with high length-to-thickness ratio. The minimum detectable mass is shown to be proportional to scale to the power of 1.75 for microresonator scenarios in which resonator quality factor is limited by viscous damping and proportional to scale squared when the resonator is sufficiently small that continuum fluid models are inappropriate and quality factor is limited by dissipation via momentum transfer to individual fluid molecules.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2015-05-28},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Vignola, Joseph F. and Judge, John A.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Vibration resonance, acoustic resonance, Viscosity, Microelectromechanical systems, Thin film devices},
	pages = {124305},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\URSNXWPF\\Vignola and Judge - 2008 - Architectural considerations of micro- and nanores.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MRSNKPD4\\1.html:text/html;Vignola_Architectural_considerations.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\8BBCANWQ\\Vignola_Architectural_considerations.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{strasberg_vibration_1996-1,
	title = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures},
	volume = {99},
	shorttitle = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Strasberg, Murray and Feit, David},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {335--344},
	file = {JAS000335.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\36PK6QWE\\JAS000335.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@phdthesis{vachon_signature_2015,
	title = {Signature redacted},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4414/893b79540c77eede7b1328f174ced2e40b44.pdf},
	urldate = {2017-01-05},
	school = {MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY},
	author = {Vachon, Maryse},
	year = {2015},
	file = {926719818-MIT.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\HR9DSERC\\926719818-MIT.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{davis_actively_2000,
	title = {An {Actively} {Tuned} {Solid}-{State}  {Vibration} {Absorber} {Using} {Capacitive} {Shunting} of {Piezoelectric} {Stiffness}},
	volume = {232},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X99927554},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1999.2755},
	abstract = {A tunable solid-state piezoelectric vibration absorber and an active tuning method were developed and demonstrated. A passive vibration absorber generally acts to minimize structural vibration at a specific frequency associated with either a tonal disturbance or a lightly damped structural vibration mode. Because this frequency is rarely stationary in real applications, damping is usually added to ensure some level of effectiveness over a range of frequencies. Maximum response reductions, however, are achieved only if the absorber is lightly damped and accurately tuned to the frequency of concern. Thus, an actively tuned vibration absorber should perform better than a passive one and, furthermore, could be made lighter. In its simplest form, a vibration absorber consists of a springÃ¢ÂÂmass combination. A key feature of the tunable vibration absorber described herein is the use of piezoelectric ceramic elements as part of the device stiffness. The effective stiffnesses of these elements were adjusted electrically, using a passive capacitive shunt circuit, to tune the resonance frequency of the device. The tuning range of the absorber is thus bounded by its short- and open-circuit resonance frequencies. An alternative tuning approach might employ resistive shunting, but this would introduce undesirable damping. Another feature of the device is the ability to use the piezoelectric elements as sensors. A control scheme was developed to estimate the desired tuning frequency from the sensor signals, to determine the appropriate shunt capacitance, and then to provide it. The shunt circuit itself was implemented in 10 discrete steps over the tuning range, using a relay-driven parallel capacitor ladder circuit. Experimental results showed a 20 dB maximum, and a 10 dB average improvement in vibration reduction across the tuning range, as compared to a pure passive absorber tuned to the center frequency, with additional benefit extending beyond the tuning range.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Davis, Chrustopher L. and Lesieurte, George A.},
	month = may,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {601--617},
	file = {Davis2000JSV.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CV28SQPK\\Davis2000JSV.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{ryan_cultivating_2016,
	title = {Cultivating successful undergraduate research by cognitive apprenticeship: {A} case study},
	volume = {139},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	shorttitle = {Cultivating successful undergraduate research by cognitive apprenticeship},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/139/4/10.1121/1.4950005},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4950005},
	abstract = {A common challenge in academic research is finding a meaningful and productive way to involve undergraduate students in substantive research activities. The Department of Engineering at East Carolina University offers a general Engineeringundergraduate degree, and matriculated its first small group of graduate students into a MasterÃ¢ÂÂs program in Biomedical Engineering in Fall of 2014. With few masterÃ¢ÂÂs students and no doctoral program, our undergraduate students are often given the opportunity to play a role in research that is more typically expected of a traditional graduate research assistant. This fact presents both great opportunity and unique challenges. This work presents the framework for a case study in cognitive apprenticeship that will take place over the next four years. The group of students includes all class levels, from freshmen to seniors. In addition, implementation of a hive or collaborative approach for introducing undergraduate students to advanced technical literature is described.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2016-09-05},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Ryan, Teresa J.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2033--2033},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\2JF7A7B9\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{yang_acoustic_2010,
	title = {Acoustic metamaterial panels for sound attenuation in the 50Ã¢ÂÂ1000 {Hz} regime},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/96/4/10.1063/1.3299007},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3299007},
	abstract = {We show experimentally that thin membrane-type acoustic metamaterials can serve as a total reflection nodal surface at certain frequencies. The small decay length of the evanescent waves at these frequencies implies that several membrane panels can be stacked to achieve broad-frequency effectiveness. We report the realization of acoustic metamaterial panels with thickness Ã¢ÂÂ¤ 15 mm and weight Ã¢ÂÂ¤ 3 kg / m 2 demonstrating 19.5 dB of internal sound transmission loss (STL) at around 200 Hz, and stacked panels with thickness Ã¢ÂÂ¤ 60 mm and weight Ã¢ÂÂ¤ 15 kg / m 2 demonstrating an average STL of \&gt; 40 dB over a broad range from 50 to 1000 Hz.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2016-08-22},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Yang, Z. and Dai, H. M. and Chan, N. H. and Ma, G. C. and Sheng, Ping},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Cell membranes, Elasticity, Wave attenuation, Evanescent waves},
	pages = {041906},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\AT7Z7HHA\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{youla_new_1964,
	title = {A {New} {Theory} of {Broad}-band {Matching}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {0018-9324},
	doi = {10.1109/TCT.1964.1082267},
	abstract = {This paper solves the problem of designing an optimum, passive, reactive two-port equalizer to match out a dissipative frequency sensitive load to a resistive generator. The method is simple and elementary and completely avoids any recourse to the Darlington equivalent of the load. Moreover the technique is also applicable to the design of active equalizers.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory},
	author = {Youla, D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1964},
	keywords = {Transducers, frequency, Helium, Contracts, Design methodology, Diodes, Equalizers, Impedance, Transmission line matrix methods, Vents},
	pages = {30--50},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\2GDDFF6C\\1082267.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\79S8SGGE\\Youla - 1964 - A New Theory of Broad-band Matching.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{youla_analysis_1964,
	title = {Analysis and synthesis of arbitrarily terminated lossless nonuniform lines},
	volume = {11},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1082312/},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2017-08-03},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory},
	author = {Youla, D.},
	year = {1964},
	pages = {363--371},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\XU22JJTD\\1082312.html:text/html}
}

@article{paruchuri_piezoelectric_nodate,
	title = {Piezoelectric {Composite} {Subordinate} {OscillatorArrays} and {Frequency} {Response} {Shaping} for {Passive} {Vibration} {Attenuation}},
	abstract = {Subordinate Oscillator Arrays (SOAs) can be shown theoretically to provide vibration attenuation that is characterized by a frequency response function with a magnitude that is approximately flat over a finite bandwidth. However, the actual performance of SOA designs can suffer due to uncertainties in the structural parameters of the host and SOA. In this paper, we describe a piezoelectric composite SOA that can be used either actively or passively to account or correct for uncertainties in structural parameters that result from fabrication. This paper uses thermodynamic variational principles to derive the equations of motion for the active SOA formed using piezoelectric composites. We discuss techniques to optimize vibration attenuation for the SOA with fabrication errors using the piezoelectric appendages in the SOA.},
	author = {Paruchuri, Sai Tej and Sterling, John and Kurdila, Andrew and Vignola, Joseph},
	file = {piezoelectric-composite-subordinate.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\T3AMXTZN\\piezoelectric-composite-subordinate.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{demartini_single_2008,
	title = {A single input-single output coupled microresonator array for the detection and identification of multiple analytes},
	volume = {93},
	issn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},
	url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2964192},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2964192},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2018-06-22},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {DeMartini, Barry E. and Rhoads, Jeffrey F. and Zielke, Mark A. and Owen, Kyle G. and Shaw, Steven W. and Turner, Kimberly L.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {054102},
	file = {DeMartini et al. - 2008 - A single input-single output coupled microresonato.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\5YG3LACX\\DeMartini et al. - 2008 - A single input-single output coupled microresonato.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\5HBQDT4I\\DeMartini_apl_2008.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{erturk_mechanical_2008,
	title = {On mechanical modeling of cantilevered piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters},
	volume = {19},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
	author = {Erturk, Alper and Inman, Daniel J},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1311--1325},
	file = {JIMSS_2008.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\UG678I55\\JIMSS_2008.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{spletzer_elastometric_2007,
	title = {Elastometric sensing using higher flexural eigenmodes of microcantilevers},
	volume = {91},
	issn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},
	url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2803215},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2803215},
	language = {en},
	number = {18},
	urldate = {2018-06-22},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Spletzer, Matthew and Raman, Arvind and Reifenberger, Ron},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {184103},
	file = {AIP Journal Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MTGASTRT\\p184103_s1.html:text/html;Spletzer et al. - 2007 - Elastometric sensing using higher flexural eigenmo.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\L7WUNARZ\\Spletzer et al. - 2007 - Elastometric sensing using higher flexural eigenmo.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{spletzer_highly_2008,
	title = {Highly sensitive mass detection and identification using vibration localization in coupled microcantilever arrays},
	volume = {92},
	issn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},
	url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2899634},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2899634},
	language = {en},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2017-07-27},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Spletzer, Matthew and Raman, Arvind and Sumali, Hartono and Sullivan, John P.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {114102},
	file = {Spletzer et al. - 2008 - Highly sensitive mass detection and identification.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\4X2HGMSN\\Spletzer et al. - 2008 - Highly sensitive mass detection and identification.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{spletzer_ultrasensitive_2006,
	title = {Ultrasensitive mass sensing using mode localization in coupled microcantilevers},
	volume = {88},
	issn = {0003-6951},
	url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2216889},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2216889},
	abstract = {We use Anderson or vibration localization in coupled microcantilevers as an extremely sensitive method to detect the added mass of a target analyte. We focus on the resonance frequencies and eigenstates of two nearly identical coupled gold-foil microcantilevers. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the relative changes in the eigenstates due to the added mass can be orders of magnitude greater than the relative changes in resonance frequencies. Moreover this sensing paradigm possesses intrinsic common mode rejection characteristics thus providing an alternate way to achieve ultrasensitive mass detection under ambient conditions.},
	number = {25},
	urldate = {2018-03-22},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Spletzer, Matthew and Raman, Arvind and Wu, Alexander Q. and Xu, Xianfan and Reifenberger, Ron},
	month = jun,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {254102},
	file = {1.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\U9KMHIAJ\\1.pdf:application/pdf;1.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\KRKS7Q73\\1.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text (PDF):C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MTPUABW8\\spletzer_apl_2006.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\U5P9UENK\\Spletzer et al. - 2006 - Ultrasensitive mass sensing using mode localizatio.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\9IK7J2ZD\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{hodges_confinement_1989,
	title = {Confinement of vibration by one-dimensional disorder, {I}: {Theory} of ensemble averaging},
	volume = {130},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	shorttitle = {Confinement of vibration by one-dimensional disorder, {I}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X8990552X},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(89)90552-X},
	abstract = {The use of ensemble averaging procedures in studying the dynamics of structurally irregular mechanical systems is discussed. It is found that taking a linear average over the ensemble does not always yield the behaviour of a Ã¢ÂÂtypicalÃ¢ÂÂ member of that ensemble. Under certain circumstances there are occasional members with properties so exceptional as to weight the average appreciably, and the linear ensemble average can then be seriously misleading. The effect is illustrated by the response and transmission properties of two simple mechanical models, a system of coupled oscillators with varying natural frequencies, and a vibrating string or bending beam with irregularly spaced mass and spring constraints. The distinction between the ensemble average and the typical value is important in understanding the phenomenon of Anderson localization described previously [1Ã¢ÂÂ3] by using these two models. This paper provides some analytic results, while an accompanying paper [4] provides complementary results from a numerical study of the coupled-oscillator model.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Hodges, C. H. and Woodhouse, J.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1989},
	pages = {237--251},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\XMG9F2C9\\Hodges and Woodhouse - 1989 - Confinement of vibration by one-dimensional disord.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\XCB4MG58\\0022460X8990552X.html:text/html}
}

@article{hodges_vibration_1983,
	title = {Vibration isolation from irregularity in a nearly periodic structure: {Theory} and measurements},
	volume = {74},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	shorttitle = {Vibration isolation from irregularity in a nearly periodic structure},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/74/3/10.1121/1.389847},
	doi = {10.1121/1.389847},
	abstract = {This article describes the theory and a simple experiment carried out to demonstrate the phenomenon of Anderson localization in an acoustical context. This is an effect whereby the propagation of vibration in a structure which is not entirely regular is impeded by the irregularities, giving rise on the average to an exponential decay of vibration level away from the driving point, even in the absence of any dissipation. The structure used in the experiment was a stretched string with masses attached to it. This string was studied with regular spacings of the masses and after the masses had been moved in a controlled way to provide a small degree of irregularity. In both cases, the transmission of energy from end to end of the string was measured as a function of frequency, and also the mode shapes in the second and fourth passbands were measured so as to demonstrate the underlying physics of the localization phenomenon, in which the individual modes making up each passband change from being extended throughout the structure in the regular case to being localized in specific areas of the structure in the presence of irregularity. All measurements yielded satisfactory agreement with the theoretical predictions.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-12-08},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Hodges, C. H. and Woodhouse, J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1983},
	pages = {894--905},
	file = {1.389847.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\GC9SKABB\\1.389847.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\7WFARABD\\Hodges and Woodhouse - 1983 - Vibration isolation from irregularity in a nearly .pdf:application/pdf;hodeges_woodhouse_1983.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\6RR6BDX8\\hodeges_woodhouse_1983.pdf:application/pdf;JASA_Hodges.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\S533I53Z\\JASA_Hodges.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\45VVHMJ7\\1.html:text/html;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\6X8MD55P\\p894_s1.html:text/html;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\DMRPFBBR\\p894_s1.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{davis_tunable_1997,
	title = {Tunable electrically shunted piezoceramic vibration absorber},
	volume = {3045},
	url = {https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/3045/0000/Tunable-electrically-shunted-piezoceramic-vibration-absorber/10.1117/12.274188.short},
	doi = {10.1117/12.274188},
	abstract = {A shunting method has been developed and experimentally verified for tuning the natural frequency and damping of a piezoceramic inertial actuator (PIA). Without power, a PIA behaves much like a passive vibration absorber (PVA). PVAs typically minimize vibration at a specific frequency often associated with a lightly damped structural mode. Large response reductions, however, may only be achieved if the PVA is accurately tuned to the frequency of concern. Thus, an important feature of a PVA is the ability to be accurately tuned to the possibly varying frequency of a target vibration mode. Tuning an absorber requires a change in either the mass or stiffness of the device. The electromechanical properties of the piezoceramic forcing element within a PIA in conjunction with an external passive electrical shunt circuit can be used to alter the natural frequency and damping of the device. An analytical model of a PIA was created to predict changes in natural frequency and damping due to passive electrical shunting. Capacitive shunting alters the natural frequency of the actuator only, while resistive shunting alters both the natural frequency and damping of the actuator. Experiments using both passive capacitive and passive resistive shunt circuits verified the ability to predictably shift the natural frequencies of the piezoceramic inertial actuator by more than 5\%.},
	urldate = {2018-06-30},
	booktitle = {Smart {Structures} and {Materials} 1997: {Passive} {Damping} and {Isolation}},
	publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
	author = {Davis, Christopher L. and Lesieutre, George Andre and Dosch, Jeffrey J.},
	month = may,
	year = {1997},
	pages = {51--60},
	file = {Davis1997SPIESSM.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\EJNCJ9DW\\Davis1997SPIESSM.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\C4ICAJ3A\\12.274188.html:text/html}
}

@article{sapsis_effective_2012,
	title = {Effective {Stiffening} and {Damping} {Enhancement} of {Structures} {With} {Strongly} {Nonlinear} {Local} {Attachments}},
	volume = {134},
	issn = {07393717},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JVACEK/v134/i1/p011016/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1115/1.4005005},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-05},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Sapsis, Themistoklis P. and Dane Quinn, D. and Vakakis, Alexander F. and Bergman, Lawrence A.},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {011016},
	file = {12_ASME_JVA.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MHID3PS9\\12_ASME_JVA.pdf:application/pdf;648572.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\IJ9DXFXN\\648572.pdf:application/pdf;Effective Stiffening and Damping Enhancement of Structures With Strongly Nonlinear Local Attachments:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TTH5MTS3\\GetabsServlet.html:text/html}
}

@book{noauthor_5sb85255_nodate,
	title = {5sb85255 ({PNG} {Image}, 600 ÃÂ 838 pixels) - {Scaled} (0\%)},
	url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sb85255?image.view=generateImage;imgWidth=600;pageNum=1},
	urldate = {2013-03-19}
}

@book{abrahams_50_2010,
	title = {50 {Years} of {Anderson} {Localization}},
	isbn = {978-981-4299-06-0},
	abstract = {In his groundbreaking paper Ã¢ÂÂAbsence of diffusion in certain random lattices (1958)Ã¢ÂÂ, Philip W. Anderson originated, described and developed the physical principles underlying the phenomenon of the localization of quantum objects due to disorder. Anderson's 1977 Nobel Prize citation featured that paper, which was fundamental for many subsequent developments in condensed matter theory and technical applications. After more than a half century, the subject continues to be of fundamental importance. In particular, in the last 25 years, the phenomenon of localization has proved to be crucial for the understanding of the Quantum Hall Effect, mesoscopic fluctuations in small conductors, some aspects of quantum chaotic behavior, and most recently the localization and collective modes of electromagnetic and matter waves.This unique and invaluable volume celebrates the five decades of the impact of Anderson Localization on modern physics. In addition to the historical perspective on its origin, the volume provides a comprehensive description of the experimental and theoretical aspects of Anderson localization, together with its application in various areas, which include disordered metals and the metal-insulator transition, mesoscopic physics, classical systems and light, strongly-correlated systems, and mathematical models.The volume is edited by E. Abrahams, who, as a major contributor in the field of localization, has published several papers on the celebrated scaling theory of localization. A distinguished group of experts, each of whom has left his mark on the developments of this fascinating theory, contribute their personal insights in this volume. They are: P.W. Anderson (Nobel Laureate, 1977), G. Bergmann (University of Southern California), M. Buttiker (University of Geneva), J. Cardy (Oxford University), S. Chakravarty (University of California, Los Angeles), V. Dobrosavljevic (Florida State University), R.C. Dynes (University of California, San Diego), K.B. Efetov (Ruhr University Bochum), A.M. Finkel'stein (Texas A\&M University), A. Genack (Queens College, New York), N. Giordano (Purdue University), Y. Imry (Weizmann Institute), B. Kramer (University of Hamburg), S.V. Kravchenko (Northeastern University), A. Lagendijk (University of Amsterdam), A. MacKinnon (Imperial College, London), A. Mirlin (University of Karlsruhe), A.M.M. Pruisken (University of Amsterdam), T.V. Ramakrishnan (Indian Institute of Science), M.P. Sarachik (City College of New York), T. Spencer (Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton), D.J. Thouless (University of Washington), D. Vollhardt (University of Augsburg) and F.J. Wegner (University of Heidelberg).},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {World Scientific},
	author = {Abrahams, E.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Science / Physics / General, Science / Physics / Quantum Theory, Mathematics / Discrete Mathematics, Science / Physics / Condensed Matter}
}

@article{yue_2-d_2004,
	title = {A 2-{D} {Microcantilever} {Array} for {Multiplexed} {Biomolecular} {Analysis}},
	volume = {13},
	shorttitle = {A 2-{D} {Microcantilever} {Array} for {Multiplexed} {Biomolecular} {Analysis}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/yue_2004_Jmicroelectromech_2d_cantilevers-1153546009/yue_2004_Jmicroelectromech_2d_cantilevers.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Yue, M. and Lin, H. and Dedrick, D. E. and Satyanarayana, S. and Majumdar, A. and Bedeckar, A. S. and Jenkins, . W. and Sundaram, S.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {290--299}
}

@article{yu_12-16_2012,
	title = {A 12-16 {GHz} microelectromechanical system-switchable bandpass filter},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0960-1317, 1361-6439},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/22/7/075010},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/22/7/075010},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Yu, Y.-W. and Zhu, J. and Shi, Y. and Jiang, L.-L.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {075010}
}

@article{stemme_balanced_1990,
	title = {A balanced resonant pressure sensor},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	shorttitle = {Proceedings of the 5th {International} {Conference} on {Solid}-{State} {Sensors} and {Actuators} and {Eurosensors} {III}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092442479085067E},
	doi = {10.1016/0924-4247(90)85067-E},
	abstract = {A new type of resonant pressure sensor in silicon is described. The pressure sensitive part consists of a square dual-diaphragm cavity structure which vibrates in a balanced torsional mode. The selected torsional mode in combination with a suspension along the two crossing node lines of the electrostatically vibrated part yields a high Q factor of 2400 in air and 80 000 in a vacuum. The pressure sensitivity is a result of a pressure change-induced flexure of the two diaphragms which changes the torsional stiffness and hence the resonance frequency. The pressure sensitivity of the differential and absolute pressure sensor was 19\%/bar and 14\%/bar respectively. The basic structure showed an inherent uncompensated low temperature sensitivity of Ã¢ÂÂ 16 ppm/ÃÂ°C. The fabrication process involving anisotropic silicon etching and silicon thermal bonding is described. The improved design which increased the Q factor in air to 3300 is also presented.},
	number = {1-3},
	urldate = {2012-10-08},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Stemme, E. and Stemme, G.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1990},
	pages = {336--341}
}

@article{baller_cantilever_2000,
	title = {A cantilever array-based artificial nose},
	volume = {82},
	shorttitle = {A cantilever array-based artificial nose},
	journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
	author = {Baller, M. K. and Lang, H. P. and Fritz, J. and Gerber, Ch. and Gimzewski, J. K. and Drechsler, U. and Rothuizen, H. and Despont, M. and Vettiger, P. and Battiston, F. M. and Ramseyer, J. P. and Fornaro, P. and Meyer, E. and Guntherodt, H. -J.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1--9}
}

@article{battiston_chemical_2001-1,
	title = {A chemical sensor based on a microfabricated cantilever array with simultaneous resonance-frequency and bending readout},
	volume = {77},
	shorttitle = {A chemical sensor based on a microfabricated cantilever array with simultaneous resonance-frequency and bending readout},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/battiston_2001_SensorsActuatorsB-2311173657/battiston_2001_SensorsActuatorsB.pdf},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical},
	author = {Battiston, F. M. and Ramseyer, J. P. and Lang, H. P. and Baller, M. K. and Gerber, Ch. and Gimzewski, J. K. and Meyer, E. and Guntherodt, H-J.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {122--131}
}

@article{lang_chemical_1998-1,
	title = {A chemical sensor based on a micromechanical cantilever array for the identification of gases and vapors},
	volume = {66},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/QBT3AKL7MLAYFRLK.pdf},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Applied Physics A: Materials Science \& Processing},
	author = {Lang, H. P. and Berger, R. and Battiston, F. and Ramseyer, J.-P. and Meyer, E. and Andreoli, C. and Brugger, J. and Vettiger, P. and Despont, M. and Mezzacasa, T.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {61--64}
}

@article{jalili_comparative_2002-1,
	title = {A {Comparative} {Study} and {Analysis} of {Semi}-{Active} {Vibration}-{Control} {Systems}},
	volume = {124},
	shorttitle = {A {Comparative} {Study} and {Analysis} of {Semi}-{Active} {Vibration}-{Control} {Systems}},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?VAJ/124/593/1},
	journal = {Journal of vibration and acoustics},
	author = {Jalili, Nader},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {damping, vibrations, tuning, vibration control},
	pages = {593--605},
	annote = {4}
}

@phdthesis{ryan_coupled_2013,
	address = {Washington, DC},
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {A {Coupled} {Microresonator} {Array} for {Mass} {Detection}},
	shorttitle = {microresonator {Array} for {Mass} {Detection}},
	school = {Catholic University of America},
	author = {Ryan, Teresa},
	year = {2013}
}

@inproceedings{conant_flat_2000,
	title = {A flat high-frequency scanning micromirror},
	url = {https://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/ n245/fa01/HH2000-rconant.pdf},
	urldate = {2013-03-08},
	booktitle = {Proc. {Solid}-{State} {Sensor} and {Actuator} {Workshop}},
	author = {Conant, R. A. and Nee, J. T. and Lau, K. Y. and Muller, R. S.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {6--9}
}

@article{giner_fully_2012,
	title = {A fully integrated programmable dual-band {RF} filter based on electrically and mechanically coupled {CMOS}-{MEMS} resonators},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0960-1317, 1361-6439},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/22/5/055020},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/22/5/055020},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Giner, J. and Uranga, A. and Munoz-Gamarra, J. L. and Marigo, E. and Barniol, N.},
	month = may,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {055020}
}

@article{ul_haque_mems_2007,
	title = {A {MEMS} fabricated cell electrophysiology biochip for in silico calcium measurements},
	volume = {123},
	issn = {0925-4005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400506006150},
	doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2006.08.043},
	abstract = {For the last 50 years the state-of-the-art for studying electrophysiological activity of single cells has been based on an investigator using a single microprobe, and attempting to make relevant recordings, one cell at a time. Here we report the design, fabrication and characterization of a MEMS-based lab-on-a-chip system for measuring Ca2+ ion concentrations and currents around single cells. This device has been designed around specific science objectives of measuring real-time multidimensional calcium flux patterns around 16 Ceratopteris richardii fern spores in microgravity flight experiments and ground studies. The 16 microfluidic cell holding pores are 150 ÃÂ¼m ÃÂ 150 ÃÂ¼m each and have 4 Ag/AgCl electrodes leading into them. An SU-8 structural layer is used for insulation and packaging purposes. The in silico cell physiology lab is wire bonded onto a custom PCB for easy interface with a state-of-the-art data acquisition system. The electrodes are coated with a Ca2+ ion-selective membrane based on ETH-5234 ionophore and operated against an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Characterization results have shown Nernst slopes of 30 mV/decade that were stable over a number of measurement cycles, and actual fern spore Ca2+ measurements have been recorded with high repeatability and reproducibility. While this work is focused on technology to enable basic research on C. richardii spores, we anticipate that this type of cell electrophysiology lab-on-a-chip will be broadly applied in biomedical and pharmacological research by making minor modifications to the electrode material and the measurement technique.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
	author = {ul Haque, A. and Rokkam, M. and De Carlo, A.R. and Wereley, S.T. and Roux, S.J. and Irazoqui, P.P. and Porterfield, D.M.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Ca2+, Ceratopteris richardii, Ion-selective electrode array, Microgravity, silicon},
	pages = {391--399}
}

@article{yao_micromachined_1995,
	title = {A micromachined, single-crystal silicon, tunable resonator},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {0960-1317, 1361-6439},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/5/3/009},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/5/3/009},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Yao, J J and MacDonald, N C},
	month = sep,
	year = {1995},
	pages = {257--264}
}

@article{chaste_nanomechanical_2012,
	title = {A nanomechanical mass sensor with yoctogram resolution},
	volume = {7},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2012 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {1748-3387},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v7/n5/full/nnano.2012.42.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2012.42},
	abstract = {Nanomechanical resonators have been used to weigh cells, biomolecules and gas molecules, and to study basic phenomena in surface science, such as phase transitions and diffusion. These experiments all rely on the ability of nanomechanical mass sensors to resolve small masses. Here, we report mass sensing experiments with a resolution of 1.7 yg (1 yg = 10Ã¢ÂÂ24 g), which corresponds to the mass of one proton. The resonator is a carbon nanotube of length {\textbackslash}textasciitilde150 nm that vibrates at a frequency of almost 2 GHz. This unprecedented level of sensitivity allows us to detect adsorption events of naphthalene molecules (C10H8), and to measure the binding energy of a xenon atom on the nanotube surface. These ultrasensitive nanotube resonators could have applications in mass spectrometry, magnetometry and surface science.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
	author = {Chaste, J. and Eichler, A. and Moser, J. and Ceballos, G. and Rurali, R. and Bachtold, A.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, Nanosensors and other devices, NEMS},
	pages = {301--304}
}

@article{cleland_nanometre-scale_1998,
	title = {A nanometre-scale mechanical electrometer},
	volume = {392},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/818834777?accountid=9940},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/32373},
	abstract = {The mechanical detection of charge has a long history, dating back more than 200 years to Coulomb's torsion-balance electrometer. The modern analogues of such instruments are semiconductor-based field-effect devices, the most sensitive of which are cryogenically cooled single-electron transistors. But although these latter devices have extremely high charge sensitivity, they suffer from limited bandwidth and must be operated at millikelvin temperatures in order to reduce thermal noise. Here we report the fabrication and characterization of a working nanometre-scale mechanical electrometer. We achieve a charge sensitivity of 0.1e Hz super(-0.5), competitive with conventional semiconductor field-effect transistors; moreover, thermal noise analysis indicates that the nanometre-scale electrometer should ultimately reach sensitivities of the order of 10 super(-6)e Hz super(-0.5), comparable with charge-detection capabilities of cryogenic single-electron transistors. The nanometre-scale electrometer has the additional advantages of high temperature (.4.2K) operation and response over a larger bandwidth, from which a diversity of applications may result.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6672},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Cleland, A. N. and Roukes, M L},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {Temperature, Noise, Fabrication, Cryogenics, Dating, History},
	pages = {160--162}
}

@article{fahy_note_1980,
	title = {A note on the interaction between a {Helmholtz} resonator and an acoustic mode of an enclosure},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X80903831},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(80)90383-1},
	abstract = {A single Helmholtz resonator is coupled to an enclosure and tuned to the natural frequency of one of its low order acoustic modes. The effect on the free, and forced, vibrations of the fluid in the enclosure is analyzed. The conditions necessary for the resonator to increase the damping of the two resultant modes, and to control the room response to excitation at frequencies within the range embracing both natural frequencies, are investigated. A simple design graph is presented.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-11-24},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Fahy, F.J. and Schofield, C.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1980},
	pages = {365--378}
}

@inproceedings{yuan_novel_2011,
	title = {A novel microstrip {MEMS} bandpass filter on silicon substrate},
	doi = {10.1109/ICECC.2011.6067593},
	abstract = {A microwave bandpass MEMS filter on silicon substrate was designed and simulated in this letter. Induced coupling plasma (ICP) deep etching technology is done to get vertical via holes on the high resistivity silicon substrate. A stepped impedance resonator (SIR) structure was selected in design. The simulated and optimized results show excellent performances such as small size, low return loss, and far parasitic passband characteristic. The filter was designed with a center frequency of 11.5 GHz, an insertion loss of 0.8 dB, relative bandwidth of 19.1\%. The size of this filter is 11.5 mm \#x00D7; 4 mm \#x00D7; 0.4 mm.},
	booktitle = {2011 {International} {Conference} on {Electronics}, {Communications} and {Control} ({ICECC})},
	author = {Yuan, Y. and Xu, J. and Xu, Y. and Zhang, X.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {silicon, micromechanical devices, band-pass filters, elemental semiconductors, frequency 11.5 GHz, high resistivity silicon substrate, induced coupling plasma deep etching technology, insertion loss, microstrip filters, microwave filters, novel microstrip MEMS bandpass filter, parasitic passband characteristic, Si, sputter etching, stepped impedance resonator structure, vertical via holes},
	pages = {1850 --1852}
}

@article{nathanson_resonant-gate_1965,
	title = {A {Resonant}-{Gate} {Silicon} {Surface} {Transistor} with {High}-{Q} {Band}-{Pass} {Properties}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965ApPhL...7...84N},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1754323},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Nathanson, H. C. and Wickstrom, R. A.},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {84}
}

@article{butt_sensitive_1996,
	title = {A {Sensitive} {Method} to {Measure} {Changes} in the {Surface} {Stress} of {Solids}},
	volume = {180},
	issn = {0021-9797},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979796902970},
	doi = {10.1006/jcis.1996.0297},
	abstract = {A technique for determining surface stress changes at solidÃ¢ÂÂgas and solidÃ¢ÂÂliquid interfaces with an atomic force microscope is presented. Therefore, the bending of a microfabricated cantilever, prepared with different opposite faces, is measured. This bending is directly proportional to a change of ÃÂÃÂ1Ã¢ÂÂ ÃÂÃÂ2, where ÃÂ1and ÃÂ2are the surface stresses of the two faces. To demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of the technique (i) a reduction of the surface stress of silicon nitride upon the covalent binding of gaseous dimethyldichlorosilane was measured; (ii) an increase of the surface stress of silicon nitride in aqueous medium with increasing pH was detected; (iii) the unspecific adsorption of the protein bovine albumin in buffer was monitored. The accuracy of the method is better than 0.005 J mÃ¢ÂÂ2. The main limit is residual drift of the cantilever deflection. As a consequence only changes of the surface stress which occurred more rapidly than Ã¢ÂÂ0.02 J mÃ¢ÂÂ2hÃ¢ÂÂ1could be reliably detected.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-10-09},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	author = {Butt, H.-J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {AFM, Atomic force microscope, Biosensor, surface energy of solids, surface stress},
	pages = {251--260}
}

@article{pinnaduwage_sensitive_2004,
	title = {A sensitive, handheld vapor sensor based on microcantilevers},
	volume = {75},
	issn = {0034-6748},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1804998},
	abstract = {We report the development of a handheld sensor based on piezoresistive microcantilevers that does not depend on optical detection, yet has high detection sensitivity. The sensor is able to detect vapors from the plastic explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate and hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine at levels below {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater10{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterparts{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterper{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreatertrillion{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater within few seconds of exposure under ambient conditions. A differential measurement technique has yielded a rugged sensor that is unaffected by vibration and is able to function as a \#x201c;sniffer. \#x201d; The microelectromechanical system sensor design allows for the incorporation of hundreds of microcantilevers with suitable coatings in order to achieve sufficient selectivity in the future, and thus could provide an inexpensive, unique platform for the detection of chemical, biological, and explosive materials.},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Pinnaduwage, L. A. and Hedden, D. L. and Gehl, A. and Boiadjiev, V. I. and Hawk, J. E. and Farahi, R. H. and Thundat, T. and Houser, E. J. and Stepnowski, S. and McGill, R. A. and Deel, L. and Lareau, R. T.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {microsensors, explosions, gas sensors, piezoresistive devices},
	pages = {4554 --4557}
}

@article{nelder_simplex_1965-1,
	title = {A simplex method for function minimization},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Computer journal},
	author = {Nelder, John A and Mead, Roger},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {308--313}
}

@article{demartini_single_2008-1,
	title = {A single input-single output coupled microresonator array for the detection and identification of multiple analytes},
	volume = {93},
	shorttitle = {A single input-single output coupled microresonator array for the detection and identification of multiple analytes},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/DeMartini_apl_2008-0570465792/DeMartini_apl_2008.pdf},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {DeMartini, B. E. and Rhoads, J. F. and Zielke, M. A. and Owen, K. G and Shaw, S. W. and Turner, K. L.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {054102}
}

@article{demartini_single_2007-1,
	title = {A single input-single output mass sensor based on a coupled array of microresonators},
	volume = {137},
	shorttitle = {A single input-single output mass sensor based on a coupled array of microresonators},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/DeMartini_sen_act_2007-2432735488/DeMartini_sen_act_2007.pdf},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A},
	author = {DeMartini, B. E. and Rhoads, J. F. and Shaw, S. W. and Turner, K. L.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {147--156}
}

@article{ewins_study_1970,
	title = {A {Study} of {Resonance} {Coincidence} in {Bladed} {Discs}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {0022-2542,},
	url = {http://jms.sagepub.com/content/12/5/305},
	doi = {10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1970_012_055_02},
	abstract = {The failure in service of just one or two out of a batch of nominally identical units poses two urgent problems. First, it is necessary to establish the immediate cause of the failures but then, and equally important, it is essential to determine whether these isolated cases represent a few Ã¢ÂÂrogueÃ¢ÂÂ units or whether they herald the subsequent failure of many others. This latter problem is examined in relation to the vibration loads borne by turbomachinery blading. The possibility that minor dimensional variations between one unit and another can result in them exhibiting significantly different vibration characteristics is studied in two detailed cases. One example shows that the shortening of all the blades on one disc by 3 per cent can worsen their resonant response levels under operating conditions by 50 per cent, and thereby drastically shorten their fatigue life. The presence of small variations between the blades on a discÃ¢ÂÂblade detuningÃ¢ÂÂcan also increase response levels by as much as 90 per cent. It is concluded that apparently similar bladed disc units could well exhibit quite dissimilar vibration characteristics in service, and consequently have widely differing fatigue lives.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science},
	author = {Ewins, D. J.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1970},
	pages = {305--312}
}

@article{melvas_surface-micromachined_2001,
	title = {A surface-micromachined resonant-beam pressure-sensing structure},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/84.967371},
	abstract = {The first study on an entirely surface-micromachined resonant-beam pressure sensor is presented. Using a fully surface-micromachined process, an encapsulated beam resonant pressure-sensor structure with a pressure-sensitive diaphragm of 100 times;150 times;2 mu;m has been fabricated. The resonating beam is fully enclosed inside the reference vacuum cavity formed beneath the diaphragm. The new design enables high pressure sensitivity and a miniature chip size, essential for sensors such as catheter-mounted intravascular blood pressure sensors. The pressure sensitivity is measured at 3.2\%/bar with a beam resonance frequency of about 700 kHz},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Melvas, P. and Kalvesten, E. and Stemme, G.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {microsensors, micromachining, 100 micron, 150 micron, 2 micron, 700 kHz, blood pressure measurement, catheter-mounted intravascular blood pressure sensors, high pressure sensitivity, miniature chip size, pressure sensors, pressure-sensitive diaphragm, resonating beam, surface-micromachined resonant-beam pressure-sensing structure},
	pages = {498 --502}
}

@article{satchell_thermally-excited_1989,
	title = {A thermally-excited silicon accelerometer},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0250-6874},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0250687489800861},
	doi = {10.1016/0250-6874(89)80086-1},
	abstract = {An accelerometer, made from single-crystal silicon by anisotropic etching, has a mechanical resonator as its sensing element. The resonator is maintained in oscillation by thermal expansion forces generated in an implanted resistor by alternating currents. The closed maintaining circuit is completed by implanted piezoresistive strain gauges, which sense motion. Acceleration changes the effective stiffness of the resonator and hence its frequency. Construction and performance are described.},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2012-10-08},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators},
	author = {Satchell, D.W. and Greenwood, J.C.},
	month = may,
	year = {1989},
	pages = {241--245}
}

@article{chen_thin_2012,
	title = {A thin film electro-acoustic enzyme biosensor allowing the detection of trace organophosphorus pesticides},
	volume = {429},
	issn = {0003-2697},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003269712003533},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ab.2012.07.002},
	abstract = {We report an analytical method using a thin film electro-acoustic resonator for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme was immobilized on the surface of the resonator. In the presence of organophosphorus compounds, the degree of inhibitory effect of organophosphorus compounds on the AChE activity and the concentration of pesticides were detected in real time by measuring the frequency shift of the resonator. The proposed device has a remarkably low detection limit of 1.8 ÃÂ 10Ã¢ÂÂ11 M and obvious advantages such as small size, simple operation, and integrated circuit compatibility, providing a promising tool for pesticide analysis.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Analytical Biochemistry},
	author = {Chen, D. and Wang, J. and Xu, Y. and Zhang, L.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Biosensor, Acetylcholinesterase, Electro-acoustic resonator, Organophosphorus pesticides},
	pages = {42--44}
}

@article{chen_wireless_2009,
	title = {A {Wireless} {Bio}-{MEMS} {Sensor} for {C}-{Reactive} {Protein} {Detection} {Based} on {Nanomechanics}},
	volume = {56},
	issn = {0018-9294},
	doi = {10.1109/TBME.2008.2003262},
	abstract = {A quick wireless label-free detection of disease-related C-reactive proteins (CRPs) using a 200-mum-long microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microcantilever housed in a 7times7 mm2 reaction chamber with a safe reusable feature is reported. The assay time ranges from about 30 min to 3 h, depending on accuracy. The deflection of the microcantilever due to specific CRP-antiCRP binding is detected using a position-sensitive detector. The converted bio-signal is transmitted by a custom designed wireless amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) transceiver IC fabricated in a 0.18 mum CMOS process. CRP concentrations from 1 mug/mL to 500 mug/mL can be detected. A 0.2-Hz 1-V ac signal instead of traditional bases/acids is applied to the bio-MEMS sensor to unbind the CRP from the microcantilever for reusability.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
	author = {Chen, C.-H. and Hwang, R.-Z. and Huang, L.-S. and Lin, S.-M. and Chen, H.-C. and Yang, Y.-C. and Lin, Y.-T. and Yu, S.-A. and Lin, Y.-S. and Wang, Y-H. and Chou, N.-K. and Lu, S.-S.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, microsensors, Humans, Microelectromechanical systems, Microcantilever, micromechanical devices, Monitoring, CMOS integrated circuits, Biosensors, Molecular biophysics, Proteins, cantilevers, transceivers, Biosensing Techniques, Equipment Design, nanomechanics, amplitude shift keying, amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) receiver, Analog-to-digital converter (ADC), antiCRP, ASK transmitter, bioMEMS, C-Reactive Protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), C-reactive protein detection, Cardiovascular Diseases, CMOS process, CRP-antiCRP binding, Dimethylpolysiloxanes, Equipment Reuse, lab-on-a-chip, label-free, Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems, microcontrol unit (MCU), poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS), Position sensitive particle detectors, position-sensitive detector, reaction chamber, reusability, wireless amplitude-shift-keying transceiver IC, wireless bioMEMS sensor, wireless label-free detection, wireless sensor networks, Signal Processing, Ambulatory, Computer-Assisted},
	pages = {462--470}
}

@article{dimarogonas_smart_1993,
	title = {A'smart' electrorheological fluid dynamic vibration absorber},
	journal = {Intelligent structures, materials, and vibrations},
	author = {Dimarogonas, Andrew D and Kollias, Alexander},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {7--15}
}

@article{anderson_absence_1958,
	title = {Absence of {Diffusion} in {Certain} {Random} {Lattices}},
	volume = {109},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.109.1492},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.109.1492},
	abstract = {This paper presents a simple model for such processes as spin diffusion or conduction in the "impurity band." These processes involve transport in a lattice which is in some sense random, and in them diffusion is expected to take place via quantum jumps between localized sites. In this simple model the essential randomness is introduced by requiring the energy to vary randomly from site to site. It is shown that at low enough densities no diffusion at all can take place, and the criteria for transport to occur are given.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-03-16},
	journal = {Physical Review},
	author = {Anderson, P. W.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1958},
	pages = {1492--1505}
}

@article{grate_acoustic_1993,
	title = {Acoustic {Wave} {Microsensors}},
	volume = {65},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac00069a728},
	doi = {10.1021/ac00069a728},
	number = {21},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	author = {Grate, Jay W. and Martin, Stephen J. and White, Richard M.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {940A--948A}
}

@article{grate_acoustic_1993-1,
	title = {Acoustic {Wave} {Microsensors} {PART} {II}},
	volume = {65},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00070a717},
	doi = {10.1021/ac00070a717},
	number = {22},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	author = {Grate, Jay W. and Martin, Stephen J. and White, Richard M.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {987A--996A}
}

@article{hoummady_acoustic_1999,
	title = {Acoustic wave sensors: design, sensing mechanisms and applications},
	volume = {6},
	shorttitle = {Acoustic wave sensors},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0964-1726/6/6/001},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Smart materials and structures},
	author = {Hoummady, M. and Campitelli, A. and Wlodarski, W.},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {647}
}

@book{berabek_acoustics_1986,
	title = {Acoustics},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {New York: American Institute of Physics},
	author = {Berabek, L.},
	year = {1986}
}

@book{pierce_acoustics:_1989,
	title = {Acoustics: {An} {Introduction} to {Its} {Physical} {Principles} and {Applications}},
	isbn = {978-0-88318-612-1},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=D8GqhULfKfAC},
	publisher = {Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Pierce, A.D.},
	year = {1989},
	lccn = {89080362}
}

@article{de_bedout_adaptive-passive_1997,
	title = {Adaptive-passive noise contorl with self-tuning {Helmholtz} resonators},
	volume = {202},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X96907968},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1996.0796},
	abstract = {A tunable Helmholtz resonator and a novel feedback based control law that achieves optimal resonator tuning for time varying tonal noise control applications are presented in this paper. The proposed tuning strategy combines an open loop tuning algorithm based on a simple lumped parameter model of the resonator with a gradient descent approach based on a feedback control structure that ensures robust performance. Optimal tuning of the resonator is achieved despite system uncertainties such as variations in the excitation frequency and environmental changes. An experimental verification of the proposed control law is included. Sound pressure level reductions of up to 30 dB were achieved in an experimental duct system using a tunable Helmholtz resonator.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {de Bedout, J. M. and Franchek, M. A. and Bernhard, R. J. and Mongeau, L.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1997},
	pages = {109--123}
}

@article{chen_adsorption-induced_1995,
	title = {Adsorption-induced surface stress and its effects on resonance frequency of microcantilevers},
	volume = {77},
	shorttitle = {Adsorption-induced surface stress and its effects on resonance frequency of microcantilevers},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Chen, G. Y. and Thundat, T. and Wachter, E. A. and Warmack, R. J.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {3618--3622}
}

@article{vignola_alternative_nodate,
	title = {Alternative approach to rapid step response with limited ringing and light damping},
	volume = {in review},
	url = {http://jasa.peerx-press.org/ms_files/jasa/2012/09/14/00127153/00/127153_0_merged_1348077911.pdf},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Vignola, J. F. and Glean, A. A. J. and Judge, J. A. and Ryan, T. J.}
}

@inproceedings{omalley_amplitude_2011,
	address = {Washington, DC},
	series = {2011 {Proceedings} of the {ASME} {International} {Design} {Engineering} {Technical} {Conferences} and {Computers} and {Information} in {Engineering} {Conference}, {DETC}2011},
	title = {Amplitude and frequency dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio in {LDV} measurements},
	shorttitle = {Amplitude and frequency dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio in {LDV} measurements},
	booktitle = {23rd {Biennial} {Conference} on {Mechanical} {Vibration} and {Noise}},
	author = {O'Malley, Patrick F. and Vignola, Joseph F. and Judge, John A.},
	year = {2011}
}

@article{lang_artificial_1999,
	title = {An artificial nose based on a micromechanical cantilever array},
	volume = {393},
	issn = {0003-2670},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267099002834},
	doi = {10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00283-4},
	abstract = {A novel chemical sensor based on a micromechanical array of silicon cantilevers is presented. Chemical reactions are transduced by sensitization of cantilevers with coatings such as metals, self-assembled monolayers, or polymers into a mechanical response. This is read out using an optical beam-deflection technique by a sequential readout scheme. Reference cantilever sensors permit subtraction of background signals (differential measurement). Coating of each cantilever sensor with a different sensitive layer allows operation of the array-device as a new form of chemical nose. Detection of hydrogen, primary alcohols, natural flavors, and water vapor is demonstrated. We show that the magnitude of sensor response is proportional to the amount of analyte present.},
	number = {1-3},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
	author = {Lang, H. P. and Baller, M. K. and Berger, R and Gerber, Ch and Gimzewski, J. K. and Battiston, F. M. and Fornaro, P. and Ramseyer, J. P. and Meyer, E. and Guntherodt, H. J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, Chemical sensors, Artificial nose, Micromechanics, Nanoscale science, Olefaction},
	pages = {59--65}
}

@article{jensen_atomic-resolution_2008,
	title = {An atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1748-3387},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.200},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2008.200},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Nat Nano},
	author = {Jensen, K and Kim, Kwanpyo and Zettl, A},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {533--537},
	annote = {10.1038/nnano.2008.200}
}

@book{gurney_introduction_1997-1,
	title = {An {Introduction} to {Neural} {Networks}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-45151-9},
	abstract = {Though mathematical ideas underpin the study of neural networks, the author presents the fundamentals without the full mathematical apparatus. All aspects of the field are tackled, including artificial neurons as models of their real counterparts; the geometry of network action in pattern space; gradient descent methods, including back-propagation; associative memory and Hopfield nets; and self-organization and feature maps. The traditionally difficult topic of adaptive resonance theory is clarified within a hierarchical description of its operation. The book also includes several real-world examples to provide a concrete focus. This should enhance its appeal to those involved in the design, construction and management of networks in commercial environments and who wish to improve their understanding of network simulator packages. As a comprehensive and highly accessible introduction to one of the most important topics in cognitive and computer science, this volume should interest a wide range of readers, both students and professionals, in cognitive science, psychology, computer science and electrical engineering.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Gurney, Kevin},
	month = aug,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Computers / Operating Systems / General, Computers / Software Development \& Engineering / Systems Analysis \& Design, Technology \& Engineering / Automation}
}

@article{jung_optimized_2007,
	title = {An optimized {MEMS}-based electrolytic tilt sensor},
	volume = {139},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	shorttitle = {Selected {Papers} {From} the {Asia}-{Pacific} {Conference} of {Transducers} and {Micro}-{Nano} {Technology} ({APCOT} 2006) {Asia}-{Pacific} {Conference} of {Transducers} and {Micro}-{Nano} technology},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424706006844},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2006.10.059},
	abstract = {A tilt sensor has been realized based on electrolytic solution, which is filled in a micromachined 400 ÃÂ¼m-deep cavity and responded relative to tilt angle due to the gravity. The device consists of anisotropically etched deep cavity to contain electrolytic solution and Au/NiCr metal electrodes to detect the electrical signal formed on non-planar surfaces from the substrate surface to the bottom of the cavity. The tilting motion of the device changes the immersed area of the electrodes in the electrolytic solution and the unbalanced ratio of the elecrical siganal is monitored by the change in its resistance. Injected electrolyte solution should be carefully determined because it must have not only small resistance but also small viscosity. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is chosen as the electrolyte due to the relatively high ionic conductance and it is diluted with methanol for an optimized concentration considering the viscosity. The fabricated electrolytic tilt sensor is excited by an alternating current to prevent electrolysis in the electrolyte-filled cavity and measured by Wheatstone bridge circuit to read the variation of resistance with respect to an incoming inclination. Experiments reveal that the resistance of KOH electrolyte is smallest at 5 wt\% in its concentration and 800 Hz in the driving frequency. The tested Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-based electrolytic tilt sensor with KOH solution shows a resolution of approximately 50 mV per 1ÃÂ° of inclination angle change and operating angle range of ÃÂ±60ÃÂ°. The measured output characteristic of the fabricated MEMS-based electrolytic tilt sensor sustains comparison with other conventional electrolytic tilt sensors. Moreover, MEMS-based sensor prevails in its small size, low cost and possible mass production.},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Jung, H. and Kim, C. J. and Kong, S. H.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Electrolyte, MEMS, Shadow-mask, Tilt sensor},
	pages = {23--30}
}

@article{karabacak_analysis_2005,
	title = {Analysis of optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems},
	volume = {98},
	issn = {00218979},
	shorttitle = {Analysis of optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Ekinci JAP 2005-3256156160/Ekinci JAP 2005.pdf},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2148630},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Karabacak, D. and Kouh, T. and Ekinci, K. L.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {124309}
}

@article{asami_analytical_2002-1,
	title = {Analytical {Solutions} to {H} infinity and {H}2 {Optimization} of {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} {Attached} to {Damped} {Linear} {Systems}},
	volume = {124},
	shorttitle = {Analytical {Solutions} to {H} infinity and {H}2 {Optimization} of {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} {Attached} to {Damped} {Linear} {Systems}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Asami_J_vib_acous_2002-0963310848/Asami_J_vib_acous_2002.pdf},
	journal = {J. Vib. Acoust.},
	author = {Asami, Toshihiko and Nishihara, Osamu and Baz, Amr M.},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {284}
}

@article{zhang_application_2005,
	title = {Application of parametric resonance amplification in a single-crystal silicon micro-oscillator based mass sensor},
	volume = {122},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424705000695},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2004.12.033},
	abstract = {A mass sensing concept based on parametric resonance amplification is proposed and experimentally investigated using a non-interdigitated comb-finger driven micro-oscillator. Mass change can be detected by measuring frequency shift at the boundary of the first order parametric resonance Ã¢ÂÂtongueÃ¢ÂÂ. Both platinum deposition using focused ion beam (FIB) and water vapor desorption and absorption are used to change the mass of a prototype sensor. Due to the sharp transition in amplitude caused by parametric resonance, the sensitivity is 1Ã¢ÂÂ2 order of magnitude higher than the same oscillator working at Simple Harmonic Resonance (SHR) mode in air. Picogram (10Ã¢ÂÂ12 g) level mass change can be easily detected in the sensor with mass about 30 ng and resonance frequency less than 100 kHz. Damping effects and noise processes on sensor dynamics and sensing performance are also investigated and damping has no significant effect on sensor noise floor and sensitivity. Higher sensitivity is expected when the oscillator design is optimized and dimensions are scaled.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Zhang, W. and Turner, K. L.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Noise, MEMS, mass sensor, oscillator, parametric resonance, Chemical sensor, Vapor detection},
	pages = {23--30}
}

@article{lahaye_approaching_2004,
	title = {Approaching the {Quantum} {Limit} of a {Nanomechanical} {Resonator}},
	volume = {304},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/304/5667/74},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1094419},
	abstract = {By coupling a single-electron transistor to a highÃ¢ÂÂquality factor, 19.7-megahertz nanomechanical resonator, we demonstrate position detection approaching that set by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle limit. At millikelvin temperatures, position resolution a factor of 4.3 above the quantum limit is achieved and demonstrates the near-ideal performance of the single-electron transistor as a linear amplifier. We have observed the resonator's thermal motion at temperatures as low as 56 millikelvin, with quantum occupation factors of NTH = 58. The implications of this experiment reach from the ultimate limits of force microscopy to qubit readout for quantum information devices.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5667},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {LaHaye, M. D. and Buu, O. and Camarota, B. and Schwab, K. C.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {74--77}
}

@article{vignola_architectural_2008-1,
	title = {Architectural considerations of micro- and nanoresonators for mass detection in the presence of a fluid},
	volume = {104},
	shorttitle = {Architectural considerations of micro- and nanoresonators for mass detection in the presence of a fluid},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/vignola_2008_J_app_phys-1981116416/vignola_2008_J_app_phys.pdf},
	journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
	author = {Vignola, Joseph F. and Judge, John A.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {124305}
}

@inproceedings{klein_array_2005,
	title = {Array of {Nano}-{Cantilevers} as a {Bio}-{Assay} for {Cancer} {Diagnosis}},
	doi = {10.1109/ECTC.2005.1441327},
	abstract = {Not available},
	booktitle = {Electronic {Components} and {Technology} {Conference}, 2005. {Proceedings}. 55th},
	author = {Klein, K. M. and Zheng, J. and Gewirtz, A. and Sarma, D. S. and Rajalakshmi, S. and Sitaraman, K.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {583 --587}
}

@book{noauthor_asme_nodate,
	title = {{ASME} {DC} {\textbackslash}textbar {Topic} {Collections}},
	url = {http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org.proxycu.wrlc.org/collections.aspx},
	urldate = {2013-04-01}
}

@article{binnig_atomic_1986,
	title = {Atomic {Force} {Microscope}},
	volume = {56},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930},
	abstract = {The scanning tunneling microscope is proposed as a method to measure forces as small as 10-18 N. As one application for this concept, we introduce a new type of microscope capable of investigating surfaces of insulators on an atomic scale. The atomic force microscope is a combination of the principles of the scanning tunneling microscope and the stylus profilometer. It incorporates a probe that does not damage the surface. Our preliminary results in air demonstrate a lateral resolution of 30 ÃÂA and a vertical resolution less than 1 ÃÂ.},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Binnig, G. and Quate, C. F. and Gerber, Ch.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1986},
	pages = {930--933}
}

@article{chiu_atomic-scale_2008,
	title = {Atomic-{Scale} {Mass} {Sensing} {Using} {Carbon} {Nanotube} {Resonators}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1530-6984, 1530-6992},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl802181c},
	doi = {10.1021/nl802181c},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2013-03-19},
	journal = {Nano Letters},
	author = {Chiu, H.-Y. and Hung, P. and Postma, H. W. Ch. and Bockrath, M.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {4342--4346}
}

@article{judge_attachment_2007,
	title = {Attachment loss of micromechanical and nanomechanical resonators in the limits of thick and thin support structures},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {0021-8979},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2401271},
	abstract = {Analytical expressions are provided for the energy loss from vibrating mechanical resonators into their support structures for two limiting cases: supports that can be treated as plates, and supports that act as semi-infinite elastic media, with effectively infinite thickness. The former case is applicable to many microscale resonators, while the latter is appropriate for nanoscale devices. General formulations are given, applicable to a wide range of resonator geometries. These formulations are then applied to two geometries commonly used in microelectromechanical systems and nanelectromechanical systems applications: cantilevered beams and doubly fixed beams. Experimental data are presented to validate the finite-thickness support theory, and the predictions of the theory are also compared to data from existing literature for a microscale rectangular paddle oscillator.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Judge, J. A. and Photiadis, Douglas M. and Vignola, Joseph F. and Houston, Brian H. and Jarzynski, Jacek},
	month = jan,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {resonators, micromechanical},
	pages = {013521 --013521--11}
}

@article{photiadis_attachment_2004,
	title = {Attachment {Losses} of {High} {Q} {Oscillators}},
	volume = {85},
	shorttitle = {Attachment {Losses} of {High} {Q} {Oscillators}},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Photiadis, D. M. and Judge, J. A.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {482--484}
}

@article{ilic_attogram_2004,
	title = {Attogram detection using nanoelectromechanical oscillators},
	volume = {95},
	shorttitle = {Attogram detection using nanoelectromechanical oscillators},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Ilic, B. and Craighead, H. G. and Krylov, S. and Senaratne, W. and Ober, C. and Neuzil, P.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {3694}
}

@article{yu_bianalyte_2009,
	title = {Bianalyte mass detection with a single resonant microcantilever},
	volume = {94},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v94/i1/p011901_s1?isAuthorized=no&ver=pdfcov},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.3050460},
	abstract = {Mass-loading detection of multiple kinds of analyte with a single resonant microcantilever is proposed and experimentally validated. By exciting the cantilever in different resonance modes and adsorbing the different analytes at different locations of the cantilever, the specific mass of either kind of analyte can be independently detected. The proposed micromechanical resonant cantilever sensor is designed and fabricated using silicon micromachining techniques. Used as simulant adsorbates, Au and Cr thin films are selectively implemented on the cantilever to verify the bianalyte detecting function. The testing results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, with the detection error being an order of magnitude lower than the analyzed mass.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-01-31},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Yu, H. and Li, X.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {011901--011901--3}
}

@inproceedings{spletzer_biochemical_2005-1,
	title = {Biochemical {Mass} {Detection} {Using} {Mode} {Localization} in {Microcantilever} {Arrays}},
	volume = {2005},
	isbn = {0-7918-4215-0},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/ASMECP/v2005/i42150/p493/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1115/IMECE2005-81206},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	booktitle = {{ASME} 2005 {International} {Mechanical} {Engineering} {Congress} and {Exposition} ({IMECE}2005)},
	publisher = {ASME},
	author = {Spletzer, M. and Raman, A. and Reifenberger, R. and Wu, A. Q. and Xu, S.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {493--497}
}

@article{anderson_brainwashed_2000,
	title = {Brainwashed by {Feynman}?},
	volume = {53},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PTO/53/11/1},
	doi = {10.1063/1.882955},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2013-01-26},
	journal = {Physics Today},
	author = {Anderson, P. W.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {11--12}
}

@article{lang_cantilever_2005-1,
	title = {Cantilever array sensors},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1369-7021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702105007923},
	doi = {10.1016/S1369-7021(05)00792-3},
	abstract = {Miniaturized microfabricated sensors have enormous potential in gas detection, biochemical analysis, medical applications, quality and process control, and product authenticity issues. Here, we highlight an ultrasensitive mechanical way of converting (bio-)chemical or physical processes into a recordable signal using microfabricated cantilever arrays.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Materials Today},
	author = {Lang, H. P. and Hegner, M. and Gerber, C.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {30--36}
}

@article{pedersen_cantilever_2010,
	title = {Cantilever biosensor reader using a common-path, holographic optical interferometer},
	volume = {97},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v97/i22/p221110_s1?isAuthorized=no&ver=pdfcov},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.3522888},
	abstract = {We demonstrate an optical reader principle aimed at monitoring biologically induced deflections of microcantilevers often used in biosensor systems. The principle is based on a so-called common-path optical interferometer in which the two interfering optical beams are copropagating, which makes the system less sensitive to external disturbances. A detection limit of around 1 nmÃ¢ÂÂs deflection is demonstrated.},
	number = {22},
	urldate = {2012-01-31},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Pedersen, Henrik C and Jakobsen, Michael L and Hanson, Steen G and Dam-Hansen, Carsten and Olesen, Tom and Hansen, Poul},
	month = dec,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {221110--221110--3}
}

@article{raman_cantilever_2008,
	title = {Cantilever dynamics in atomic force microscopy},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1748-0132},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748013208700124},
	doi = {10.1016/S1748-0132(08)70012-4},
	abstract = {Dynamic atomic force microscopy, in essence, consists of a vibrating microcantilever with a nanoscale tip that interacts with a sample surface via short- and long-range intermolecular forces. Microcantilevers possess several distinct eigenmodes and the tip-sample interaction forces are highly nonlinear. As a consequence, cantilevers vibrate in interesting, often unanticipated ways; some are detrimental to imaging stability, while others can be exploited to enhance performance. Understanding these phenomena can offer deep insight into the physics of dynamic atomic force microscopy and provide exciting possibilities for achieving improved material contrast with gentle imaging forces in the next generation of instruments. Here we summarize recent research developments on cantilever dynamics in the atomic force microscope.},
	number = {1Ã¢ÂÂ2},
	urldate = {2012-02-28},
	journal = {Nano Today},
	author = {Raman, Arvind and Melcher, John and Tung, Ryan},
	month = apr,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {20--27}
}

@article{lavrik_cantilever_2004,
	title = {Cantilever transducers as a platform for chemical and biological sensors},
	volume = {75},
	shorttitle = {Cantilever transducers as a platform for chemical and biological sensors},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Lavrik, N. V. and Sepaniak, M. J. and Datskos, P. G.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {2229}
}

@article{ziegler_cantilever-based_2004,
	title = {Cantilever-based biosensors},
	volume = {379},
	issn = {1618-2642, 1618-2650},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/en8760y42ec77bch/},
	doi = {10.1007/s00216-004-2694-y},
	number = {7-8},
	urldate = {2012-02-25},
	journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
	author = {Ziegler, C.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2004}
}

@article{chen_chaos-induced_2008,
	title = {Chaos-induced intrinsic localized modes in coupled microcantilever arrays},
	volume = {92},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v92/i24/p241914_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2946494},
	abstract = {We find that intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) in microelectromechanical cantilever arrays can be induced by the spatiotemporal chaos dynamics. For typical settings, spatiotemporal chaos is ubiquitous and can act as a natural platform for ILMs to arise. Our study suggests an experimental approach to preventing ILMs, i.e., to choose the modulation frequency so as to place the system in a regime where there is a low energy stable state.},
	number = {24},
	urldate = {2012-01-31},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Chen, Qingfei and Huang, Liang and Lai, Ying-Cheng},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {241914--241914--3}
}

@phdthesis{woods_characterization_2009,
	address = {Washington, DC},
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Characterization of a tenor steelpan in reponse to impulse excitation using conformal scanning laser doppler vibrometry},
	shorttitle = {Characterization of a tenor steelpan in reponse to impulse excitation using conformal scanning laser doppler vibrometry},
	school = {The Catholic University of America},
	author = {Woods, Teresa Jean},
	year = {2009}
}

@article{choubey_characterization_2010,
	title = {Characterization of coupled micro/nanoresonators using inverse eigenvalue analysis},
	volume = {97},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB/v97/i13/p133114/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3491802},
	number = {13},
	urldate = {2012-02-14},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Choubey, B. and Anthony, Carl and Saad, Nor Hayati and Ward, Mike and Turnbull, Ross and Collins, Steve},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {133114}
}

@article{napoli_characterization_2005,
	title = {Characterization of electrostatically coupled microcantilevers},
	volume = {14},
	url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sb85255},
	abstract = {The use of tightly packed arrays of probes can achieve the much desirable goal of increasing the throughput of scanning probe devices. However the proximity of the probes induces coupling in their dynamics, which increases the complexity of the overall device. In this paper we analyze and model the behavior of a pair of electrostatically and mechanically coupled microcantilevers. For the common case of periodic driving voltage, we show that the underlying linearized dynamics are governed by a pair of coupled Mathieu equations. We provide experimental evidence that confirms the validity of the mathematical model proposed, which is verified by finite element simulations as well. The coefficients of electrostatic and mechanical coupling are estimated respectively by frequency identification methods and noise analysis. Finally, we discuss parametric resonance for coupled oscillators and include a mapping of the first order coupled parametric resonance region.},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Microelecromechanical Systems},
	author = {Napoli, M. and Zhang, W. H. and Turner, K. and Bamieh, B.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {electrostatically actuated microcantilevers, multiprobe devices, parametric resonance, system identification},
	pages = {295--304}
}

@book{noauthor_characterization_nodate,
	title = {Characterization of electrostatically coupled microcantilevers [{eScholarship}]},
	url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sb85255},
	urldate = {2013-03-19}
}

@article{biedermann_characterization_2010,
	title = {Characterization of silverÃ¢ÂÂgallium nanowires for force and mass sensing applications},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0957-4484, 1361-6528},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-4484/21/30/305701},
	doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/21/30/305701},
	number = {30},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nanotechnology},
	author = {Biedermann, Laura B and Tung, Ryan C and Raman, Arvind and Reifenberger, Ronald G and Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M and Cohn, Robert W},
	month = jul,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {305701}
}

@article{hughes_chemical_1991,
	title = {Chemical {Microsensors}},
	volume = {254},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/254/5028/74},
	doi = {10.1126/science.254.5028.74},
	abstract = {Rmecent developments in the field of chemical microsensors are leading to new applications for which these devices have the potential to supplement or replace traditional analytical chemical instrumentation. The fundamentals of current microelectronic, acoustic wave, optical fiber, and electrochemical microsensors are presented, and a few recent, exciting results in these areas are described. Although future opportunities in the microsensor field are numerous, many significant problems, the majority of them related to the materials utilized for the chemically sensitive layers that are the "front end" of these devices, remain to be explored and solved.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5028},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Hughes, R. C. and Ricco, A. J. and Butler, M. A. and Martin, S. J.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1991},
	pages = {74--80}
}

@book{noauthor_clemson_nodate,
	title = {Clemson {Vehicular} {Electronics} {Laboratory}: {Active} {Vibration} {Control}},
	url = {http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/auto/systems/active_vibration_control.html},
	urldate = {2013-03-18}
}

@inproceedings{nguyen_cmos_1993,
	title = {{CMOS} micromechanical resonator oscillator},
	doi = {10.1109/IEDM.1993.347242},
	abstract = {A completely monolithic high-Q oscillator, fabricated via a combined CMOS plus surface micromachining technology, is described, for which the oscillation frequency is controlled by a polysilicon micromechanical resonator to achieve stability and phase noise performance comparable to those of quartz crystal oscillators. It is shown that the closed-loop, steady-state oscillation amplitude of this oscillator can be controlled through the DC-bias voltage applied to the capacitively driven and sensed mu;resonator. Measurements indicate a phase noise density level of -168 dBm/Hz at 5 kHz offset frequency for an oscillator carrier power of -14.5 dBm},
	booktitle = {Electron {Devices} {Meeting}, 1993. {IEDM} '93. {Technical} {Digest}., {International}},
	author = {Nguyen, C.T.-C. and Howe, R.T.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1993},
	keywords = {oscillators, Noise, micromechanical devices, CMOS integrated circuits, Si, phase noise, CMOS micromechanical resonator oscillator, CMOS technology, DC-bias voltage, equivalent circuits, monolithic high-Q oscillator, polysilicon micromechanical resonator, stability, steady-state oscillation amplitude, surface micromachining technology, Resonators},
	pages = {199 --202}
}

@article{sato_colloquium:_2006,
	title = {Colloquium: {Nonlinear} energy localization and its manipulation in micromechanical oscillator arrays},
	volume = {78},
	shorttitle = {Colloquium},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.78.137},
	doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.78.137},
	abstract = {It has been known for some time that nonlinearity and discreteness play important roles in many branches of condensed-matter physics as evidenced by the appearance of domain walls, kinks, and solitons. A recent discovery is that localized dynamical energy in a perfect nonlinear lattice can be stabilized by the lattice discreteness. Intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) are the resulting signature. Their energy profiles resemble those of localized modes at defects in a harmonic lattice but, like solitons, they can move. ILMs have been observed in macroscopic arrays as diverse as coupled Josephson junctions, optical waveguides, two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals, and micromechanical cantilevers. Such dynamically driven localized modes are providing a new window into the underlying simplicity of nonequilibrium dynamics. This Colloquium surveys the studies of ILMs in micromechanical cantilever arrays. Because of the ease of sample fabrication with silicon technology and the intuitive optical visualization techniques, these experiments are able to demonstrate the general nature and properties of dynamical energy localization while at the same time providing new information on ILM generation, locking, pinning, and interaction with impurities.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	author = {Sato, M. and Hubbard, B. E. and Sievers, A. J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {137--157}
}

@article{adler_compact_1947,
	title = {Compact {Electromechanical} {Filters}.},
	volume = {20},
	shorttitle = {Compact {Electromechanical} {Filters}.},
	journal = {Electronics},
	author = {Adler, R.},
	year = {1947},
	pages = {100--105}
}

@article{arlett_comparative_2011,
	title = {Comparative advantages of mechanical biosensors},
	volume = {6},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2011 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
	issn = {1748-3387},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v6/n4/full/nnano.2011.44.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2011.44},
	abstract = {Mechanical interactions are fundamental to biology. Mechanical forces of chemical origin determine motility and adhesion on the cellular scale, and govern transport and affinity on the molecular scale. Biological sensing in the mechanical domain provides unique opportunities to measure forces, displacements and mass changes from cellular and subcellular processes. Nanomechanical systems are particularly well matched in size with molecular interactions, and provide a basis for biological probes with single-molecule sensitivity. Here we review micro- and nanoscale biosensors, with a particular focus on fast mechanical biosensing in fluid by mass- and force-based methods, and the challenges presented by non-specific interactions. We explain the general issues that will be critical to the success of any type of next-generation mechanical biosensor, such as the need to improve intrinsic device performance, fabrication reproducibility and system integration. We also discuss the need for a greater understanding of analyteÃ¢ÂÂsensor interactions on the nanoscale and of stochastic processes in the sensing environment.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-09-08},
	journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
	author = {Arlett, J. L. and Myers, E. B. and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Nanosensors and other devices, NEMS, Nanobiotechnology},
	pages = {203--215}
}

@article{lange_complementary_2002,
	title = {Complementary {Metal} {Oxide} {Semiconductor} {Cantilever} {Arrays} on a {Single} {Chip}: {Mass}-{Sensitive} {Detection} of {Volatile} {Organic} {Compounds}},
	volume = {74},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	shorttitle = {Complementary {Metal} {Oxide} {Semiconductor} {Cantilever} {Arrays} on a {Single} {Chip}},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac011269j},
	doi = {10.1021/ac011269j},
	abstract = {The sensing behavior of polymer-coated resonant cantilevers for mass-sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds was investigated. Industrial complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology combined with subsequent CMOS-compatible micromachining was used to fabricate a single-chip system comprising the transducers and all necessary driving and signal-conditioning circuitry. An analytical model was developed to describe the mass-sensing mechanism of polymer-coated resonant cantilevers. The model was validated by measurements of various gaseous analytes. As an exemplary application, the quantitative analysis of a binary mixture using an array of four cantilevers is described. Experimental results are given for the concentration prediction of a mixture of n-octane and toluene. Finally, it was established that the limit of detection achieved with cantilever sensors is comparable to that of other acoustic wave-based gas sensors.},
	number = {13},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	author = {Lange, D. and Hagleitner, C. and Hierlemann, A. and Brand, O. and Baltes, H.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {3084--3095}
}

@article{fortgang_concurrent_2005-1,
	title = {Concurrent {Design} of {Vibration} {Absorbers} and {Input} {Shapers}},
	volume = {127},
	shorttitle = {Concurrent {Design} of {Vibration} {Absorbers} and {Input} {Shapers}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/fortgang_J_dyn_meas_control_2005-1198610178/fortgang_J_dyn_meas_control_2005.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control},
	author = {Fortgang, Joel and Singhose, William},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {329--335}
}

@article{bartlett_conducting_1989,
	title = {Conducting polymer gas sensors {Part} {III}: {Results} for four different polymers and five different vapours},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0250-6874},
	shorttitle = {Conducting polymer gas sensors {Part} {III}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0250687489801271},
	doi = {10.1016/0250-6874(89)80127-1},
	abstract = {The application of four different conducting polymers (polypyrrole, poly-N-methylpyrrole, poly-5-carboxyindole and polyaniline) as sensors for organic vapours has been investigated. The sensors are formed by the electrochemical polymerization of the appropriate monomers across a 12 ÃÂ¼m gap between two gold microband electrodes. Upon exposure to vapours the polymers show conductivity changes that are rapid and in general reversible at room temperature. Of the four polymers investigated, under the deposition conditions employed and for the vapours used (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether and toluene), poly-5-caboxyindole is found to give the most stable, reproducible behaviour and to be the most promising material for sensor applications. The use of these materials in intelligent gas sensors is discussed.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-02-22},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators},
	author = {Bartlett, Philip N. and Ling-Chung, Sim K.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1989},
	pages = {287--292}
}

@article{hodges_confinement_1989-1,
	title = {Confinement of vibration by one-dimensional disorder, {I}: {Theory} of ensemble averaging},
	volume = {130},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X8990552X},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(89)90552-X},
	abstract = {The use of ensemble averaging procedures in studying the dynamics of structurally irregular mechanical systems is discussed. It is found that taking a linear average over the ensemble does not always yield the behaviour of a Ã¢ÂÂtypicalÃ¢ÂÂ member of that ensemble. Under certain circumstances there are occasional members with properties so exceptional as to weight the average appreciably, and the linear ensemble average can then be seriously misleading. The effect is illustrated by the response and transmission properties of two simple mechanical models, a system of coupled oscillators with varying natural frequencies, and a vibrating string or bending beam with irregularly spaced mass and spring constraints. The distinction between the ensemble average and the typical value is important in understanding the phenomenon of Anderson localization described previously [1Ã¢ÂÂ3] by using these two models. This paper provides some analytic results, while an accompanying paper [4] provides complementary results from a numerical study of the coupled-oscillator model.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Hodges, C. H. and Woodhouse, J.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1989},
	pages = {237--251}
}

@article{hodges_confinement_1989-2,
	title = {Confinement of vibration by one-dimensional disorder, {II}: {A} numerical experiment on different ensemble averages},
	volume = {130},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X89905531},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(89)90553-1},
	abstract = {When producing theoretical estimates of the effect of irregularity on the vibrational behaviour of a structure, as has been described previously [1Ã¢ÂÂ3], one aims to predict the behaviour of a typical irregular structure within the set considered. It might be thought that this would correspond to the ensemble-averaged behaviour over the whole set, but this need not be the case. In fact there are several different possible ways of taking Ã¢ÂÂtheÃ¢ÂÂ ensemble average, which can produce remarkably different results. Some of these do indeed correspond to the typical member of the ensemble, but some of them certainly do not, since rare configurations giving very large contributions to the average distort the answer. This problem is investigated here via a numerical experiment on a very simple system: the object is to complement the discussion in a companion paper [4], which gives theoretical analysis. The aims here are threefold: to know which average is the most appropriate in a given context; to understand why the other averages are different; and to identify the anomalous configurations making them different so that these can be avoided in designing real structures. A by-product is a better understanding of the averaging procedures used in the pastÃ¢ÂÂit has not always been recognized that these various averages can give radically different answers, and one can find instances where what was used was perhaps the easiest approach rather than the most appropriate one. In addition, the numerical experiment described here gives a good illustration of the basic phenomenon of Anderson localization in an acoustic context.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Hodges, C. H. and Woodhouse, J.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1989},
	pages = {253--268}
}

@article{hodges_confinement_1982,
	title = {Confinement of vibration by structural irregularity},
	volume = {82},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X82800229},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-460X(82)80022-9},
	abstract = {The propagation of vibrations in structures with some degree of extended disorder, i.e., departure from regularity or strict periodicity extended throughout the structure, is discussed. An account is given of the phenomenon of normal mode localization, caused under certain circumstances by the disorder. This phenomenon means that vibrational energy injected into the structure by an external source cannot propagate to arbitrarily large distances, but is instead substantially confined to a region close to the source. Specifically, it is shown that the steady state response of the structure decays exponentially away from the source. This phenomenon, predicted by P. W. Anderson in 1958 with applications in solid state physics in mind, has been of great importance in understanding electrical conduction processes in disordered solids and can be very important in acoustical problems as well. In particular, it means that the literature on periodic structures can be misleading in a qualitative, and not just a quantitative, manner. The phenomenon is illustrated in terms of two simple mechanical models, a system of coupled pendula and a vibrating string or bending beam with mass and spring constraints.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-03-16},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Hodges, C. H.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1982},
	pages = {411--424}
}

@inproceedings{judge_considerations_2009,
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	title = {Considerations for use of square-paddle resonators for arrays of micro- and nanoscale devices},
	shorttitle = {Considerations for use of square-paddle resonators for arrays of micro- and nanoscale devices},
	booktitle = {{ASME} 2009 {International} {Design} {Engineering} {Technical} {Conferences} and {Computers} and {Information} in {Engineering} {Conference} ({IDETC}/{CIE}2009)},
	author = {Judge, J. A. and Woods, T. J. and Vignola, J. F.},
	year = {2009}
}

@article{strasberg_continuous_1996-1,
	title = {Continuous structures as Ã¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂ substructures},
	volume = {100},
	shorttitle = {Continuous structures as Ã¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂ substructures},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/strasberg_jasa_1996-0096515840/strasberg_jasa_1996.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Strasberg, M.},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {3456--3459}
}

@article{strasberg_continuous_1996-2,
	title = {Continuous structures as Ã¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂ substructures},
	volume = {100},
	shorttitle = {Continuous structures as Ã¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂ substructures},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/strasberg_jasa_1996-0096515840/strasberg_jasa_1996.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Strasberg, M.},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {3456--3459}
}

@book{reynolds_controller_2012,
	title = {Controller architectures for optimum performance in practical active acoustic metamaterials},
	url = {http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345923/},
	abstract = {Over the last decade there has been significant interest in the design and production of acoustic metamaterials with physical qualities not seen in naturally occurring media. Progress in this area has been stimulated by the desire to create materials that exhibit novel behaviour when subject to acoustic waves,such as negative refraction or the appearance of band gaps in the frequency response of the material. Proposed designs range from locally resonant phononic crystals to arrays of Helmholtz resonators within ducts and past research has investigated both passive and active materials. Much of the research into active acoustic metamaterials remains theoretical, therefore to determine whether such materials are physically realisable and of potentially practical use it is important to understand the physical constraints that may arise in a produced active metamaterial. In this paper a 1-dimensional active acoustic metamaterial derived from a passive, Helmholtz resonator based design is considered where the applied control forces produce controllable double negative behaviour. The physical dimensions and active forces required to achieve the desired novel behaviour are explored for different architectures and any trade-offs that might have to be considered when producing a practically useful active metamaterial are identified},
	urldate = {2013-06-10},
	author = {Reynolds, Matthew and Daley, Steve and Gao, Yan and Pope, Simon},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {QC Physics}
}

@article{lagarias_convergence_1998-1,
	title = {Convergence {Properties} of the {Nelder}Ã¢ÂÂ{Mead} {Simplex} {Method} in {Low} {Dimensions}},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1052-6234, 1095-7189},
	url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/s1052623496303470?journalCode=sjope8},
	doi = {10.1137/S1052623496303470},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-26},
	journal = {SIAM Journal on Optimization},
	author = {Lagarias, Jeffrey C. and Reeds, James A. and Wright, Margaret H. and Wright, Paul E.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1998},
	pages = {112--147}
}

@article{naik_cooling_2006,
	title = {Cooling a nanomechanical resonator with quantum back-action},
	volume = {443},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2006 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v443/n7108/abs/nature05027.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nature05027},
	abstract = {Quantum mechanics demands that the act of measurement must affect the measured object. When a linear amplifier is used to continuously monitor the position of an object, the Heisenberg uncertainty relationship requires that the object be driven by force impulses, called back-action. Here we measure the back-action of a superconducting single-electron transistor (SSET) on a radio-frequency nanomechanical resonator. The conductance of the SSET, which is capacitively coupled to the resonator, provides a sensitive probe of the latter's position; back-action effects manifest themselves as an effective thermal bath, the properties of which depend sensitively on SSET bias conditions. Surprisingly, when the SSET is biased near a transport resonance, we observe cooling of the nanomechanical mode from 550 mK to 300 mKÃ¢ÂÂan effect that is analogous to laser cooling in atomic physics. Our measurements have implications for nanomechanical readout of quantum information devices and the limits of ultrasensitive force microscopy (such as single-nuclear-spin magnetic resonance force microscopy). Furthermore, we anticipate the use of these back-action effects to prepare ultracold and quantum states of mechanical structures, which would not be accessible with existing technology.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7108},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Naik, A. K. and Buu, O. and LaHaye, M. D. and Armour, A. D. and Clerk, A. A. and Blencowe, M. P. and Schwab, K. C.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, Physics, pharmacology, evolutionary biology, ecology, astronomy, astrophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, biotechnology, cancer, cell cycle, climate change, computational biology, development, developmental biology, DNA, drug discovery, earth science, environmental science, evolution, functional genomics, genetics, genomics, geophysics, immunology, interdisciplinary science, life, marine biology, materials science, medical research, medicine, metabolomics, molecular biology, molecular interactions, nature, neurobiology, neuroscience, palaeobiology, proteomics, quantum physics, RNA, science, science news, science policy, signal transduction, structural biology, systems biology, transcriptomics, cell signalling.},
	pages = {193--196}
}

@phdthesis{suh_coupled_2011,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Coupled dynamics of a nanomechanical resonator and superconducting quantum circuits},
	abstract = {The coupled dynamics of a nanomechanical resonator and superconducting quantum circuits are studied in three experiments, in the context of studying the quantum limit for force detection and quantum physics of macroscopic objects. In the first experiment, the dispersive mechanical resonance shift from the interaction with a Cooper-pair box qubit is studied. The measured coupling strength is large enough to satisfy one of the conditions required to perform many of the proposed quantum nanomechanical measurements. The resonance shift also probes the microwave-driven response of the qubit, showing Rabi oscillation and Landau-Zener tunneling, proving the coherent dynamics of the qubit. Second, the parametric excitation of nanomechanical motion is studied via experiments with a driven qubit. Degenerate parametric amplification and oscillation are demonstrated, with a new observation of nonlinear dissipation. The squeezing of the back-action noise from the detection amplifier is also observed, up to 4dB. It is the first demonstration using a qubit as an auxiliary system to modify the nanomechanical dynamics, showing a possible route for generation of nanomechanical quantum states. Finally, back-action cooling of nanomechanical motion has been investigated, which is implemented by capacitively coupling a high-Q coplanar waveguide microwave resonator to a nanomechanical resonator. The thermal state with 7.5 mechanical quanta on average is reached, a result that is ultimately limited due to increased bath heating with microwave power. The heating is consistent with a model based on two-level systems resonantly coupled to the nanomechanical mode. This additional heating suggests future efforts to improve coupling and for reducing two-level system density in materials employed to reach the motional ground state via back-action cooling.},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	school = {Califormia Institute of Technology},
	author = {Suh, Junho},
	year = {2011}
}

@article{griffin_coupled_2000,
	title = {Coupled {Helmholtz} {Resonators} for {Acoustic} {Attenuation}},
	volume = {123},
	issn = {0739-3717},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1320812},
	doi = {10.1115/1.1320812},
	abstract = {Helmholtz resonators are used in a variety of applications to reduce the transmission of unwanted sound. This work demonstrates that mechanically coupled resonators can be used to design a particular transmission loss response, provide a wider bandwidth of attenuation, and adapt the transmission loss characteristics of a structure to attenuate disturbances of varying frequency. An analytical model is developed for a single, coupled resonator system mounted on a one-dimensional duct. Experiments are conducted on a similar system that uses a thin membrane to couple the resonator volumes. A simplistic model of the membrane is presented to estimate equivalent Ã¢ÂÂpistonÃ¢ÂÂ properties from measured physical properties. Experiments confirm that the coupled resonator system behaves as predicted by the model simulations, and that the transmission loss can be shaped by adjusting the mass or stiffness of the coupling member. The experimental results also illustrate the structural-acoustic coupling effects between the resonators and the membrane, and indicate that a more inclusive model of the membrane and acoustic dynamics is required in order to accurately predict the resonator transmission loss.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Griffin, Steve and Lane, Steven A. and Huybrechts, Steve},
	month = aug,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {11--17}
}

@article{greywall_coupled_2002,
	title = {Coupled micromechanical drumhead resonators with practical application as electromechanical bandpass filters},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {0960-1317},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/12/6/325},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/12/6/325},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Greywall, D. S. and Busch, P. A.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {925--938}
}

@article{maidanik_dependence_2003-1,
	title = {Dependence of the induced loss factor on the coupling forms and coupling strengths: linear analysis},
	volume = {266},
	shorttitle = {Dependence of the induced loss factor on the coupling forms and coupling strengths: linear analysis},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/maidanik_JSV_2003-3697535236/maidanik_JSV_2003.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K. J.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {15--32},
	annote = {1}
}

@article{jianqiang_dependence_2002,
	title = {Dependence of the resonance frequency of thermally excited microcantilever resonators on temperature},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424702001462},
	doi = {10.1016/S0924-4247(02)00146-2},
	abstract = {The dependence of the resonance frequency of thermally excited microcantilever resonators on temperature has been reported by several papers. All these papers ignored the film grown or deposited on the surface of a cantilever and regarded the beam as a single layer one. As a result, there was difference between the theoretical model and experimental results. The paper proposes a bilayer beam model to calculate the dependence of resonance frequency on temperature. This novel model regard the film as another mechanical layer and takes the induced mass by the surrounding gas into account. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results.},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Jianqiang, H. and Changchun, Z. and Junhua, L. and Yongning, H.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Microcantilever, Resonator, Induced mass, Thermal excitation},
	pages = {37--41}
}

@article{wei_design_2012,
	title = {Design and characterization of a {CMOS} {MEMS} capacitive resonant sensor array},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0960-1317},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org.proxycu.wrlc.org/0960-1317/22/12/125030},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/22/12/125030},
	abstract = {Resonant sensing has been used to detect various physical or chemical quantities, however many reported sensing systems are still bulky and expensive as they rely on external instruments to conduct measurements. For practical applications, it is often desirable to have a low-cost miniaturized sensor chip with multiple sensing devices. This paper presents the first attempt to implement a capacitive resonant sensor array in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. The damping loss of all sensors is compensated by placing them in an oscillator loop that contains a phase-locked loop (PLL) driving circuit. The inclusion of a PLL is beneficial for sustaining the oscillation of various resonant frequencies due to the manufacturing tolerance and detected quantity within the PLL capture range. The fabricated micromechanical resonators have a resonant frequency near 200 kHz. To evaluate the sensor performance, a parylene-D thin film was deposited on microstructures and the corresponding frequency shift of 12 devices was on average 33.87 kHz. The resolution for mass detection was estimated to be 23 pg.},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Wei, G.-C. and Lu, M. S.-C.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {125030}
}

@article{beeby_design_2000,
	title = {Design and fabrication of a micromachined silicon accelerometer with thick-film printed {PZT} sensors},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {0960-1317, 1361-6439},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/10/3/304},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/10/3/304},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-10-09},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Beeby, S. P. and Ross, J. N. and White, N. M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {322--328}
}

@article{rice_design_1993-1,
	title = {Design {Of} {Multiple} {Vibration} {Absorber} {Systems} {Using} {Modal} {Data}},
	volume = {160},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X83710333},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1993.1033},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Rice, H.J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {378--385}
}

@article{fortgang_design_2005-1,
	title = {Design of {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Step} {Motions} and {Step} {Disturbances}},
	volume = {127},
	shorttitle = {Design of {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Step} {Motions} and {Step} {Disturbances}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/fortgang_ASME_2005-0410081026/fortgang_ASME_2005.pdf},
	journal = {Transactions of the ASME},
	author = {Fortgang, Joel and Singhose, William},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {160--163}
}

@article{dhayal_detection_2006,
	title = {Detection of {Bacillus} subtilis {Spores} {Using} {Peptide}-{Functionalized} {Cantilever} {Arrays}},
	volume = {128},
	issn = {0002-7863},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0570887},
	doi = {10.1021/ja0570887},
	abstract = {We move beyond antibody?antigen binding systems and demonstrate that short peptide ligands can be used to efficiently capture Bacillus subtilis (a simulant of Bacillus anthracis) spores in liquids. On an eight-cantilever array chip, four cantilevers were coated with binding peptide (NHFLPKV-GGGC) and the other four were coated with control peptide (LFNKHVP-GGGC) for reagentless detection of whole B. subtilis spores in liquids. The peptide-ligand-functionalized microcantilever chip was mounted onto a fluid cell filled with a B. subtilis spore suspension for ?40 min; a 40 nm net differential deflection was observed. Fifth-mode resonant frequency measurements were also performed before and after dipping microcantilever arrays into a static B. subtilis solution showing a substantial decrease in frequency for binding-peptide-coated microcantilevers as compared to that for control peptide cantilevers. Further confirmation was obtained by subsequent examination of the microcantilever arrays under a dark-field microscope. Applications of this technology will serve as a platform for the detection of pathogenic organisms including biowarfare agents. We move beyond antibody?antigen binding systems and demonstrate that short peptide ligands can be used to efficiently capture Bacillus subtilis (a simulant of Bacillus anthracis) spores in liquids. On an eight-cantilever array chip, four cantilevers were coated with binding peptide (NHFLPKV-GGGC) and the other four were coated with control peptide (LFNKHVP-GGGC) for reagentless detection of whole B. subtilis spores in liquids. The peptide-ligand-functionalized microcantilever chip was mounted onto a fluid cell filled with a B. subtilis spore suspension for ?40 min; a 40 nm net differential deflection was observed. Fifth-mode resonant frequency measurements were also performed before and after dipping microcantilever arrays into a static B. subtilis solution showing a substantial decrease in frequency for binding-peptide-coated microcantilevers as compared to that for control peptide cantilevers. Further confirmation was obtained by subsequent examination of the microcantilever arrays under a dark-field microscope. Applications of this technology will serve as a platform for the detection of pathogenic organisms including biowarfare agents.},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	author = {Dhayal, B. and Henne, W. A. and Doorneweerd, D. D. and Reifenberger, R. G. and Low, P. S.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {3716--3721}
}

@article{stetter_detection_1986,
	title = {Detection of hazardous gases and vapors: pattern recognition analysis of data from an electrochemical sensor array},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	shorttitle = {Detection of hazardous gases and vapors},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00295a047},
	doi = {10.1021/ac00295a047},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2014-02-22},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	author = {Stetter, Joseph R. and Jurs, Peter C. and Rose, Susan L.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1986},
	pages = {860--866}
}

@article{pinnaduwage_detection_2004,
	title = {Detection of {Hexavalent} {Chromium} in {Ground} {Water} {Using} a {Single} {Microcantilever} {Sensor}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1546198X, 15461971},
	url = {http://ag7fp7va8v.scholar.serialssolutions.com/?sid=google&auinit=LA&aulast=Pinnaduwage&atitle=Detection+of+hexavalent+chromium+in+ground+water+using+a+single+microcantilever+sensor&id=doi:10.1166/sl.2004.028},
	doi = {10.1166/sl.2004.028},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensor Letters},
	author = {Pinnaduwage, L. A. and Boiadjiev, V. I. and Brown, G. M. and Thundat, T. and Petersen, S. W.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {25--30}
}

@article{thundat_detection_1995-1,
	title = {Detection of mercury vapor using resonating microcantilevers},
	volume = {66},
	shorttitle = {Detection of mercury vapor using resonating microcantilevers},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/thundat_apl_95-3362868226/thundat_apl_95.pdf},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Wachter, E. A. and Sharp, S. L. and Warmack, R. J.},
	year = {1995}
}

@article{pinnaduwage_detection_2004-1,
	title = {Detection of trinitrotoluene via deflagration on a microcantilever},
	volume = {95},
	issn = {0021-8979},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1697619},
	abstract = {We describe in detail the detection of deflagration of trinitrotoluene (TNT) deposited on a piezoresistive microcantilever and point out its possible use for explosive-vapor detection. The deflagration of TNT causes the cantilever to bend (due to released heat) and its resonance frequency to shift (due to mass unloading). Explosive vapors provide unique responses that are absent for \#x201c;interferences \#x201d; such as water or alcohol vapors. The proposed sensor makes possible a sensitive, miniature explosives detection device that may be deployed in large numbers. The minimum amount of TNT detected on the cantilever depends on the cantilever dimensions and was \#x2248;50 pg for the batch of cantilevers used. \#xa9; 2004 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Pinnaduwage, L. A. and Wig, A. and Hedden, D. L. and Gehl, A. and Yi, D. and Thundat, T. and Lareau, R. T.},
	month = may,
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {microsensors, Resonance, gas sensors, organic compounds, piezoresistive devices},
	pages = {5871 --5875}
}

@article{maute_detection_1999,
	title = {Detection of volatile organic compounds ({VOCs}) with polymer-coated cantilevers},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {0925-4005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400599001100},
	doi = {10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00110-0},
	abstract = {Changes in the resonance frequency of polymer-coated cantilevers due to gas absorption is shown to be a promising detection mechanism for gases. We prepared SiNx cantilevers based on micromachined Si wafers and used polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as polymeric prototype coating. We measured the resonance frequency response of cantilevers end-coated with polymer on exposure to different vapor concentrations of n-octane, toluene, and n-butanole and determined high sensitivities with respect to cantilevers without polymer coating. By using the first higher resonance mode, we found with our configuration sensitivities up to Ã¢ÂÂ0.0988 Hz/ppm for small concentrations of n-octane. It is demonstrated here how the sensitivity of the chemical sensor can be improved by varying the deposited polymer mass.},
	number = {1-3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
	author = {Maute, M. and Raible, S. and Prins, F.E. and Kern, D.P. and Ulmer, H. and Weimar, U. and GÃÂ¶pel, W.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {Resonance frequency, Cantilever, Polymer},
	pages = {505--511}
}

@inproceedings{paul_development_1969,
	title = {Development and {Evaluation} of the {Main} {Rotor} {Bifilar} {Absorber}},
	booktitle = {25th {Annual} {National} {Forum} of the {American} {Helicopter} {Society}},
	author = {Paul, William F},
	year = {1969}
}

@article{ricciardi_development_2010,
	title = {Development of microcantilever-based biosensor array to detect {Angiopoietin}-1, a marker of tumor angiogenesis},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {0956-5663},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095656630900551X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.006},
	abstract = {Microcantilever biosensors have been proposed in the last years as very sensitive mass detectors, but few works focused on the precision and specificity of such tools. We measured the repeatability and reproducibility of our cantilever-based system, proponing the combination of results coming from both the first and second mode of vibration. Then, we optimized two biodesigns (a receptor-based and an antibody-based) to the detection of Angiopoietin-1, a possible marker in tumor progression. The reported results show that our microcantilever-based system can detect Angiopoietin-1 masses of the order of few hundreds of picograms with less than 0.5\% of relative uncertainty. We showed that the evaluation of the protein surface density (number of molecules per cm2) could reveal interesting features concerning the multimerization state of the targeted protein. We also performed negative controls (dipping the sample in PBS without proteins) and specificity tests (dipping the sample in PBS with a Ã¢ÂÂfalseÃ¢ÂÂ antigen). The related frequency shifts coming from non-specific interactions were found to be at least one order of magnitude lower than typical variations due to specific protein binding. Thanks to its fine precision and optimal specificity, our microcantilever-based system can be successfully applied as a quantitative tool for systems biology studies such as the comprehension of angiogenic machinery and cancer progression.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2014-03-05},
	journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
	author = {Ricciardi, Carlo and Fiorilli, Sonia and Bianco, Stefano and Canavese, Giancarlo and Castagna, Riccardo and Ferrante, Ivan and Digregorio, Gabriella and Marasso, Simone Luigi and Napione, Lucia and Bussolino, Federico},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Microcantilever, Angiogenesis, Precision, Protein detection, Specificity},
	pages = {1193--1198}
}

@article{ricciardi_development_2010-1,
	title = {Development of microcantilever-based biosensor array to detect {Angiopoietin}-1, a marker of tumor angiogenesis},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {0956-5663},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095656630900551X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.006},
	abstract = {Microcantilever biosensors have been proposed in the last years as very sensitive mass detectors, but few works focused on the precision and specificity of such tools. We measured the repeatability and reproducibility of our cantilever-based system, proponing the combination of results coming from both the first and second mode of vibration. Then, we optimized two biodesigns (a receptor-based and an antibody-based) to the detection of Angiopoietin-1, a possible marker in tumor progression. The reported results show that our microcantilever-based system can detect Angiopoietin-1 masses of the order of few hundreds of picograms with less than 0.5\% of relative uncertainty. We showed that the evaluation of the protein surface density (number of molecules per cm2) could reveal interesting features concerning the multimerization state of the targeted protein. We also performed negative controls (dipping the sample in PBS without proteins) and specificity tests (dipping the sample in PBS with a Ã¢ÂÂfalseÃ¢ÂÂ antigen). The related frequency shifts coming from non-specific interactions were found to be at least one order of magnitude lower than typical variations due to specific protein binding. Thanks to its fine precision and optimal specificity, our microcantilever-based system can be successfully applied as a quantitative tool for systems biology studies such as the comprehension of angiogenic machinery and cancer progression.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2014-03-18},
	journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
	author = {Ricciardi, Carlo and Fiorilli, Sonia and Bianco, Stefano and Canavese, Giancarlo and Castagna, Riccardo and Ferrante, Ivan and Digregorio, Gabriella and Marasso, Simone Luigi and Napione, Lucia and Bussolino, Federico},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Microcantilever, Angiogenesis, Precision, Protein detection, Specificity},
	pages = {1193--1198}
}

@article{linderman_development_2002,
	title = {Development of the micro rotary fan},
	volume = {95},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	shorttitle = {Papers from the {Proceedings} of the 14th {IEEE} {Internat}. {Conf}. on {MicroElectroMechanical} {Systems}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424701007245},
	doi = {10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00724-5},
	abstract = {This paper reports on the design and experimental evaluation of novel MEMS based rotary fans. Both flip-chip and solder self-assembled designs are demonstrated Ã¢ÂÂ each utilizing a scratch drive actuator (SDA) rotary motor with forward and reverse control at speeds up to 180 rpm. The SDA motor is powered using a sinusoidal 30Ã¢ÂÂ150 V0-P ac signal at frequencies from 2Ã¢ÂÂ15 kHz. Resonant mode vibration at 3 kHz allowed the fan motor to be driven using ac signals of less than 30 V0-P. The fan blades are rotated to a specific angle-of-attack using gold coated polysilicon bimorph structures or solder assembly mechanisms. The advantages to each assembly option are discussed with solutions applicable to many electromechanically coupled micro systems. The fabrication and assembly techniques used to create the MEMS fans are well suited for mass production for commercial applications. A versatile flow visualization technique for MEMS based gas flow actuators is also demonstrated using laser illuminated smoke particles introduced into a macro scale chamber containing the fan.},
	number = {2-3},
	urldate = {2013-03-08},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Linderman, R. J. and Kladitis, P. E. and Bright, V. M.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Flip-chip assembly, Micro fan, Micro flow visualization, Micro fluidic transport, Scratch drive actuator (SDA), Solder assembly},
	pages = {135--142}
}

@article{thiruvenkatanathan_differential_2010,
	title = {Differential amplification of structural perturbations in weakly coupled {MEMS} resonators},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {0885-3010},
	doi = {10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1466},
	abstract = {Measuring shifts in eigenstates caused by vibration localization in an array of weakly coupled resonators offers 2 distinct advantages for sensor applications compared with the technique of simply measuring resonant frequency shifts: 1) orders of magnitude enhancement in parametric sensitivity; and 2) intrinsic common mode rejection. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the common mode rejection in weakly coupled MEMS resonators with significant potential implications for sensor applications. The vibration behavior is studied in pairs of nearly identical MEMS resonators that are electrically coupled and subjected to small perturbations in stiffness under different ambient pressure and temperature. The shifts in the eigenstates for the same parametric perturbation in stiffness are experimentally demonstrated to be more than 3 orders of magnitude greater than corresponding resonant frequency variations. They are also shown to remain relatively constant to variations in ambient temperature and pressure. This increased relative robustness to environmental drift, along with the advantage of ultra-high parametric sensitivity, opens the door to an alternative approach to achieving higher sensitivity and stability in micromechanical sensors.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control},
	author = {Thiruvenkatanathan, P. and Yan, Jize and Seshia, A.A.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {microsensors, Resonant frequency, Frequency measurement, vibration measurement, elastic constants, stiffness, micromechanical devices, perturbation techniques, micromechanical resonators, vibrational modes, Sensor arrays, Temperature sensors, Couplings, differential amplification, eigenstates, gain measurement, intrinsic common mode rejection, micromechanical sensors, resonant frequency shifts, resonant frequency variations, Robust stability, structural perturbations, ultrahigh parametric sensitivity, vibration behavior, vibration localization, weakly coupled MEMS resonator array, weakly coupled MEMS resonators, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions},
	pages = {690--697}
}

@inproceedings{glean_disorder_2011,
	title = {Disorder in subordinate oscillators arrays used to shape the response of dynamic systems},
	volume = {129},
	shorttitle = {Disorder in subordinate oscillators arrays used to shape the response of dynamic systems},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/129/2612/2},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3588671},
	booktitle = {The 161st {Meeting} of the {Acoustical} {Society} of {America}},
	author = {Glean, A. A. J. and Vignola, J. F. and Judge, J. A. and Woods, T. J. and O'Malley, P. F.},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2612--2612}
}

@article{judge_dissipation_2008,
	title = {Dissipation from microscale and nanoscale beam resonators into a surrounding fluid},
	shorttitle = {Dissipation from microscale and nanoscale beam resonators into a surrounding fluid},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/APL_unified_fluidloss 2008-0677072896/APL_unified_fluidloss 2008.pdf},
	journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
	author = {Judge, J. A. and Vignola, Joseph F. and Jarzynski, Jacek},
	year = {2008}
}

@article{fujinami_dynamic_1990,
	title = {Dynamic absorber using lever and pendulum mechanism installed to top of structure},
	volume = {197},
	journal = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division(Publication) PVP},
	author = {Fujinami, T and Yamamoto, S},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {143--148}
}

@article{wang_dynamic_2001-1,
	title = {Dynamic {Analysis} of a {Tall} {Building} {With} a {Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Device} {Subjected} to {Earthquake} {Excitations}},
	volume = {244},
	shorttitle = {Dynamic {Analysis} of a {Tall} {Building} {With} a {Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Device} {Subjected} to {Earthquake} {Excitations}},
	journal = {Journal of Sound \& Vibration},
	author = {Wang, A. P. and Fung, R. F. and Huang, S. C.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {123--136},
	annote = {1}
}

@article{xu_dynamic_1992-1,
	title = {Dynamic characteristics of multiple substructures with closely spaced frequencies},
	volume = {21},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 1992 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eqe.4290211203/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/eqe.4290211203},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {Xu, Kangming and Igusa, Takeru},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1059--1070}
}

@article{abe_dynamic_1994,
	title = {Dynamic characterization of multiple tuned mass dampers and some design formulas},
	volume = {23},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 1994 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eqe.4290230802/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/eqe.4290230802},
	abstract = {Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers (MTMD) consist of a large number of small oscillators with natural frequencies distributed around the natural frequency of a controlled mode of the structure. In the present paper, the modal characteristics and efficiency of the MTMD are studied analytically. Perturbation solutions for the modal properties of the MTMDÃ¢ÂÂstructure system are obtained and the modal characteristics are discussed. An explicit formula to estimate the effectiveness of the MTMD subjected to harmonic forces is also derived. It is shown that the MTMD is efficient when at least one of the oscillators is strongly coupled with the structure in any mode. Based on this observation, a critical bandwidth of the natural frequencies of the MTMD to make the system multiply tuned is derived in a simple form, and furthermore a robustness criterion for the frequency tuning under a given bandwidth is proposed. It is shown that, when properly designed, the MTMD can be much more stable (robust) than a conventional single TMD while maintaining more or less the same efficiency. Numerical studies verify the accuracy of the perturbation solutions and the proposed formulas.},
	language = {en},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {AbÃÂ©, Masato and Fujino, Yozo},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {813--835}
}

@article{basak_dynamic_2005,
	title = {Dynamic response optimization of piezoelectrically excited thin resonant beams},
	volume = {127},
	issn = {1048-9002},
	url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16768945},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Basak, S. and Raman, A. and Garimella, S. V.},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Hamiltonian mechanics, MecÃÂ¡nica hamiltoniana, MÃÂ©canique hamiltonienne, Vibration, Finite element method, Modeling, Stress analysis, Optimization, Piezoelectricity, Acoplamiento electromecÃÂ¡nico, Adhesive joint, AnÃÂ¡lisis tensiÃÂ³n, Analyse contrainte, AsimetrÃÂ­a, Assemblage collÃÂ©, AsymÃÂ©trie, Asymmetry, Captador ÃÂ³ptico, Capteur optique, CerÃÂ¡mica piezoelÃÂ©ctrica, CÃÂ©ramique piÃÂ©zoÃÂ©lectrique, Chopper, ConcepciÃÂ³n optimal, Conception optimale, Constitutive equation, Couplage ÃÂ©lectromÃÂ©canique, Coupling factor, Dispositif microÃÂ©lectromÃÂ©canique, Dispositivo microelectromecÃÂ¡nico, Dynamic programming, EcuaciÃÂ³n constitutiva, Eigenfunction, Eigenvalue problem, Electromechanical coupling, Electromechanical properties, Ensambladura pegada, Equation constitutive, Estudio experimental, Etude expÃÂ©rimentale, Experimental study, Facteur couplage, Factor acoplamiento, Fan, Fonction propre, FunciÃÂ³n propia, Hacheur, Medida ÃÂ³ptica, Mesure optique, MÃÂ©thode ÃÂ©lÃÂ©ment fini, MÃÂ©todo elemento finito, Microelectromechanical device, ModÃÂ©lisation, ModelizaciÃÂ³n, Optical measurement, Optical sensor, Optimal design, Optimisation, OptimizaciÃÂ³n, Picador, Piezoelectric ceramics, Piezoelectric sensor, Piezoelectricidad, PiÃÂ©zoÃÂ©lectricitÃÂ©, Poutre ÃÂ©lancÃÂ©e, Poutre mince, Problema valor propio, ProblÃÂ¨me valeur propre, ProgramaciÃÂ³n dinÃÂ¡mica, Programmation dynamique, Propiedad electromecÃÂ¡nica, PropriÃÂ©tÃÂ© ÃÂ©lectromÃÂ©canique, Resonador, RÃÂ©sonateur, Resonator, Slender beam, Surface transducer, Thin webbed beam, Transducteur piÃÂ©zoÃÂ©lectrique, Transducteur superficiel, Transductor piezoelectrico, Transductor superficial, Ventilador, Ventilateur, VibraciÃÂ³n, Viga delgada, Viga esbelta},
	pages = {18--27}
}

@book{korenev_dynamic_1993-1,
	address = {West Sussex},
	title = {Dynamic {Vibration} {Absorbers}},
	shorttitle = {Dynamic {Vibration} {Absorbers}},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Korenev, Boris G. and Reznikov, Leonid M.},
	year = {1993}
}

@article{bhiladvala_effect_2004,
	title = {Effect of fluids on the {Q} factor and resonance frequency of oscillating micrometer and nanometer scale beams},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {1539-3755, 1550-2376},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhRvE..69c6307B},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.69.036307},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	author = {Bhiladvala, R. B. and Wang, Z. J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2004}
}

@article{ganghua_yu_effect_2008,
	title = {Effect of internal resistance of a {Helmholtz} resonator on acoustic energy reduction in enclosures},
	volume = {124},
	issn = {00014966},
	url = {http://proxycu.wrlc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=36425972&site=ehost-live},
	doi = {10.1121/1.2996328},
	abstract = {The effect of internal resistance of a Helmholtz resonator on acoustic energy reduction in an enclosure and the multimodal coupling-based Helmholtz resonator design are investigated. Using the analytical solution of a resonator-enclosure interaction model, an energy reduction index is defined in a frequency band to optimize the resonator resistance. The dual process of energy dissipation and radiation of the resonator is quantified. Optimal resistance of the resonator and its physical effect on the resonator-enclosure interaction are numerically evaluated and categorized in terms of frequency bandwidths. Predictions on the resonator performance are confirmed by experiments. Comparisons with existing models based on different optimization criteria are also performed. It is shown that the proposed model serves as an effective design tool to determine the internal resistance of the resonator in order to achieve sound reduction in the frequency band enclosing acoustic resonances.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2013-06-29},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {{Ganghua Yu} and {Deyu Li} and {Li Cheng}},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	lccn = {36425972},
	keywords = {Resonance, BANDWIDTHS, ENERGY dissipation, FORCE \& energy, RADIATION, Resonators},
	pages = {3534--3543}
}

@article{ono_effect_2005,
	title = {Effect of ion attachment on mechanical dissipation of a resonator},
	volume = {87},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v87/i4/p044105_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1993771},
	abstract = {The influence of adsorbates on the surface-related mechanical dissipation of a silicon resonator was investigated. Different ion species were attached on a silicon resonator with a native oxide, and the quality factor (Q factor) and resonant frequency changes were observed by in situ measurement. It was found that water ion attachment creates OH terminations and results in a similar Q factor to that after exposure to the atmosphere. Nitrogen ions created very active sites for surface mechanical dissipation. In contrast, exposure to hydrogen ions increased the Q factor by a factor of 2. Hydrogen ions caused the dissipation sites on the surface to become inactive or less active for surface-related mechanical dissipation.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ono, T. and Esashi, M.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {044105--044105--3}
}

@article{tamayo_effect_2006,
	title = {Effect of the adsorbate stiffness on the resonance response of microcantilever sensors},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {00036951},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2388925},
	abstract = {The authors present a theoretical model to predict the resonance frequency shift due to molecule adsorption on micro- and nanocantilevers. They calculate the frequency shift experienced by cantilevers made of either silicon or the polymer SU-8, when two adsorbates, myosin protein and an alkanethiol, are attached to the cantilever surface. They demonstrate that the effect of the adsorbate stiffness can be comparable or even larger than the mass effect, producing positive frequency shifts. The results provide methods for decoupling both opposite effects and routes for the design of resonators with high sensitivity to molecule adsorption based on either stiffness or mass effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)},
	number = {22},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Tamayo, J. and Ramos, D. and Mertens, J. and Calleja, M.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2006},
	lccn = {23420678},
	keywords = {BIOMOLECULES, MYOSIN, POLYMERS, SCALING laws (Statistical physics), silicon compounds, BIOMECHANICS},
	pages = {224104}
}

@article{vignola_effect_2006-1,
	title = {Effect of viscous loss on mechanical resonators designed for mass detection},
	volume = {88},
	shorttitle = {Effect of viscous loss on mechanical resonators designed for mass detection},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/APL_2006_jv-2720507650/APL_2006_jv.pdf},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Vignola, J. F. and Judge, J. A. and Jarzynski, J. and Zalalutdinov, M. and Houston, B. H. and Baldwin, J. A.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {041921}
}

@article{sapsis_effective_2012-1,
	title = {Effective {Stiffening} and {Damping} {Enhancement} of {Structures} {With} {Strongly} {Nonlinear} {Local} {Attachments}},
	volume = {134},
	issn = {07393717},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JVACEK/v134/i1/p011016/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1115/1.4005005},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-05},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Sapsis, Themistoklis P. and Dane Quinn, D. and Vakakis, Alexander F. and Bergman, Lawrence A.},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {011016}
}

@article{judge_effects_2006,
	title = {Effects of {Disorder} in {One} and {Two} {Dimensional} {Micromechanical} {Resonator} {Arrays} for {Filtering}},
	volume = {290},
	shorttitle = {Effects of {Disorder} in {One} and {Two} {Dimensional} {Micromechanical} {Resonator} {Arrays} for {Filtering}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/judge jsv 2006-3273029376/judge jsv 2006.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Judge, J. A. and Houston, B. and Photiadis, D. and Herdic, P.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1119--1140}
}

@article{chanaud_effects_1994,
	title = {Effects {Of} {Geometry} {On} {The} {Resonance} {Frequency} {Of} {Helmholtz} {Resonators}},
	volume = {178},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X84714908},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1994.1490},
	abstract = {An equation for the resonance frequency of a Helmholtz resonator was developed from the wave equation for the case of a cavity volume that was a rectangular parallelepiped and an orifice the flow from which had a constant velocity profile. The development resulted in an explicit form for the interior end correction that included the influence of cavity and orifice geometry. Mean flow across the orifice was not examined. Results for circular, rectangular and cross-shaped orifices were obtained. The results were compared with those from the Rayleigh equation and with those from the transcendental resonance equation, under extremes of orifice and cavity geometry, and orifice position. Both classical equations were found to have constraints on their region of validity when extremes of geometry were encountered. Validity was greatest for a nearly cubical cavity.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Chanaud, R. C.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {337--348}
}

@article{bargatin_efficient_2007,
	title = {Efficient electrothermal actuation of multiple modes of high-frequency nanoelectromechanical resonators},
	volume = {90},
	issn = {0003-6951},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2709620},
	abstract = {The authors observed resonances from multiple vibrational modes of individual silicon-carbide-based nanomechanical resonators, covering a broad frequency range from several megahertz to over a gigahertz. The devices are actuated thermoelastically in vacuum at room temperature using localized Joule heating in a device-integrated metal loop. Their motion is detected piezoresistively using signal downmixing in a similarly integrated metal piezoresistor. The frequencies and amplitudes of the observed resonant peaks are in good agreement with the results from theoretical modeling and finite-element simulations.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Bargatin, I. and Kozinsky, I. and Roukes, M. L.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, micromechanical resonators, silicon compounds, wide band gap semiconductors, thermoelasticity, vibrational modes},
	pages = {093116 --093116--3}
}

@article{spletzer_elastometric_2007-1,
	title = {Elastometric sensing using higher flexural eigenmodes of microcantilevers},
	volume = {91},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v91/i18/p184103_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2803215},
	abstract = {We present a method to detect with high sensitivity the viscoelastic property changes of sensor coatings on microcantilever arrays due to radiation, analyte binding, or adsorption. The method uses higher order flexural eigenmodes to identify the location and magnitude of the nonuniform elasticity changes in the microcantilever coating. We demonstrate the method by monitoring the time evolution of resonance frequencies and Q factors of different flexural eigenmodes of microcantilevers functionalized with a small drop of a photosensitive polymer as it is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The method is particularly well suited for measuring quantitatively the time varying viscoelastic properties of thin films or biological materials attached to microcantilevers.},
	number = {18},
	urldate = {2012-02-22},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Spletzer, M. and Raman, A. and Reifenberger, R.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {184103--184103--3}
}

@article{pourkamali_electrically_2005,
	title = {Electrically coupled {MEMS} bandpass filters {Part} {I}: {With} coupling element},
	volume = {122},
	shorttitle = {Electrically coupled {MEMS} bandpass ?lters {Part} {I}: {With} coupling element},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Pourkamali_sen_2005-3379646722/Pourkamali_sen_2005.pdf},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A},
	author = {Pourkamali, S. and Ayazi, F.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {307--316}
}

@article{pourkamali_electrically_2005-1,
	title = {Electrically coupled {MEMS} bandpass filters {Part} {II}. {Without} coupling element},
	volume = {122},
	shorttitle = {Electrically coupled {MEMS} bandpass ?lters {Part} {II}. {Without} coupling element},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Pourkamali_sen_2005_p2-4223774233/Pourkamali_sen_2005_p2.pdf},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A},
	author = {Pourkamali, S. and Ayazi, F.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {317--325}
}

@article{buks_electrically_2002,
	title = {Electrically tunable collective response in a coupled micromechanical array},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/JMEMS.2002.805056},
	abstract = {We employ optical diffraction to study the mechanical properties of a grating array of suspended doubly clamped beams made of Au. The device allows application of electrostatic coupling between the beams that gives rise to formation of a band of normal modes of vibration (phonons). We parametrically excite these collective modes and study the response by measuring the diffraction signal. The results indicate that nonlinear effects strongly affect the dynamics of the system. Further optimization will allow employing similar systems for real-time mechanical spectrum analysis of electrical waveforms.},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Buks, E. and Roukes, M.L.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {vibrations, tuning, micromechanical devices, parametric resonance, micro-optics, Au, Au suspended doubly clamped beam, collective mode, diffraction gratings, electrical tuning, electrostatic coupling, mechanical vibration, micromechanical grating array, nonlinear effect, optical diffraction, phonon, phonons},
	pages = {802 -- 807}
}

@article{lissek_electroacoustic_2011,
	title = {Electroacoustic absorbers: {Bridging} the gap between shunt loudspeakers and active sound absorption},
	volume = {129},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	shorttitle = {Electroacoustic absorbers},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/129/5/10.1121/1.3569707},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3569707},
	abstract = {The acoustic impedance at the diaphragm of an electroacoustic transducer can be varied using a range of basic electrical control strategies, amongst which are electrical shunt circuits. These passive shunt techniques are compared to active acoustic feedback techniques for controlling the acoustic impedance of an electroacoustic transducer. The formulation of feedback-based acoustic impedance control reveals formal analogies with shunt strategies, and highlights an original method for synthesizing electric networks (Ã¢ÂÂshuntsÃ¢ÂÂ) with positive or negative components, bridging the gap between passive and active acoustic impedance control. This paper describes the theory unifying all these passive and active acoustic impedance control strategies, introducing the concept of electroacoustic absorbers. The equivalence between shunts and active control is first formalized through the introduction of a one-degree-of-freedom acoustic resonator accounting for both electric shunts and acoustic feedbacks. Conversely, electric networks mimicking the performances of active feedback techniques are introduced, identifying shunts with active impedance control. Simulated acoustic performances are presented, with an emphasis on formal analogies between the different control techniques. Examples of electric shunts are proposed for active sound absorption. Experimental assessments are then presented, and the paper concludes with a general discussion on the concept and potential improvements.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2014-03-02},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Lissek, HervÃÂ© and Boulandet, Romain and Fleury, Romain},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Transducers, acoustic resonance, Acoustic absorption, acoustic impedance, Sound pressure, Electrical resistivity, Electric currents, Loudspeakers, Coils, Electrical impedance},
	pages = {2968--2978}
}

@article{bunch_electromechanical_2007,
	title = {Electromechanical {Resonators} from {Graphene} {Sheets}},
	volume = {315},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/315/5811/490},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1136836},
	abstract = {Nanoelectromechanical systems were fabricated from single- and multilayer graphene sheets by mechanically exfoliating thin sheets from graphite over trenches in silicon oxide. Vibrations with fundamental resonant frequencies in the megahertz range are actuated either optically or electrically and detected optically by interferometry. We demonstrate room-temperature charge sensitivities down to 8 ÃÂ 10Ã¢ÂÂ4 electrons per root hertz. The thinnest resonator consists of a single suspended layer of atoms and represents the ultimate limit of two-dimensional nanoelectromechanical systems.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5811},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Bunch, J. S. and van der Zande, A. M. and Verbridge, S. S. and Frank, I. W. and Tanenbaum, D. M. and Parpia, J. M. and Craighead, H. G. and McEuen, P. L.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {490--493}
}

@article{tang_electrostatic-comb_1990,
	title = {Electrostatic-comb drive of lateral polysilicon resonators},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {09244247},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(90)85065-C},
	doi = {10.1016/0924-4247(90)85065-C},
	abstract = {This paper investigates, the electrostatic drive and sense of polysilicon resonators parallel to the substrate, using an interdigitated capacitor (electrostatic comb). Three experimental methods are used: microscopic observation with continuous or stroboscopic illumination, capacitive sensing using an amplitude-modulation technique and SEM observation. The intrinsic quality factor of the phosphorus-doped low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited (LPCVD) polysilicon resonators is 49 000 ÃÂ± 2000, whereas at atmospheric pressure, Q {\textbackslash}textless 100. The finger gap is found to have a more pronounced effect on comb characteristics than finger width or length, as expected from simple theory},
	number = {1-3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Tang, W. and Nguyen, C. T.-C. and Judy, M. and Howe, R.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1990},
	keywords = {mems\_material\_polysi, mems\_resonator, resonator\_foldedbeam},
	pages = {328--331}
}

@article{voiculescu_electrostatically_2005,
	title = {Electrostatically actuated resonant microcantilever beam in {CMOS} technology for the detection of chemical weapons},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1530-437X},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1468119},
	doi = {10.1109/JSEN.2005.851016},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-03-08},
	journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal},
	author = {Voiculescu, I. and Zaghloul, M.E. and McGill, R.A. and Houser, E.J. and Fedder, G.K.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {641--647}
}

@article{syms_electrothermal_1998,
	title = {Electrothermal frequency tuning of folded and coupled vibrating micromechanical resonators},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/84.679341},
	abstract = {The use of constrained thermal expansion to tune the resonant frequency of vibrating micromechanical resonators is explored. A simple model is developed to predict the power sensitivity obtained with folded and unfolded geometries, including the effects of electrothermal heating, and conduction and convection cooling. It is shown that the sensitivity of folded structures can change sign as the ambient gas pressure is lowered in contrast to the behavior of unfolded structures. Tuning is then by tensile axial stress rather than compressive stress. Using folded laterally resonant bulk-micromachined comb-drive electrostatic actuators, tuning ranges of -25\% and +50\% are obtained (at atmospheric pressure and at 10 mTorr, respectively, with powers of 10 and 1.5 mW, respectively). A nested coupled resonator is then presented in which the frequency of one resonator may be tuned without effecting that of the other, thus allowing frequency matching to be obtained},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Syms, R.R.A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {Resonant frequency, tuning, micromachining, micromechanical resonators, 1.5 mW, 10 mtorr, 10 mW, ambient gas pressure, bulk-micromachined comb-drive electrostatic actuators, conduction cooling, constrained thermal expansion, convection cooling, cooling, electrothermal frequency tuning, folded geometries, frequency matching, nested coupled resonator, power sensitivity, tensile axial stress, thermal expansion, unfolded geometries, vibrating micromechanical resonators},
	pages = {164 --171}
}

@book{crocker_encyclopedia_1997,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Encyclopedia of {Acoustics}},
	volume = {four},
	shorttitle = {Encyclopedia of {Acoustics}},
	publisher = {Wiley \& Sons},
	author = {Crocker, M. J.},
	year = {1997}
}

@article{beeby_energy_2006,
	title = {Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0957-0233 1361-6501},
	shorttitle = {Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Beeby MST 2006-1400242177/Beeby MST 2006.pdf},
	doi = {10.1088/0957-0233/17/12/r01},
	journal = {Measurement Science and Technology},
	author = {Beeby, S. P. and Tudor, M. J. and White, N. M.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {R175--R195}
}

@article{gendelman_energy_2001,
	title = {Energy pumping in nonlinear mechanical oscillators: {Part} {I}: {Dynamics} of the underlying {Hamiltonian} systems},
	volume = {68},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	author = {Gendelman, Oleg and Manevitch, LI and Vakakis, Alexander F and M'CLOSKEY, R},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {34--41}
}

@book{hutchings_engineering_1960,
	title = {Engineering and {Science}, {Volume} 23:5, {February} 1960},
	shorttitle = {Engineering and {Science}, {Volume} 23},
	url = {http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechES:23.5.0},
	urldate = {2013-04-01},
	author = {Hutchings, Jr},
	month = jan,
	year = {1960},
	keywords = {Complete Issues}
}

@book{inman_engineering_2008,
	title = {Engineering {Vibrations}},
	isbn = {978-0-13-228173-7},
	abstract = {Serving as both text and reference manual, this text connects traditional design-oriented topics, the introduction of modal analysis, and the use of MATLAB. The author provides an unequaled combination of the study of conventional vibration with the use of vibration design, analysis and testing in various engineering applications. Special-interest windows utilized throughout the text placed at points where prior or background information summaries are required. Remind readers of essential information pertinent to the text material, preventing them from flipping to previous chapters or reference texts for formulas or other information. Examines topics that reflect some of the recent advances in vibration technology, changes in ABET criteria and the increased importance of both engineering design and modal analysis. Incorporates MATLAB Vibration Toolbox throughout allowing readers to conduct and explore vibration analysis. Toolbox offers professional quality computer analyses including basics, introduction to model analysis with actual experimental data files and finite elements. Readers are challenged with over 65 computer problems (645 problems in all) including use of manufacture's design charts, measurement analysis, and matrix eigenvalue computing for frequencies and modes. Ideal for readers with an interest in Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Pearson Prentice Hall},
	author = {Inman, D. J.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical}
}

@article{dohn_enhanced_2005,
	title = {Enhanced functionality of cantilever based mass sensors using higher modes},
	volume = {86},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v86/i23/p233501_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1948521},
	abstract = {By positioning a single gold particle at different locations along the length axis on a cantilever based mass sensor, we have investigated the effect of mass position on the mass responsivity and compared the results to simulations. A significant improvement in quality factor and responsivity was achieved by operating the cantilever in the fourth bending mode thereby increasing the intrinsic sensitivity. It is shown that the use of higher bending modes grants a spatial resolution and thereby enhances the functionality of the cantilever based mass sensor.},
	number = {23},
	urldate = {2012-02-22},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Dohn, S. and Sandberg, R. and Svendsen, W. and Boisen, A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {233501--233501--3}
}

@article{sharos_enhanced_2004,
	title = {Enhanced mass sensing using torsional and lateral resonances in microcantilevers},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v84/i23/p4638_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1759379},
	abstract = {We present a method to detect, with enhanced sensitivity, a target mass particle attached eccentrically to a microcantilever by measuring multiple three-dimensional modes in the microcantilever vibration spectrum. Peaks in the spectrum reveal a complex coupling between the bending, torsional, and lateral motions and detailed finite element models assist in their interpretation. The mass sensitivities of the torsional and lateral mode frequencies are an order of magnitude greater, and their Q factors significantly higher, than that of the conventionally used fundamental bending mode. These modes offer significantly enhanced mass sensing capabilities within the realm of existing microcantilever technology. ÃÂ© 2004 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {23},
	urldate = {2012-02-23},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Sharos, L. B. and Raman, A. and Crittenden, S. and Reifenberger, R.},
	month = may,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {4638--4640}
}

@article{thiruvenkatanathan_enhancing_2009,
	title = {Enhancing {Parametric} {Sensitivity} in {Electrically} {Coupled} {MEMS} {Resonators}},
	volume = {18},
	shorttitle = {Enhancing {Parametric} {Sensitivity} in {Electrically} {Coupled} {MEMS} {Resonators}},
	journal = {Journal of Microelecromechanical Systems},
	author = {Thiruvenkatanathan, P. and Yan, J. and Woodhouse, J. and Seshia, A. A.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1077--1085}
}

@article{ilic_enumeration_2005,
	title = {Enumeration of {DNA} molecules bound to a nanomechanical oscillator},
	volume = {5},
	shorttitle = {Enumeration of {DNA} molecules bound to a nanomechanical oscillator},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Ilic_2005_nano_lett_enumeration_of_DNA_molecules-0901886489/Ilic_2005_nano_lett_enumeration_of_DNA_molecules.pdf},
	journal = {Nano Letters},
	author = {Ilic, B. and Yang, Y. T. and Aubin, K. L. and Reichenbach, Robert B. and Krylov, S. and Craighead, H. G.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {925--929}
}

@article{greenwood_etched_1984,
	title = {Etched silicon vibrating sensor},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0022-3735},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3735/17/8/007},
	doi = {10.1088/0022-3735/17/8/007},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2012-10-08},
	journal = {Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Greenwood, J. C.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1984},
	pages = {650--652}
}

@article{greenwood_etched_1984-1,
	title = {Etched silicon vibrating sensor},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0022-3735},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3735/17/8/007},
	doi = {10.1088/0022-3735/17/8/007},
	abstract = {The development of a frequency output absolute pressure sensor is described. The sensor element is etched out of single crystal silicon using boron doping to define the shape of the mechanical resonators on one side of a wafer and the diaphragm on the other.},
	language = {en},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2014-02-22},
	journal = {Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Greenwood, J. C.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1984},
	pages = {650}
}

@inproceedings{judge_experimental_2011,
	address = {Atlanta, Georgia},
	title = {Experimental identification of resonator mass and stiffness in micromechanical and nanomechanical resonator arrays},
	shorttitle = {Experimental identification of resonator mass and stiffness in micromechanical and nanomechanical resonator arrays},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 {NSF} {Engineering} {Research} and {Innovation} {Conference}},
	author = {Judge, J. A. and Woods, T. J. and Vignola, J. F. and O'Malley, P. F. and Glean, A. A.},
	year = {2011}
}

@article{ozdoganlar_experimental_2005,
	title = {Experimental modal analysis for microelectromechanical systems},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {0014-4851},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/pk2hl01188705358/abstract/},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02427903},
	abstract = {The structural dynamics behavior of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which include moving, overhung, and compliant subcomponents, plays a pivotal role in determining their performance and reliability. Traditionally, experimental modal analysis is used to characterize the dynamic behavior of structures, as well as to derive, validate, update, and correct analytical and numerical models. Due to their small size, however, conventional modal testing methods cannot be directly applied to microstructures. In this paper we provide an overview of modal testing techniques for microsystems. A particular experimental modal analysis methodology that includes base excitation via a piezoelectric shaker and measurement through a laser interferometer is then described and evaluated. A distinguishing characteristic of the methodology is its simplicity, including its simple setup and off-the-shelf components. The modal model is derived for the base excitation of microcantilever beams. The effectiveness of the methodology is illustrated through various experiments on polysilicon microcantilevers for different geometries and ambient pressures. Analysis of the damping data for different pressures has confirmed the well-documented fact that the structural damping in microsystems can be considerably less than damping arising from interaction with the ambient gases.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2012-11-01},
	journal = {Experimental Mechanics},
	author = {Ozdoganlar, O. and Hansche, B. and Carne, T.},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Engineering},
	pages = {498--506}
}

@article{akay_experiments_2005,
	title = {Experiments on vibration absorption using energy sinks},
	volume = {118},
	shorttitle = {Experiments on vibration absorption using energy sinks},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Akay_JAS003043_2005-1864196353/Akay_JAS003043_2005.pdf},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Akay, A. and Xu, Z. and Carcaterra, A. and Koc, I. Murat},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {3043--3049},
	annote = {5}
}

@article{cleland_fabrication_1996,
	title = {Fabrication of high frequency nanometer scale mechanical resonators from bulk {Si} crystals},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {0003-6951},
	doi = {10.1063/1.117548},
	abstract = {We report on a method to fabricate nanometer scale mechanical structures from bulk, single \#x2010;crystal Si substrates. A technique developed previously required more complex fabrication methods and an undercut step using wet chemical processing. Our method does not require low pressure chemical vapor deposition of intermediate masking layers, and the final step in the processing uses a dry etch technique, avoiding the difficulties encountered from surface tension effects when wet processing mechanically delicate or large aspect ratio structures. Using this technique, we demonstrate fabrication of a mechanical resonator with a fundamental resonance frequency of 70.72 MHz and a quality factor of 2 \#xd7;10$^{\textrm{4}}$\$. \#xa9; 1996 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {18},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Cleland, A. N. and Roukes, M. L.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {MECHANICAL STRUCTURES, silicon, Fabrication, lithography, CVD, Resonators},
	pages = {2653 --2655}
}

@article{lavrik_femtogram_2003,
	title = {Femtogram mass detection using photothermally actuated nanomechanical resonators},
	volume = {82},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v82/i16/p2697_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1569050},
	abstract = {Nanomechanical devices with very small mass and size have the potential for mass sensing at the level of individual molecules. In the present study, we designed nanomechanical mass sensors, demonstrated their operation under ambient pressure and temperature, and achieved femtogram-level mass sensitivity. Our nanomechanical resonators were gold-coated silicon cantilevers with resonance frequencies in the range of 1 to 10 MHz, characteristic thicknesses of 50Ã¢ÂÂ100 nm, and force constants of about 0.1 N/m. Using a cantilever with a resonant frequency of 2.2 MHz that was excited photothermally, we measured a mass change of 5.5 fg upon chemisorption of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. Our analysis indicates that, by decreasing the mass of the cantilever and increasing the excitation amplitude, even higher mass sensitivity can be realized in an easily accessible frequency range ({\textbackslash}textless100 MHz). ÃÂ© 2003 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {16},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Lavrik, N. V. and Datskos, P. G.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2003},
	pages = {2697--2699}
}

@article{pang_femtogram_2006,
	title = {Femtogram mass sensing platform based on lateral extensional mode piezoelectric resonator},
	volume = {88},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v88/i24/p243503_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2213975},
	abstract = {This letter introduces a resonant mass sensor that is based on a lateral extensional mode piezoelectric resonator and has a minimum detectable mass of 10Ã¢ÂÂ15 g at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The resonator with size of about 200ÃÂ50ÃÂ1 ÃÂ¼m3 has a quality factor (Q) of {\textbackslash}textgreater1400 at 60 MHz, and as small as 0.1 ppm shift of its resonant frequency can be detected. The 0.1 ppm detection capability corresponds to a mass uncertainty of only about 4.6 fg. We have experimentally demonstrated a minimum detectable frequency shift of Ã¢ÂÂ¼ 1.6 ppm due to absorption of isopropanol vapor (73 fg) on the sidewalls of the parylene-coated lateral extensional mode piezoelectric resonator.},
	number = {24},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Pang, W. and Yan, L. and Zhang, H. and Yu, H. and Kim, E. S. and Tang, W. C.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {243503--243503--3}
}

@article{lagendijk_fifty_2009,
	title = {Fifty years of {Anderson} localization},
	volume = {62},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PTO/62/24/1},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3206091},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2013-01-26},
	journal = {Physics Today},
	author = {Lagendijk, A. and van Tiggelen, B. and Wiersma, D. S.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {24--29}
}

@article{omalley_five-axis_2009,
	title = {Five-axis scanning laser vibrometry for three-dimensional measurements of non-planar surfaces},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {09570233},
	shorttitle = {Five-axis scanning laser vibrometry for three-dimensional measurements of non-planar surfaces},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/20/11/115901},
	abstract = {A novel system for directing the beam of a single-point laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to measure three-dimensional velocity components of non-planar targets has been developed. A description of this measurement system is presented, along with a discussion of relative merits as compared with conventional scanning LDV systems. Two data sets are presented. In the first, sample measurements of a bulk solid are compared with an analytic model as verification of the measurement technique. In the second, measurements of the surface of sand over a buried anti-tank landmine are presented as a demonstration of the full capability of the system. 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
	journal = {Measurement Science and Technology},
	author = {O'Malley, P. F. and Woods, T. J. and Judge, J. A. and Vignola, J. F.},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {LDV, Lasers, Doppler effect, Measurements, vibration measurement, Three dimensional, Mines, Poisson's ratio, Surface profiles, Three-dimensional measurement},
	pages = {115901--9}
}

@book{fahy_foundations_2000,
	title = {Foundations of {Engineering} {Acoustics}},
	isbn = {978-0-08-050683-8},
	abstract = {Foundations of Engineering Acoustics takes the reader on a journey from a qualitative introduction to the physical nature of sound, explained in terms of common experience, to mathematical models and analytical results which underlie the techniques applied by the engineering industry to improve the acoustic performance of their products. The book is distinguished by extensive descriptions and explanations of audio-frequency acoustic phenomena and their relevance to engineering, supported by a wealth of diagrams, and by a guide for teachers of tried and tested class demonstrations and laboratory-based experiments.Foundations of Engineering Acoustics is a textbook suitable for both senior undergraduate and postgraduate courses in mechanical, aerospace, marine, and possibly electrical and civil engineering schools at universities. It will be a valuable reference for academic teachers and researchers and will also assist Industrial Acoustic Group staff and Consultants.Comprehensive and up-to-date: broad coverage, many illustrations, questions, elaborated answers, references and a bibliographyIntroductory chapter on the importance of sound in technology and the role of the engineering acousticianDeals with the fundamental concepts, principles, theories and forms of mathematical representation, rather than methodologyFrequent reference to practical applications and contemporary technologyEmphasizes qualitative, physical introductions to each principal as an entrÃÂ©e to mathematical analysis for the less theoretically oriented readers and coursesProvides a 'cook book' of demonstrations and laboratory-based experiments for teachersUseful for discussing acoustical problems with non-expert clients/managers because the descriptive sections are couched in largely non-technical language and any jargon is explainedDraws on the vast pedagogic experience of the writer},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	author = {Fahy, Frank J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General), Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Science / Acoustics \& Sound, Art / History / General}
}

@book{liu_foundations_2006,
	title = {Foundations of {MEMS}},
	isbn = {978-0-13-147286-0},
	abstract = {'Foundations of MEMS' is an entry-level text for systematically teaching the specifics of MEMS to an interdisciplinary audience. Liu discusses designs, materials, and fabrication issues related to the MEMS field by employing concepts from both the electri},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Pearson Prentice Hall},
	author = {Liu, C.},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General), Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Technology \& Engineering / Electrical, Microelectromechanical systems, Technology \& Engineering / Electronics / Microelectronics, Science / Physics / Condensed Matter}
}

@article{green_frequency_2005,
	title = {Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids near a solid surface with applications to the atomic force microscope},
	volume = {98},
	issn = {00218979},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JAPIAU/v98/i11/p114913/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2136418},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2013-03-13},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Green, C. P. and Sader, J. E.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {114913}
}

@article{sader_frequency_1998,
	title = {Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {00218979},
	url = {http://jap.aip.org/resource/1/japiau/v84/i1/p64_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.368002},
	abstract = {The vibrational characteristics of a cantilever beam are well known to strongly depend on the fluid in which the beam is immersed. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force. Due to its practical importance in application to the atomic force microscope (AFM), we consider in detail the special case of a cantilever beam that is excited by a thermal driving force. This will incorporate the presentation of explicit analytical formulae and numerical results, which will be of value to the users and designers of AFM cantilever beams. ÃÂ© 1998 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Sader, J. E.},
	month = jul,
	year = {1998},
	pages = {64--76}
}

@article{van_eysden_frequency_2007,
	title = {Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope: {Arbitrary} mode order},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {00218979},
	shorttitle = {Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope},
	url = {http://jap.aip.org/resource/1/japiau/v101/i4/p044908_s1},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2654274},
	abstract = {The frequency response of a cantilever beam is well known to depend strongly on the fluid in which it is immersed. In this article, we present a theoretical model for the frequency response of a rectangular cantilever beam immersed in a viscous fluid that enables the flexural and torsional modes of arbitrary order to be calculated. This extends the previous models of Sader and Green [J. Appl. Phys. 84, 64 (1998); 92, 6262 (2002)] , which were formulated primarily for the fundamental mode and the next few harmonics, to the general case of arbitrary mode order by accounting for the three-dimensional nature of the flow field around the cantilever beam. Due to its importance in atomic force microscope applications, results for the thermal noise spectrum are presented and the influence of mode order on the frequency response investigated.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Van Eysden, Cornelis A and Sader, John E},
	month = feb,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {044908--044908--11}
}

@article{sugimoto_frequency_2003,
	title = {Frequency response of nonlinear oscillations of air column in a tube with an array of {Helmholtz} resonators},
	volume = {114},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/114/4/10.1121/1.1600719},
	doi = {10.1121/1.1600719},
	abstract = {Nonlinear cubic theory is developed to obtain a frequency response of shock-free, forced oscillations of an air column in a closed tube with an array of Helmholtz resonators connected axially. The column is assumed to be driven by a plane piston sinusoidally at a frequency close or equal to the lowest resonance frequency with its maximum displacement fixed. By applying the method of multiple scales, the equation for temporal modulation of a complex pressure amplitude of the lowest mode is derived in a case that a typical acoustic Mach number is comparable with the one-third power of the piston Mach number, while the relative detuning of a frequency is comparable with the quadratic order of the acoustic Mach number. The steady-state solution gives the asymmetric frequency response curve with bending (skew) due to nonlinear frequency upshift in addition to the linear downshift. Validity of the theory is checked against the frequency response obtained experimentally. For high amplitude of oscillations, an effect of jet loss at the throat of the resonator is taken into account, which introduces the quadratic loss to suppress the peak amplitude. It is revealed that as far as the present check is concerned, the weakly nonlinear theory can give quantitatively adequate description up to the pressure amplitude of about 3\% to the equilibrium pressure.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2014-03-09},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Sugimoto, N. and Masuda, M. and Hashiguchi, T.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {acoustic resonance, Acoustical effects, Sound pressure, Mach numbers, Tube theories},
	pages = {1772--1784}
}

@article{nguyen_frequency-selective_1999,
	title = {Frequency-{Selective} {MEMS} for {Miniaturized} {Low}-{Power} {Communication} {Devices}},
	volume = {47},
	shorttitle = {Frequency-{Selective} {MEMS} for {Miniaturized} {Low}-{Power} {Communication} {Devices}},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions of Microwave Theory and Techniques},
	author = {Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {1486--1503}
}

@article{zalalutdinov_frequency-tunable_2000,
	title = {Frequency-tunable micromechanical oscillator},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v77/i20/p3287_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1326035},
	abstract = {An experimental method, employing a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) as an actuator and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as a motion detector, was developed to study microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and has been applied to study microfabricated cantilever beams. Vibrations actuated by an ac voltage applied to the piezodrive are transferred to the sample by the STM tip, which also provides a constraint at the drive location, altering the fundamental mode of the oscillation. A continuous change in the resonant frequency of the cantilever is achieved by varying the position of the STM tip. In contrast to the few percent tunability previously demonstrated for MEMS oscillators, we have varied the cantilever frequency over a 300\% range. ÃÂ© 2000 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {20},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Zalalutdinov, M. K. and Ilic, B. and Czaplewski, D. and Zehnder, A. and Craighead, H. G and Parpia, J. M},
	month = nov,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {3287--3289}
}

@article{xu_functionalized_2011,
	title = {Functionalized {Mesoporous} {Silica} for {Microgravimetric} {Sensing} of {Trace} {Chemical} {Vapors}},
	volume = {83},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac200015c},
	doi = {10.1021/ac200015c},
	abstract = {Featuring a huge surface-to-volume ratio, synthesized SBA-15 mesoporous silica is functionalized by inner-channel-wall modification of sensing groups for highly specific chemical-vapor detection at trace level. With the developed sensing material loaded on resonant microcantilevers, the specifically adsorbed chemical-vapor molecules act as an added mass to shift the cantilever resonant frequency for gravimetric sensing signal readout. Two kinds of sensing materials for trinitrotoluene (TNT) and ammonia/amine are respectively prepared by inner-wall layer-by-layer grafting functionalization. By using hexafluoro-2-propanol-functionalized mesoporous silica (HFMS), experimental results show highly specific and rapid detection of TNT vapor, with a ppt-level detection limit; functionalized with a carboxyl (COOH) group, the mesoporous silica is loaded onto the cantilever resonating sensor that experimentally exhibits an ultrafine detection limit of tens of ppb to ammonia/amine gases.},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2012-09-30},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	author = {Xu, P. and Yu, H. and Li, X.},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {3448--3454}
}

@book{craig_fundamental_2006-1,
	address = {Hoboken, NJ},
	title = {Fundamental of {Structural} {Dynamics}},
	shorttitle = {Fundamental of {Structural} {Dynamics}},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Craig, Roy R. and Kurdila, Andrew J.},
	year = {2006}
}

@article{pierce_fundamental_1995-1,
	title = {Fundamental {Structural}-{Acoustic} {Idealizations} for {Structures} with {Fuzzy} {Internals}},
	volume = {117},
	shorttitle = {Fundamental {Structural}-{Acoustic} {Idealizations} for {Structures} with {Fuzzy} {Internals}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/pierce_j_vib&acous_1995-2896817921/pierce_j_vib&acous_1995.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Pierce, A. D. and Sparrow, V. W. and Russell, D. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {339--348}
}

@article{pierce_fundamental_1995-2,
	title = {Fundamental {Structural}-{Acoustic} {Idealizations} for {Structures} with {Fuzzy} {Internals}},
	volume = {117},
	shorttitle = {Fundamental {Structural}-{Acoustic} {Idealizations} for {Structures} with {Fuzzy} {Internals}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/pierce_j_vib&acous_1995-2896817921/pierce_j_vib&acous_1995.pdf},
	journal = {J. Vibr. Acoust.},
	author = {Pierce, A. D. and Sparrow, V. W. and Russell, D. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {339--348}
}

@book{kinsler_fundamentals_1999,
	edition = {4th},
	title = {Fundamentals of {Acoustics}},
	isbn = {0-471-84789-5},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Kinsler, L. E. and Frey, A. R. and Coppens, A. B. and Sanders, J. V.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1999}
}

@book{madou_fundamentals_2002,
	edition = {2},
	title = {Fundamentals of {Microfabrication}: {The} {Science} of {Miniaturization}, {Second} {Edition}},
	isbn = {0-8493-0826-7},
	shorttitle = {Fundamentals of {Microfabrication}},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Madou, M. J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2002}
}

@article{pierce_fuzzy-structure_2008-1,
	title = {Fuzzy-structure acoustics},
	journal = {AccessScience@McGraw-Hill, (http://www.accessscience.com)},
	author = {Pierce, A. D.},
	year = {2008}
}

@article{beardslee_geometrical_2012,
	title = {Geometrical considerations for the design of liquid-phase biochemical sensors using a cantilever's fundamental in-plane mode},
	volume = {164},
	issn = {0925-4005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400512000585},
	doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2012.01.035},
	abstract = {The influence of the beam geometry on the quality factor and resonance frequency of resonant silicon cantilever beams vibrating in their fundamental in-plane flexural mode in water has been investigated. Compared to cantilevers vibrating in their first out-of-plane flexural mode, utilizing the in-plane mode results in reduced damping and reduced mass loading by the surrounding fluid. Quality factors as high as 86 have been measured in water for cantilevers with a 20 ÃÂ¼m thick silicon layer. Based on the experimental data, design guidelines are established for beam dimensions that ensure maximal Q-factors and minimal mass loading by the surrounding fluid, thus improving the limit-of-detection of mass-sensitive biochemical sensors. Elementary theory is also presented to help explain the observed trends. Additional discussion focuses on the tradeoffs that exist in designing liquid-phase biochemical sensors using in-plane cantilevers.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-30},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
	author = {Beardslee, L.A. and Josse, F. and Heinrich, S.M. and Dufour, I. and Brand, O.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Bio-chemical sensors, cantilevers, Liquid-phase},
	pages = {7--14}
}

@inproceedings{richardson_global_1985,
	title = {Global curve fitting of frequency response measurements using the rational fraction polynomial method},
	url = {http://systemplus.co.jp/support/data/techpaper/mescope/tech/05.pdf},
	urldate = {2012-10-18},
	booktitle = {International {Modal} {Analysis} {Conference}},
	author = {Richardson, M. H. and Formenti, D. L.},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {390--397}
}

@article{subramanian_glucose_2002,
	title = {Glucose biosensing using an enzyme-coated microcantilever},
	volume = {81},
	issn = {0003-6951},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1492308},
	abstract = {A microcantilever-based biosensor is described. The enzyme glucose oxidase was immobilized on a micromachined silicon cantilever containing a gold coating, such as those used for atomic force microscopy. Specific, quantifiable deflection of the derivatized cantilevers was observed in the presence of the appropriate analyte. An analysis of the reaction energetics and the expected thermal response of the cantilever indicates that cantilever deflection is not simply a result of reaction-generated heat. This deflection appears to result from surface induced stresses. The combination of a highly specific enzyme and the microcantilever platform provides a unique approach for quantifying enzyme substrates without the complication of sample labeling. \#xa9; 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Subramanian, A. and Oden, P. I. and Kennel, S. J. and Jacobson, K. B. and Warmack, R. J. and Thundat, T. and Doktycz, M. J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {microsensors, Biosensors, Molecular biophysics, Proteins},
	pages = {385 --387}
}

@inproceedings{glean_graduate_2011,
	address = {Seattle, Washington},
	title = {Graduate and undergraduate laboratory courses in acoustics and vibration},
	volume = {12},
	shorttitle = {Graduate and undergraduate laboratory courses in acoustics and vibration},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/129/2648/3},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3588829},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {Meetings} on {Acoustics}, 161st {Meeting} of the {Acoustical} {Society} of {America}},
	author = {Glean, A. A. J. and Judge, J. A. and Vignola, J. F. and O'Malley, P. F. and Ryan, T. J.},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {025002}
}

@book{kress-rogers_handbook_1996,
	title = {Handbook of {Biosensors} and {Electronic} {Noses}: {Medicine}, {Food}, and the {Environment}},
	isbn = {978-0-8493-8905-4},
	shorttitle = {Handbook of {Biosensors} and {Electronic} {Noses}},
	abstract = {In developing the electronic nose and biosensor devices, researchers not only copy biochemical pathways, but also use nature's approach to signal interpretation as a blueprint for man-made sensing systems. Commercial biosensors have demonstrated their benefits and practical applications, providing high sensitivity and selectivity, combined with a significant reduction in sample preparation assay time and the use of expensive reagents. The Handbook of Biosensors and Electronic Noses discusses design and optimization for the multitude of practical uses of these devices including:},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Kress-Rogers, Erika},
	month = oct,
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {Medical / Biochemistry, Medical / Biotechnology, Science / Life Sciences / Biochemistry, Technology \& Engineering / Biomedical, Technology \& Engineering / Food Science}
}

@book{piersol_harris_2009,
	series = {{McGraw}-{Hill} handbooks},
	title = {Harris' {Shock} and {Vibration} {Handbook}},
	isbn = {978-0-07-163343-7},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=6JzJmT6zSPcC},
	publisher = {McGraw-Hill Education},
	author = {Piersol, A. and Paez, T.},
	year = {2009}
}

@inproceedings{bannon_high_1996,
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	title = {High frequency microelectromechanical {IF} filters},
	shorttitle = {High frequency microelectromechanical {IF} filters},
	booktitle = {{IEEE} {International} {Electron} {Devices} {Meeting}},
	author = {Bannon, F. D. and Clark, J. R. and Nguyen, C. T.-C.},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {773--776}
}

@phdthesis{bargatin_high-frequency_2008,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {High-frequency nanomechanical resonators for sensor applications},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhDT.......296B},
	abstract = {This thesis describes new ways of operating high-frequency nanomechanical resonators and using them for sensor applications. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the techniques of detecting, actuating, and tuning the resonance motion of nanomechanical resonators. First, I consider piezoresistive detection using integrated thin-film piezoresistors made of doped semiconductors or metals. I describe the piezoresistive downmixing technique, which typically results in better performance than the conventional DC biasing technique. I then proceed to the possible ways of actuating the motion of nanomechanical resonators. After describing the challenges of applying the piezoshaker actuation technique to high-frequency resonators, I consider two alternatives: permanent-magnet magnetomotive actuation and Joule-heat-driven thermoelastic actuation. I demonstrate that the combination of thermoelastic actuation and piezoresistive detection can be used to efficiently detect multiple modes of nanomechanical resonators. Finally, I consider two ways of tuning the frequency of nanomechanical resonators: electrostatic tuning and absorptive tuning. The second part of the thesis is devoted to applications of nanoscale resonators to spin sensing, studies of dissipation of mechanical motion, and gas sensing. I consider possible ways of observing the coupling between mechanical motion and spins, describe our experimental results, and explore the analogy between coupled the spinÃ¢ÂÂresonator system and the quantum-optical model of a laser. I then describe the results of quality-factor measurements in vacuum and air for doubly clamped beams and other resonator geometries. Finally, I describe a way to build better gas sensors by using arrays of nanomechanical resonators and present the preliminary gas-sensing data.},
	urldate = {2012-09-06},
	author = {Bargatin, I.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)}
}

@article{jin_high-mode_2006,
	title = {High-mode resonant piezoresistive cantilever sensors for tens-femtogram resoluble mass sensing in air},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {0960-1317, 1361-6439},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/16/5/019},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/16/5/019},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Jin, D. and Li, X. and Liu, J. and Zuo, G. and Wang, Y. and Liu, M. and Yu, H.},
	month = may,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1017--1023}
}

@article{wang_high-order_1999,
	title = {High-order medium frequency micromechanical electronic filters},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/84.809070},
	abstract = {Third order, high-Q, micromechanical bandpass filters comprised of three ratioed folded-beam resonators coupled by flexural mode springs are demonstrated using an integrated circuit compatible, doped polycrystalline silicon surface-micromachining technology. A complete design procedure for multiresonator micromechanical filters is presented and solidified via an example design. The use of quarter-wavelength coupling beams attached to resonators at velocity-controllable locations is shown to suppress passband distortion due to finite-mass and process mismatch nonidealities, which become increasingly important on this microscale. In addition, low-velocity coupling methods are shown to greatly alleviate the lithographic resolution required to achieve a given percent bandwidth. Ratioed folded-beam micromechanical resonators are introduced as the key impedance transforming components that enable the needed low-velocity coupling. Using these design techniques, balanced three-resonator microscale mechanical filters with passband frequencies centered around 340 kHz are demonstrated with percent bandwidths of 0.1\%, associated insertion losses as small as 0.1 dB, 20-dB shape factors as low as 1.5, and stopband rejections greater than 64 dB. Measurement and theory are rigorously compared and important limitations, such as thermal susceptibility, the need for passband tuning, and inadequate electromechanical coupling, are addressed},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Wang, K. and Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {silicon, band-pass filters, micromachining, Electromechanical coupling, micromechanical resonators, elemental semiconductors, Si, 0.1 dB, 340 kHz, circuit tuning, finite-mass nonidealities, flexural mode springs, insertion losses, key impedance transforming components, lithographic resolution, lithography, low-velocity coupling methods, micromechanical bandpass filters, micromechanical electronic filters, multiresonator micromechanical filters, passband distortion, passband frequencies, passband tuning, process mismatch nonidealities, quarter-wavelength coupling beams, ratioed folded-beam resonators, shape factors, stopband rejections, surface-micromachining technology, thermal susceptibility, velocity-controllable locations},
	pages = {534 --556}
}

@inproceedings{wang_high-order_1997,
	title = {High-order micromechanical electronic filters},
	doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.1997.581759},
	abstract = {Third-order, micromechanical bandpass filters comprised of three folded-beam resonators coupled by flexural mode springs are demonstrated using an IC-compatible, polysilicon surface-micromachining technology. The use of quarter-wavelength coupling beams attached to resonators at their folding-trusses is shown to suppress passband distortion due to finite-mass nonidealities, which become increasingly important on this micro-scale. A balanced, 300 kHz, prototype, three-resonator micromechanical filter is demonstrated with filter Q=590 and stopband rejection greater than 38 dB},
	booktitle = {Tenth {Annual} {International} {Workshop} on {Micro} {Electro} {Mechanical} {Systems}, 1997. {MEMS} '97, {Proceedings}, {IEEE}},
	author = {Wang, K. and Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {bandpass filters, silicon, band-pass filters, micromachining, micromechanical resonators, elemental semiconductors, Si, flexural mode springs, micromechanical electronic filters, passband distortion, quarter-wavelength coupling beams, 300 kHz, folded-beam resonators, ladder filters, network synthesis, polysilicon surface-micromachining, stopband rejection},
	pages = {25 --30}
}

@article{bannon_high-q_2000,
	title = {High-{Q} {HF} {Microelectromechanical} {Filters}},
	volume = {35},
	shorttitle = {High-{Q} {HF} {Microelectromechanical} {Filters}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits},
	author = {Bannon, F. D. and Clark, J. R. and Nguyen, C. T.-C.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {512--526}
}

@inproceedings{nguyen_high-q_1997,
	title = {High-{Q} micromechanical oscillators and filters for communications},
	volume = {4},
	doi = {10.1109/ISCAS.1997.612913},
	abstract = {With Q's in the tens to hundreds of thousands, micromachined vibrating resonators are proposed as IC-compatible tanks for use in the low phase noise oscillators and highly selective filters of communications systems. To date, LF oscillators have been fully integrated using merged CMOS+microstructure technologies, and bandpass filters consisting of coupled resonators have been demonstrated in the HF range. The performance of fabricated two- and three-resonator filters with center frequencies ranging from 300 kHz to 10 MHz and filter Q's from 100 to 2400 are reported. Evidence suggests that the ultimate frequency range of this high-Q tank technology depends upon material limitations, as well as design constraints-in particular, to the degree of electromechanical coupling achievable in micro-scale resonators},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 1997 {IEEE} {International} {Symposium} on {Circuits} and {Systems}, 1997. {ISCAS} '97},
	author = {Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {coupled resonators, bandpass filters, band-pass filters, micromachining, Electromechanical coupling, micromechanical resonators, 300 kHz to 10 MHz, CMOS analogue integrated circuits, design constraints, high-Q micromechanical oscillators, IC-compatible tanks, material limitations, merged CMOS, micro-scale resonators, micromachined vibrating resonators, phase noise, resonator filters, selective filters, three-resonator filters, transceivers, two-resonator filters},
	pages = {2825 --2828 vol.4}
}

@article{sahin_high-resolution_2004,
	title = {High-resolution imaging of elastic properties using harmonic cantilevers},
	volume = {114},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424703006629},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2003.11.031},
	abstract = {We present a micromachined scanning probe cantilever, in which a specific higher-order flexural mode is designed to be resonant at an exact integer multiple of the fundamental resonance frequency. We have fabricated such cantilevers by reducing the stiffness of the third order flexural mode relative to the fundamental mode, and we have demonstrated that these cantilevers enable sensing of non-linear mechanical interactions between the atomically sharp tip at the free end of the cantilever and a surface with unknown mechanical properties in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. Images of surfaces with large topographical variations show that for such samples harmonic imaging has better resolution than standard tapping-mode imaging.},
	number = {2-3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Sahin, O. and Yaralioglu, G. and Grow, R. and Zappe, S.F. and Atalar, A. and Quate, C. and Solgaard, O.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {Elastic properties, Atomic force microscope, Cantilever, Tapping-mode},
	pages = {183--190}
}

@article{spletzer_highly_2008-1,
	title = {Highly sensitive mass detection and identification using vibration localization in coupled microcantilever arrays},
	volume = {92},
	shorttitle = {Highly sensitive mass detection and identification using vibration localization in coupled microcantilever arrays},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Spletzer, M. and Raman, A. and Sumali, H. and Sullivan, J. P.},
	year = {2008}
}

@book{shankland_ibms_2009,
	title = {{IBM}'s 35 atoms and the rise of nanotech},
	url = {http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-10362747-264.html},
	abstract = {Don Eigler moved a single atom two decades ago. Since then, he and IBM have taken new steps in pursuing a dream of compact, power-efficient computing. Read this article by Stephen Shankland on CNET News.},
	urldate = {2013-02-11},
	author = {Shankland, S.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {atoms, IBM, nanotechnology, research, spintronics}
}

@inproceedings{ryan_identification_2011,
	address = {Washington, DC, USA},
	title = {Identification of {Mass} {Distribution} of {Nominally} {Identical} {Microresonator} {Arrays} in the {Presence} of {Measurement} {Noise}},
	volume = {7},
	isbn = {978-0-7918-5484-6},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/ASMECP/v2011/i54846/p227/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1115/DETC2011-48562},
	urldate = {2013-01-20},
	booktitle = {{ASME} ({IDETC}/{CIE}2011) 5th {International} {Conference} on {Micro}- and {Nanosystems}},
	publisher = {ASME},
	author = {Ryan, T. J. and Judge, J. A. and Vignola, J. F.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {227--233}
}

@article{kar_improved_2003,
	title = {Improved detection of thermally induced higher resonance modes and harmonics of a microcantilever},
	volume = {94},
	issn = {00218979},
	url = {http://jap.aip.org/resource/1/japiau/v94/i7/p4626_s1},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1604953},
	abstract = {Driving a microcantilever externally may not be desirable in many sensor applications. Alternatively, it is possible to extract full spectral characteristics of the anharmonic thermal motion of a microcantilever naturally vibrating at ambient temperature. Present work aims at the detection of comparatively noise free higher resonance modes and harmonics of thermal vibration for sensor applications without externally induced vibration. In microcantilever sensor based experiments with optical detection of cantilever deflection, we demonstrate the problems associated with the conventional procedure of processing photodetector signal for resonating microcantilevers and describe improvements. It has been experimentally demonstrated that isolation of the dynamic component of a position sensitive photodetector signal from its static counterpart significantly improves the resolution and limit of detection of an instrument. Outputs from conventional and proposed methods have been compared with experiments performed in both ambient air and liquid environments. A very simple and cost-effective circuit design is presented. ÃÂ© 2003 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Kar, A. K. and George, M. A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2003},
	pages = {4626--4631}
}

@article{mile_-plane_2010,
	title = {In-plane nanoelectromechanical resonators based on silicon nanowire piezoresistive detection},
	volume = {21},
	shorttitle = {In-plane nanoelectromechanical resonators based on silicon nanowire piezoresistive detection},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Mile_nanotechnology_2010p9896-0113358617/Mile_nanotechnology_2010p9896.pdf},
	journal = {Nanotechnology},
	author = {Mile, E. and Jourdan, G. and Bargatin, I. and Labarthe, S. and Marcoux, C. and Andreucci, P. and Hentz, S. and Kharrat, C. and Colinet, E. and Duraffourg, L.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {7}
}

@article{castanier_individual_1993,
	title = {Individual and interactive mechanisms for localization and dissipation in a mono-coupled nearly periodic structure},
	volume = {163},
	shorttitle = {Individual and interactive mechanisms for localization and dissipation in a mono-coupled nearly periodic structure},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/castanier_pierre_JSV_1993-1908518937/castanier_pierre_JSV_1993.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Castanier, M. P. and Pierre, C.},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {479--505}
}

@article{chen_inducing_2009,
	title = {Inducing intrinsic localized modes in microelectromechanical cantilever arrays by frequency modulation},
	volume = {95},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v95/i9/p094102_s1?isAuthorized=no&ver=pdfcov},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.3216054},
	abstract = {We articulate a control method to induce intrinsic localized modes at programable bielement cell in driven microcantilever arrays. The idea is to excite a preassigned cantilever to an oscillating state with significantly higher amplitude than the average by using feedback signal to modulate the frequency that drives the whole array. Our control method is thus global, which is advantageous in microsystems as local pinning actuation may be difficult to implement at small scales.},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2012-01-31},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Chen, Qingfei and Lai, Ying-Cheng and Dietz, David},
	month = aug,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {094102--094102--3}
}

@article{vakakis_inducing_2001-1,
	title = {Inducing passive nonlinear energy sinks in vibrating systems},
	volume = {123},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Tractions-American Society Mechanical Eengineers Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Vakakis, A. F.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {324--332}
}

@book{barron_industrial_2002-1,
	title = {Industrial {Noise} {Control} and {Acoustics}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-91008-5},
	abstract = {Compiling strategies from more than 30 years of experience, this book provides numerous case studies that illustrate the implementation of noise control applications, as well as solutions to common dilemmas encountered in noise reduction processes. It offers methods for predicting the noise generation level of common systems such as fans, motors, compressors, and cooling towers, selecting the appropriate equipment to monitor sound properties, assessing the severity of environmental noise, modifying the sources, transmission paths, and receivers of sound, estimating sound pressure levels, designing mufflers, silencers, barriers, and enclosures, and isolating machine vibration.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Barron, Randall F.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Industrial Design / General, Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Technology \& Engineering / Quality Control}
}

@article{mcfarland_influence_2005,
	title = {Influence of surface stress on the resonance behavior of microcantilevers},
	volume = {87},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v87/i5/p053505_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2006212},
	abstract = {This work presents a model to predict the effect of surface stresses on the ith-mode bending resonant frequency of microcantilevers and its experimental validation. With this model, one can calculate the surface stress acting upon the microcantilever solely by measuring resonant frequencies whereas previously one needed to measure the deflection. Resonant frequency measurement has distinct advantages in terms of ease and accuracy of measurement.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {McFarland, A. W. and Poggi, M. A. and Doyle, M. J. and Bottomley, L. A. and Colton, J. S.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {053505--053505--3}
}

@article{halvorsen_interior_1989-1,
	title = {Interior noise control of the {Saab} 340 aircraft},
	volume = {891080},
	journal = {SAE paper},
	author = {Halvorsen, William G and Emborg, Urban},
	year = {1989}
}

@article{mohanty_intrinsic_2002,
	title = {Intrinsic dissipation in high-frequency micromechanical resonators},
	volume = {66},
	shorttitle = {Intrinsic dissipation in high-frequency micromechanical resonators},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
	author = {Mohanty, P. and Harrington, D. A. and Ekinci, K. L. and Yang, Y. T. and Murphy, M. J. and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2002}
}

@book{de_los_santos_introduction_2004,
	title = {Introduction {To} {Microelectromechanical} {Microwave} {Systems}},
	isbn = {978-1-58053-871-8},
	abstract = {Microelectromechanical microwave systems are the product of integrated circuit technology, mechanical engineering, materials science, and microwave communications. This completely updated, second edition of an Artech House bestseller brings together all the principles, techniques, methods, and theories from these different fields to provide you with a full, all-encompassing introduction to microelectromechanical microwave systems.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Artech House},
	author = {de los Santos, H. J.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Electrical, Microelectromechanical systems, Microwave devices, Science / Applied Sciences, Technology \& Engineering / Electronics / Microelectronics, Technology \& Engineering / Industrial Technology, Technology \& Engineering / Microwaves}
}

@inproceedings{glean_inverse_2011,
	title = {Inverse {Eigenmode} {Method} for {Identifying} and {Locating} {Added} {Mass} in {Mechanically} {Diverse} {Coupled} {Microresonantor} {Arrays}},
	volume = {7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/DETC2011-48552},
	doi = {10.1115/DETC2011-48552},
	abstract = {This paper summarizes a numerical analysis of an eigenmode-based approach for ultrasensitive mass detection via coupled microcantilevers. Mass detection using microcantilevers typically entails the observation of shifts in resonance frequency. Recently, detection systems have been proposed in which multiple cantilever sensors are coupled, either directly or by attachment to a single shuttle mass. Once sensors are coupled, however, mass adsorption on a single sensor alters all eigenmodes of the system. Thus, one disadvantage of the frequency-shift method in such cases is the need for strong mode localization, such that the shift of a single frequency can be associated with a mass change on a specific sensor. The consequent requirement for weak coupling limits the number of microcantilevers that can occupy a specific frequency band. The proposed eigenmode-based detection scheme involves solving the inverse eigenvalue problem to identify added mass, and can be used in cases where more than one eigenfrequency has shifted significantly. The method requires a single measured mode shape and corresponding natural frequency, selected from among those where a shift was observed. The fidelity of the identification of added mass and its location depends on the ability to accurately measure the mode shape, and on the amplitude with which each cantilever vibrates in the chosen mode (in modes without strong localization, multiple cantilevers respond with significant amplitude). Simulation results are presented that quantify, as a function of measurement noise, the ability of the method to accurately identify the cantilever(s) where mass adheres. In cases in which the resonance frequency-shift method is inappropriate due to non-localized modes, the inverse eigenvalue method proposed here can be used to identify both the amount and location of the added mass.},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	booktitle = {{ASME} 2011 {International} {Design} {Engineering} {Technical} {Conferences} and {Computers} and {Information} in {Engineering} {Conference} ({IDETC}/{CIE}2011) 5th {International} {Conference} on {Micro}- and {Nanosystems}},
	publisher = {ASME},
	author = {Glean, A. A. J. and Judge, J. A. and Vignola, J. F.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {219--226}
}

@mastersthesis{glean_inverse_2011-1,
	address = {Washington, DC},
	title = {Inverse {Eigenmode} {Method} for {Identifying} and {Locating} {Added} {Mass} in {Mechanically} {Diverse} {Coupled} {Microresonator} {Arrays}},
	school = {Catholic University of America},
	author = {Glean, Aldo},
	year = {2011}
}

@inproceedings{judge_investigation_2009,
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
	title = {Investigation of {Bandpass} {Filters} {Implemented} {Via} {Two}-{Dimensional} {Arrays} of {Micromechanical} {Resonators}},
	shorttitle = {Investigation of {Bandpass} {Filters} {Implemented} {Via} {Two}-{Dimensional} {Arrays} of {Micromechanical} {Resonators}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/NSF09_Judge_final-3155668736/NSF09_Judge_final.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 2009 {NSF} {Engineering} {Research} and {Innovation} {Conference}},
	author = {Judge, J. A. and Woods, T. J. and Vignola, J. F. and O'Malley, P. F. and Mathews, S. A.},
	year = {2009}
}

@article{callen_irreversibility_1951,
	title = {Irreversibility and {Generalized} {Noise}},
	volume = {83},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.83.34},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.83.34},
	abstract = {A relation is obtained between the generalized resistance and the fluctuations of the generalized forces in linear dissipative systems. This relation forms the extension of the Nyquist relation for the voltage fluctuations in electrical impedances. The general formalism is illustrated by applications to several particular types of systems, including Brownian motion, electric field fluctuations in the vacuum, and pressure fluctuations in a gas.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Physical Review},
	author = {Callen, Herbert B. and Welton, Theodore A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {1951},
	pages = {34--40}
}

@article{strasberg_is_1997-1,
	title = {Is the dissipation induced by a `fuzzy' substructures real or apparent?},
	volume = {102},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/102/5/10.1121/1.420618},
	doi = {10.1121/1.420618},
	urldate = {2013-11-12},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Strasberg, M.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Energy transfer, Excitation energies},
	pages = {3130--3130}
}

@article{tang_laterally_1989,
	title = {Laterally {Driven} {Polysilicon} {Resonant} {Microstructures}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0250-6874},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0250687489870982},
	doi = {10.1016/0250-6874(89)87098-2},
	abstract = {Interdigitated finger (comb) structures are demonstrated to be effective for exciting electrostatically the resonance of polysilicon microstructures parallel to the plane of the substrate. Linear plates suspended by a folded-cantilever truss and torsional plates suspended by spiral and serpentine springs are fabricated from a 2 ÃÂ¼m-thick phosphorus-doped low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited (LPCVD) polysilicon film. Resonance is observed visually, with frequencies ranging from 18 kHz to 80 kHz and quality factors from 20 to 130. Simple beam theory is adequate for calculating the resonance frequencies, using a Young's modulus of 140 GPa and neglecting residual strain in the released structures.},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators},
	author = {Tang, W. C. and Nguyen, C. T.-C. and Howe, R. T.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1989},
	pages = {25--32}
}

@book{moelhave_licensed_nodate,
	title = {Licensed under the {Creative} {Commons} {Attribution} 2.5 {Generic} license},
	url = {http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Epitaxial_Nanowire_Heterostructures_SEM_image.jpg},
	author = {Moelhave, K.}
}

@book{beaker_licensed_nodate,
	title = {Licensed under the {Creative} {Commons} {Attribution} 3.0 {Unported} license.},
	url = {http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quartz_resonators_with_front_and_back_electrodes.jpg},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	author = {{Beaker}}
}

@book{n_licensed_nodate,
	title = {Licensed under the {Creative} {Commons} {Attribution}-{Share} {Alike} 3.0 {Unported} license},
	url = {http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IZM_Silicon_Micropump.jpg},
	author = {{N}}
}

@book{pfister-senz_licensed_nodate,
	title = {Licensed under the {Creative} {Commons} {Attribution}-{Share} {Alike} 3.0 {Unported} license},
	url = {http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turbine_Grafenrheinfeld.jpg},
	author = {Pfister-Senz, D.}
}

@book{silversmith_licensed_nodate,
	title = {Licensed under the {Creative} {Commons} {Attribution}-{Share} {Alike} 3.0 {Unported} license},
	url = {http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_harbour_bridge_B%26W.jpg},
	author = {Silversmith, E.}
}

@book{fletcher_licensed_nodate,
	title = {Licensed under the creative commons attribution-share alike 3.0 unported license.},
	url = {http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MEMS_Microcantilever_in_Resonance.png},
	author = {Fletcher, P. C.}
}

@article{thiruvenkatanathan_limits_2011,
	title = {Limits to mode-localized sensing using micro- and nanomechanical resonator arrays},
	volume = {109},
	issn = {00218979},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JAPIAU/v109/i10/p104903/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3590143},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Thiruvenkatanathan, P. and Woodhouse, J. and Yan, J. and Seshia, A. A.},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {104903}
}

@article{alsuwaiyan_localization_1999,
	title = {Localization of {Free} {Vibration} {Modes} in {Systems} of {Nearly} {Identical} {Vibration} {Absorbers}},
	volume = {228},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSV...228..703A},
	abstract = {Not Available},
	urldate = {2013-01-26},
	journal = {Journal of Sound Vibration},
	author = {Alsuwaiyan, A. S. and Shaw, S. W.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1999},
	pages = {703--711}
}

@article{pierre_localization_1987,
	title = {Localization of vibrations by structural irregularity},
	volume = {114},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X87800238},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-460X(87)80023-8},
	abstract = {An investigation of the localization phenomenon is presented for disrodered structural systems consisting of weakly coupled component systems. Emphasis is placed on the development of a perturbation method that allows one to obtain the localized modes of vibration of the disordered system from the modes of the individual subsystems. The principal feature of this perturbation method is that it not only considers the variations of the parameters as perturbations, but it also treats the small coupling between subsystems as a perturbation. Such a perturbation analysis is cost effective as compared to a global eigenvalue analysis of the entire system, and proves to be very accurate. Moreover, it provides physical insight into the localization phenomenon, and allows one to formulate a criterion that predicts the occurrence of strongly localized modes. Results are obtained for a chain of single-degree-of-freedom coupled oscillators, but these can be readilt generalized to deal with chains of multi-degree-of-freedom component systems.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Pierre, C. and Dowell, E.H.},
	month = may,
	year = {1987},
	pages = {549--564}
}

@article{wei_localization_1988,
	title = {Localization {Phenomena} in {Mistuned} {Assemblies} with {Cyclic} {Symmetry} {Part} {I}: {Free} {Vibrations}},
	volume = {110},
	issn = {07393717},
	shorttitle = {Localization {Phenomena} in {Mistuned} {Assemblies} with {Cyclic} {Symmetry} {Part} {I}},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JVADDM/v110/i4/p429/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1115/1.3269547},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-01-25},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration Acoustics Stress and Reliability in Design},
	author = {Wei, S.-T. and Pierre, C.},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {429}
}

@article{wei_localization_nodate,
	title = {Localization phenomena in mistuned assemblies with cyclic symmetry. {I} : {Free} vibrations},
	volume = {110},
	issn = {0739-3717},
	shorttitle = {Localization phenomena in mistuned assemblies with cyclic symmetry. {I}},
	url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=7142967},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-01-26},
	journal = {Journal of vibration, acoustics, stress, and reliability in design},
	author = {Wei, S.-T. and Pierre, C.},
	keywords = {DÃÂ©rÃÂ©glage, Estructura mecÃÂ¡nica, Estructura periÃÂ³dica, Free vibration, Mechanical structure, Periodic structure, Structure mÃÂ©canique, Structure pÃÂ©riodique, VibraciÃÂ³n libre, Vibration libre},
	pages = {429--438}
}

@article{bendiksen_localization_2000,
	title = {Localization phenomena in structural dynamics},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {0960-0779},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077900000138},
	doi = {10.1016/S0960-0779(00)00013-8},
	abstract = {A survey of vibration localization phenomena in the context of structural dynamics and vibrations is presented. The review covers the more common and relevant cases where mode localization and vibration confinement are likely to occur in engineering structures. Examples considered include periodic or nearly periodic multi-span beams and multi-bay trusses, large space structures, space antennas, and almost periodic (a.p.) structures with circular symmetry, e.g., bladed disks in turbomachines. Both analytical and numerical methods for analyzing and predicting localization in finite and infinite systems are discussed. In this paper, we show how the problem of mode localization and vibration confinement can be formulated as a problem in the theory of stability of differential equations with a.p. coefficients. Using stability theory, new definitions of mode localization can be established for both linear and nonlinear structures. The possibility of stabilizing certain nonconservative fluid-structure systems using structural disorder is demonstrated, and stability theorems are given for aeroelastic systems governed by normal operators. We also illustrate how the results from localization theory and the associated stability theory can be applied to the vibration control problem, by triggering vibration confinement by active or passive means.},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2013-01-26},
	journal = {Chaos, Solitons \& Fractals},
	author = {Bendiksen, O. O.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1621--1660}
}

@article{ono_magnetic_2003,
	title = {Magnetic force and optical force sensing with ultrathin silicon resonator},
	volume = {74},
	issn = {00346748},
	url = {http://rsi.aip.org/resource/1/rsinak/v74/i12/p5141_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1623627},
	abstract = {In this article, we demonstrated magnetic and optical force measurements using an ultrathin silicon cantilever down to 20 nm or 50 nm in thickness. The cantilever was heated in an ultrahigh vacuum for enhancing the Q factor and a magnetic particle was mounted at the end of the cantilever using a manipulator. The vibration was measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer and its signal was fed to an opposed metal electrode for electrostatic self-oscillation. An application of a magnetic field with a coil exerted a force to the magnetic material, which results in the change of the resonant frequency. However, the change in the mechanical properties of the cantilever, due to mechanical instability and temperature variation, drifts the resonance peak. Force balancing between the magnetic force and an electrostatic force in the opposite phase can minimize the vibration amplitude. From the electrostatic force at the minimum point, the exerted force can be estimated. A magnetic moment of 4ÃÂ10Ã¢ÂÂ20 J/T was measured by this method. The same technique was also applied to measure the optical force of Ã¢ÂÂ¼ 10Ã¢ÂÂ17 N, impinging on the cantilever by a laser diode. ÃÂ© 2003 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Ono, T. and Esashi, M.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2003},
	pages = {5141--5146}
}

@inproceedings{omalley_mapping_2010,
	address = {Ancona, Italy},
	series = {{AIP} {Conf}. {Proc}.},
	title = {Mapping {LDV} noise as a function of standoff distance, beam focus, and surface roughness},
	volume = {1253},
	isbn = {0094-243X},
	shorttitle = {Mapping {LDV} noise as a function of standoff distance, beam focus, and surface roughness},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455468},
	abstract = {This paper reports on a series of experiments intended to quantify the effect of surface roughness, laser focus, and measurement standoff distance on the noise in laser Doppler vibrometry measurements. A series of measurements of the noise signal were made with a single point laser vibrometer at normal incidence on solid aluminum surfaces sanded with 80- and 1000-grit abrasive. The parameters varied for this study were the standoff range and the focus of the instrument, which determines the spot size.},
	booktitle = {9th {International} {Conference} on {Vibration} {Measurements} by {Laser} and {Non}-contact {Techniques}},
	author = {O'Malley, P. and Woods, T. and Vignola, J. and Judge, J. and Kurdila, A.},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Doppler measurement, measurement by laser beam, vibration measurement, surface roughness, laser beam focus, laser Doppler vibrometry measurements, laser vibrometer, LDV noise mapping, noise signal, solid aluminum surfaces, standoff distance},
	pages = {291--7}
}

@article{dohn_mass_2007,
	title = {Mass and position determination of attached particles on cantilever based mass sensors},
	volume = {78},
	issn = {00346748},
	url = {http://rsi.aip.org/resource/1/rsinak/v78/i10/p103303_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2804074},
	abstract = {An analytical expression relating mass and position of a particle attached on a cantilever to the resulting change in cantilever resonant frequency is derived. Theoretically, the position and mass of the attached particle can be deduced by combining measured resonant frequencies of several bending modes. This finding is verified experimentally using a microscale cantilever with and without an attached gold bead. The resonant frequencies of several bending modes are measured as a function of the bead position. The bead mass and position calculated from the measured resonant frequencies are in good agreement with the expected mass and the position measured.},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2012-02-22},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Dohn, S. and Svendsen, W. and Boisen, A. and Hansen, O.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {103303--103303--3}
}

@article{shen_mass_2006,
	title = {Mass detection sensitivity of piezoelectric cantilevers with a nonpiezoelectric extension},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {0034-6748},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2202913},
	abstract = {A piezoelectric cantilever (PEC) is a transverse transducer consisting of a piezoelectric layer, e.g., lead zirconate titanate (PZT), bonded to a nonpiezoelectric layer, e.g., stainless steel, which has a uniform cross section throughout the length. A PEC with a thin nonpiezoelectric extension, on the other hand, has two distinctive sections each with its own thickness and transverse mass-density and elastic-modulus profiles. A piezoelectric cantilever with a nonpiezoelectric extension has been increasingly used as an in situ biosensor that has the advantage of dipping only the nonpiezoelectric extension part in an aqueous solution without electrically insulating the piezoelectric section. In this study, we examined both experimentally and theoretically the effect of the thin nonpiezoelectric extension, in particular, its length ratio to the piezoelectric part on the vibration wave form and mass detection sensitivity of a PEC. We showed that the nonpiezoelectric extension caused substantial distortion to the vibration wave form. Due to the wave form distortion, the mass detection sensitivity of a PEC with a nonpiezoelectric extension can be higher than that of a PEC of the same length without a nonpiezoelectric extension. Using PECs consisting of a {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater0.25{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreatermm{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater thick PZT layer and a {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater0.07{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreatermm{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater thick stainless steel of various lengths, {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreaterl$_{\textrm{1}}$\${\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater, and a {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater0.07{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreatermm{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater thick nonpiezoelectric stainless steel extension of various lengths, {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreaterl$_{\textrm{2}}$\${\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater, we showed that for any {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreaterl$_{\textrm{1}}$\${\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater, the maximum mass detection sensitivities of first, second, and third modes occurred at {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreaterl$_{\textrm{2}}$$_{\textrm{1}}$\$=0.6{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater, 0.28, and 0.16 and the maximum values were, respectively, 1.42, 3.9, and 6.7 times the mass detection sensitivity of a PEC of the same {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreaterl$_{\textrm{1}}$\${\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater without a - nonpiezoelectric extension.},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Shen, Z. and Shih, W. Y. and Shih, W.-H.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {vibrations, piezoelectric transducers, elastic moduli, stainless steel, mass measurement, lead compounds, piezoelectric oscillations},
	pages = {065101--1--065101--10}
}

@article{gil-santos_mass_2009,
	title = {Mass {Sensing} {Based} on {Deterministic} and {Stochastic} {Responses} of {Elastically} {Coupled} {Nanocantilevers}},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1530-6984},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl902350b},
	doi = {10.1021/nl902350b},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Nano Letters},
	author = {Gil-Santos, E. and Ramos, D. and Jana, A. and Calleja, M. and Raman, A. and Tamayo, J.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {4122--4127},
	annote = {doi: 10.1021/nl902350b}
}

@article{ono_mass_2003,
	title = {Mass sensing of adsorbed molecules in sub-picogram sample with ultrathin silicon resonator},
	volume = {74},
	shorttitle = {Mass sensing of adsorbed molecules in sub-picogram sample with ultrathin silicon resonator},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Ono, T. and Li, X. and Miyashita, H. and Esashi, M.},
	year = {2003}
}

@inproceedings{glean_mass_2013,
	address = {Portland, Oregon},
	title = {Mass sensing using the time-domain response of a {MEMS} structure with a functionalized subordinate oscillator array},
	url = {file:///C:/Users/Ryan/Desktop/PUBS/IDETC2013/Glean_IDETC2013-13394.pdf},
	urldate = {2013-03-14},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ASME} {IDETC}/{CIE} 2013 7th {International} {Conference} on {Micro}- and {Nanosystems} ({MNS})},
	publisher = {ASME},
	author = {Glean, A. A. J. and Vignola, J. F. and Judge, J. A. and Ryan, T. J.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013}
}

@article{sebaa_measuring_2005,
	title = {Measuring flow resistivity of porous material via acoustic reflected waves},
	volume = {98},
	issn = {00218979},
	url = {http://jap.aip.org/resource/1/japiau/v98/i8/p084901_s1},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2099510},
	abstract = {An acoustic reflectivity method is proposed for measuring flow resistivity of porous materials having rigid frame. The flow resistivity of porous material is defined as the ratio between the pressure difference across a sample and the velocity of flow of air through that sample per unit cube. It is important as one of the several parameters required by acoustical theory to characterize porous materials like plastic foams and fibrous or granular materials. The proposed method is based on a temporal model of the direct and inverse scattering problem for the diffusion of transient low-frequency waves in a homogeneous isotropic slab of porous material having a rigid frame. This time domain model of wave propagation was initially introduced by the authors [ Z.E.A. Fellah and C. Depollier, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 683 (2000) ]. The viscous losses of the medium are described by the model devised by Johnson et al. [D. L. Johnson, J. Koplik, and R. Dashen, J. Fluid. Mech. 176, 379 (1987) ]. Reflection and transmission scattering operators for a slab of porous material are derived from the responses of the medium to an incident acoustic pulse. The flow resistivity is determined from the expression of the reflection operator. Experimental and numerical validation results of this method are presented. A guide (pipe) is used in the experiment for obtaining a plane wave. This method has the advantage of being simple, rapid, and efficient.},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2013-02-13},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Sebaa, N. and Fellah, Z. E. A. and Fellah, M. and Lauriks, W. and Depollier, C.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {084901--084901--10}
}

@book{ginsberg_mechanical_2001-1,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Mechanical and {Structural} {Vibrations}},
	shorttitle = {Mechanical and {Structural} {Vibrations}},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	author = {Ginsberg, J. H.},
	year = {2001}
}

@article{johnson_mechanical_1971,
	title = {Mechanical {Filters} - {A} {Review} of {Progress}},
	volume = {SU-18},
	shorttitle = {Mechanical {Filters} - {A} {Review} of {Progress}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Johnson_IEEE_1971-0460408578/Johnson_IEEE_1971.pdf},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions of Sonics and Ultrasonics},
	author = {Johnson, R. A. and Borner, M. and Konno, M.},
	year = {1971},
	pages = {155--170}
}

@book{johnson_mechanical_1983,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Mechanical {Filters} in {Electronics}},
	shorttitle = {Mechanical {Filters} in {Electronics}},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Johnson, R. A.},
	year = {1983}
}

@book{elwenspoek_mechanical_2001,
	title = {Mechanical {Microsensors}},
	isbn = {978-3-540-67582-2},
	abstract = {This book provides a comprehensive description of microsensors for mechanical quantities (flow, pressure, force, inertia) fabricated by silicon micromachining. Since the design of such sensors requires interdisciplinary teamwork, the presentation is made accessible to engineers trained in electrical and mechanical engineering, physics and chemistry. The reader is guided through the micromachining fabrication process. A chapter on microsensor packaging completes the discussion of technological problems. The description of the basic physics required for sensor design includes the mechanics of deformation and the piezoresistive transduction to electrical signals. There is also a comprehensive discussion of resonant sensors, the hydrodynamics and heat transfer relevant for flow sensors, and, finally, electronic interfacing and readout circuitry. Numerous up-to-date case studies are presented, together with the working, fabrication and design of the sensors.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Elwenspoek, M. and Wiegerink, R.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Technology \& Engineering / Automation, Science / Weights \& Measures, Technology \& Engineering / Electronics / General, Technology \& Engineering / Nanotechnology \& MEMS}
}

@article{ilic_mechanical_2000,
	title = {Mechanical resonant immunospecific biological detector},
	volume = {77},
	shorttitle = {Mechanical resonant immunospecific biological detector},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ilic, B. and Czaplewski, D. and Craighead, H. G. and Neuzil, P. and Campagnolo, C. and Batt, C.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {450--452}
}

@book{hartog_mechanical_1956-1,
	title = {Mechanical {Vibrations}},
	isbn = {978-0-486-13185-6},
	abstract = {This classic text combines the scholarly insights of its distinguished author with the practical, problem-solving orientation of an experienced industrial engineer. Topics include the kinematics of vibration, degrees of freedom, gyroscopic effects, relaxation oscillations, Rayleigh's method, and more. Abundant examples and figures, plus more than 230 problems and answers. 1956 edition.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Courier Dover Publications},
	author = {Hartog, Den},
	year = {1956},
	keywords = {Science / Waves \& Wave Mechanics, Technology \& Engineering / Civil / General, Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General)}
}

@article{li_mechanically_2012,
	title = {Mechanically coupled {CMOS}-{MEMS} free-free beam resonator arrays with enhanced power handling capability},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0885-3010},
	doi = {10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2203},
	abstract = {Integrated CMOS-MEMS free-free beam resonator arrays operated in a standard two-port electrical configuration with low motional impedance and high power handling capability, centered at 10.5 MHz, have been demonstrated using the combination of pull-in gap reduction mechanism and mechanically coupled array design. The mechanical links (i.e., coupling elements) using short stubs connect each constituent resonator of an array to its adjacent ones at the high-velocity vibrating locations to accentuate the desired mode and reject all other spurious modes. A single second-mode free-free beam resonator with quality factor Q gt;; 2200 and motional impedance R$_{\textrm{m}}$\$ lt;; 150 k \#x03A9; has been used to achieve mechanically coupled resonator arrays in this work. In array design, a 9-resonator array has been experimentally characterized to have performance improvement of approximately 10 \#x00D7; on motional impedance and power handling as compared with that of a single resonator. In addition, the two-port electrical configuration is much preferred over a one-port configuration because of its low-feedthrough and high design flexibility for future oscillator and filter implementation.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control},
	author = {Li, M.-H. and Chen, W.-C. and Li, S.-S.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {CMOS integrated circuits, array design, constituent resonator, filter, frequency 10.5 MHz, integrated CMOS-MEMS free-free beam resonator array, mechanical link, mechanically coupled CMOS-MEMS free-free beam resonator array, micromechanical resonators, motional impedance, oscillator, power handling capability, pull-in gap reduction mechanism, second-mode free-free beam resonator, short stubs, two-port electrical configuration},
	pages = {346 --357}
}

@inproceedings{peeters_mems_2000,
	title = {{MEMS} device for mass market gas and chemical sensors},
	volume = {4176},
	shorttitle = {{MEMS} device for mass market gas and chemical sensors},
	booktitle = {Micromachined {Devices} and {Components} {VI}},
	publisher = {SPIE},
	author = {Peeters, Eric and Paul, Oliver and Kinkade, Brian R. and Daly, James T. and Johnson, Edward A.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {180--187}
}

@book{beeby_mems_2004,
	address = {Boston},
	title = {{MEMS} {Mechanical} {Sensors}},
	shorttitle = {{MEMS} {Mechanical} {Sensors}},
	publisher = {Artech House, Inc.},
	author = {Beeby, S. and Ensell, G. and Kraft, M. and White, N.},
	year = {2004}
}

@article{bogue_mems_2007,
	title = {{MEMS} sensors: past, present and future},
	volume = {27},
	shorttitle = {{MEMS} sensors},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/087/2007/00000027/00000001/art00001},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Sensor Review},
	author = {Bogue, R.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {7--13}
}

@article{nguyen_mems_2005,
	title = {{MEMS} {Technology} for {Timing} and {Frequency} {Control}},
	volume = {54},
	shorttitle = {{MEMS} {Technology} for {Timing} and {Frequency} {Control}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Nguyen_IEEE_2005-3799077378/Nguyen_IEEE_2005.pdf},
	journal = {IEEE Trans. On Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control},
	author = {Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {251--270}
}

@article{rogers_mercury_2003,
	title = {Mercury vapor detection with a self-sensing, resonating piezoelectric cantilever},
	volume = {74},
	issn = {00346748},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1614876},
	abstract = {A microcantilever with an integrated piezoelectric film is demonstrated as a mercury vapor detector. The cantilever is self-sensing and self-actuating, and therefore does not need alignment of an external, optical detection system. This gives the new sensor system an advantage in array applications. Mercury vapor, when adsorbed onto gold on the cantilever, causes the stiffness, and therefore the natural frequency, of the cantilever to increase as a result of mercury gold amalgamation. This shift is detected using the piezoelectric portion of the cantilever in conjunction with a bridge circuit and amplifier. A mercury concentration of 93 ppb in nitrogen is detected. ÃÂ© 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Rogers, B. and Manning, L. and Jones, M. and Sulchek, I. and Murray, K. and Beneschott, B. and Adams, J. D. and Hu, Z. and Thundat, T. and Cavazos, H. and Minne, S. C.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2003},
	lccn = {11209935},
	keywords = {Microelectromechanical systems, Detectors, AMPLIFIERS (Electronics), CANTILEVER bridges, MERCURY, PIEZOELECTRIC materials},
	pages = {4899}
}

@article{waggoner_micro-_2007,
	title = {Micro- and nanomechanical sensors for environmental, chemical, and biological detection},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1473-0189},
	url = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2007/lc/b707401h},
	doi = {10.1039/B707401H},
	abstract = {Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, including cantilevers and other small scale structures, have been studied for sensor applications. Accurate sensing of gaseous or aqueous environments, chemical vapors, and biomolecules have been demonstrated using a variety of these devices that undergo static deflections or shifts in resonant frequency upon analyte binding. In particular, biological detection of viruses, antigens, DNA, and other proteins is of great interest. While the majority of currently used detection schemes are reliant on biomarkers, such as fluorescent labels, time, effort, and chemical activity could be saved by developing an ultrasensitive method of label-free mass detection. Micro- and nanoscale sensors have been effectively applied as label-free detectors. In the following, we review the technologies and recent developments in the field of micro- and nanoelectromechanical sensors with particular emphasis on their application as biological sensors and recent work towards integrating these sensors in microfluidic systems.},
	language = {en},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2014-03-18},
	journal = {Lab on a Chip},
	author = {Waggoner, Philip S. and Craighead, Harold G.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1238--1255}
}

@inproceedings{zou_micro-electro-mechanical_2012-1,
	title = {Micro-electro-mechanical resonant tilt sensor},
	doi = {10.1109/FCS.2012.6243702},
	abstract = {This paper reports a micro-electro-mechanical tilt sensor based on resonant sensing principles. The tilt sensor measures orientation by sensing the component of gravitational acceleration along a specified input axis. Design aspects of the tilt sensor are first introduced and a design trade-off between sensitivity, resolution and robustness is addressed. A prototype sensor is microfabricated in a foundry process. The sensor is characterized to validate predictive analytical and FEA models of performance. The prototype is tested over tilt angles ranging over ÃÂ±90 degrees and the linearity of the sensor is found to be better than 1.4\% over the tilt angle range of ÃÂ±20ÃÂ°. The noise-limited resolution of the sensor is found to be approximately 0.00026 degrees for an integration time of 0.6 seconds.},
	booktitle = {Frequency {Control} {Symposium} ({FCS}), 2012 {IEEE} {International}},
	author = {Zou, X. and Thiruvenkatanathan, P. and Seshia, A.A.},
	month = may,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {acceleration, design aspect, FEA model, finite element analysis, foundry process, gravitational acceleration, microelectromechanical resonant tilt sensor, microfabrication, microsensors, noise-limited resolution, oscillators, Prototypes, Resonant frequency, resonant sensing principle, Robot sensing systems, Robustness, Sensitivity, sensor linearity},
	pages = {1--4}
}

@article{zougagh_micro-electromechanical_2009,
	title = {Micro-electromechanical sensors in the analytical field},
	volume = {134},
	issn = {1364-5528},
	url = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/an/b901498p},
	doi = {10.1039/B901498P},
	abstract = {Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) for use as sensors represent one of the most exciting new fields in analytical chemistry today. These systems are advantageous over currently available non-miniaturized sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalances, thickness shear mode resonators, an},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Analyst},
	author = {Zougagh, M. and Rios, A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1274--1290}
}

@article{stephan_microcantilever_2002,
	title = {Microcantilever charged-particle flux detector},
	volume = {73},
	issn = {00346748},
	url = {http://rsi.aip.org/resource/1/rsinak/v73/i1/p36_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1427413},
	abstract = {A micromechanical sensor for charged-particle flux detection utilizing the extreme force sensitivity of microcantilevers is demonstrated with alpha particles. The latter create a charge buildup on an electrically isolated collection plate, a metallic sphere. The cantilever detector measures the electric field emanating from the charge collection sphere using variations in mechanical parameters. Results are compared with responses due to fixed voltages on the sphere. Parameters investigated include cantilever deflection due to total charge and frequency and damping rate variation due to electrostatic force gradient. The minimum detectable particle fluence using this technique was calculated to be around 1000 particles in air, or about 3.2ÃÂ10Ã¢ÂÂ4 pC. ÃÂ© 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Stephan, A. C. and Gaulden, T. and Brown, A. -D. and Smith, M. and Miller, L. F. and Thundat, T.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {36--41}
}

@article{su_microcantilever_2003,
	title = {Microcantilever resonance-based {DNA} detection with nanoparticle probes},
	volume = {82},
	shorttitle = {Microcantilever resonance-based {DNA} detection with nanoparticle probes},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Su, M. and Li, S. and Dravid, V. P.},
	year = {2003}
}

@article{thundat_microcantilever_1997-1,
	title = {Microcantilever {Sensors}},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {1089-3954},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/108939597200214},
	doi = {10.1080/108939597200214},
	abstract = {The advent of inexpensive, mass-produced microcantilevers promises to bring about a revolution in the field of chemical, physical, and biological sensor development. The microcantilever resonance responses such as resonance frequency, deflection, amplitude, and Q-factor undergo variation due to external stimuli. The resonance response variation can be due to mass loading, surface stress, or damping. When molecules adsorb on surfaces they can also produce a surface stress due to forces involved in the adsorption process and can be observed as changes in deflections of a thin microcantilever. In this article we review the technology and present a series of highly sensitive sensors that are based on commercially available microcantilevers used in atomic force microscopy.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Oden, P. I. and Warmack, R. J.},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {185--199}
}

@article{alvarez_microcantilever-based_2010,
	title = {Microcantilever-based platforms as biosensing tools},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {0003-2654},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B908503N},
	abstract = {The fast and progressive growth of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields forces the development of new and powerful sensing techniques for process optimization and detection of biomolecules at very low concentrations. During the last years, the simplest MEMS structures, i.e. microcantilevers, have become an emerging and promising technology for biosensing applications, due to their small size, fast response, high sensitivity and their compatible integration into "lab-on-a-chip" devices. This article provides an overview of some of the most interesting bio-detections carried out during the last 2-3 years with the microcantilever-based platforms, which highlight the continuous expansion of this kind of sensor in the medical diagnosis field, reaching limits of detection at the single molecule level.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Analyst},
	author = {Alvarez, M. and Lechuga, L. M.},
	year = {2010}
}

@article{lin_microelectromechanical_1998,
	title = {Microelectromechanical {Filters} for {Signal} {Processing}},
	volume = {7},
	shorttitle = {Microelectromechanical {Filters} for {Signal} {Processing}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Lin_J_MEMS_1998-0158419458/Lin_J_MEMS_1998.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Microelecromechanical Systems},
	author = {Lin, L. and Howe, R. T. and Pisano, A. P.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {286--294}
}

@patent{lin_microelectromechanical_1995,
	address = {USA},
	title = {Microelectromechanical {Signal} {Processors}, {US} {Patent} 5455547A},
	shorttitle = {Microelectromechanical {Signal} {Processors}},
	number = {5455547A},
	author = {Lin, L. and Nguyen, C. T.-C. and Howe, R. T. and Pisano, A. P.},
	year = {1995}
}

@article{nguyen_micromachined_1998,
	title = {Micromachined {Devices} for {Wireless} {Communications}},
	volume = {86},
	shorttitle = {Micromachined {Devices} for {Wireless} {Communications}},
	journal = {Proc. IEEE},
	author = {Nguyen, C.T.-C. and Katehi, Linda P. B. and Rebeiz, Gabriel M.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {1756, 1766}
}

@article{zribi_micromachined_2005,
	title = {Micromachined resonant multiple gas sensor},
	volume = {122},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424705000701},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2004.12.034},
	abstract = {This paper introduces a novel resonant MEMS sensor for carbon dioxide and humidity detection and discusses its performance. The sensor is composed of a resonant silicon nitride diaphragm and a nanostructured gas sensitive film with high adsorption capability and specificity to the analyte. The diaphragm is driven into transverse vibrational resonance by means of Lorentz electromagnetic forces. Upon exposure to the gas analyte, the functional material adsorbs gas molecules inducing a dimensional and mass change in the material and hence a measurable change in the resonant frequency of the sensor. We systematically study the performance of the sensor as a function of geometrical parameters such as membrane size and thickness. Two different adsorbents were used in conjunction with the resonant sensor to detect H2O vapor and CO2. A thin film of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) H+ was used to detect moisture while a thin layer of dispersed single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) was used to sense CO2. Results indicate high performance for low dew point moisture detection and CO2 measurements within a broad range of concentrations (Ã¢ÂÂ60 to 15 ÃÂ°C dew points, 0Ã¢ÂÂ20 CO2 vol.\%) with resolutions as low as 1 ppm water vapor and 0.7 vol.\% CO2.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Zribi, A. and Knobloch, A. and Tian, W.-C. and Goodwin, S.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Carbon dioxide, MEMS, Carbon nanotubes, Gas sensor, Humidity, Resonant sensor},
	pages = {31--38}
}

@article{zribi_micromachined_2005-1,
	title = {Micromachined resonant multiple gas sensor},
	volume = {122},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424705000701},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2004.12.034},
	abstract = {This paper introduces a novel resonant MEMS sensor for carbon dioxide and humidity detection and discusses its performance. The sensor is composed of a resonant silicon nitride diaphragm and a nanostructured gas sensitive film with high adsorption capability and specificity to the analyte. The diaphragm is driven into transverse vibrational resonance by means of Lorentz electromagnetic forces. Upon exposure to the gas analyte, the functional material adsorbs gas molecules inducing a dimensional and mass change in the material and hence a measurable change in the resonant frequency of the sensor. We systematically study the performance of the sensor as a function of geometrical parameters such as membrane size and thickness. Two different adsorbents were used in conjunction with the resonant sensor to detect H2O vapor and CO2. A thin film of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) H+ was used to detect moisture while a thin layer of dispersed single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) was used to sense CO2. Results indicate high performance for low dew point moisture detection and CO2 measurements within a broad range of concentrations (Ã¢ÂÂ60 to 15 ÃÂ°C dew points, 0Ã¢ÂÂ20 CO2 vol.\%) with resolutions as low as 1 ppm water vapor and 0.7 vol.\% CO2.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Zribi, A. and Knobloch, A. and Tian, W.-C. and Goodwin, S.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Carbon dioxide, MEMS, Carbon nanotubes, Gas sensor, Humidity, Resonant sensor},
	pages = {31--38}
}

@article{nugaeva_micromechanical_2005,
	title = {Micromechanical cantilever array sensors for selective fungal immobilization and fast growth detection},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0956-5663},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566305000400},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2005.02.004},
	abstract = {We demonstrate the use of micromechanical cantilever arrays for selective immobilization and fast quantitative detection of vital fungal spores. Micro-fabricated uncoated as well as gold-coated silicon cantilevers were functionalized with concanavalin A, fibronectin or immunoglobulin G. In our experiments two major morphological fungal forms were usedÃ¢ÂÂthe mycelial form Aspergillus niger and the unicellular yeast form Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as models to explore a new method for growth detection of eukaryotic organisms using cantilever arrays. We exploited the specific biomolecular interactions of surface grafted proteins with the molecular structures on the fungal cell surface. It was found that these proteins have different affinities and efficiencies to bind the spores. Maximum spore immobilization, germination and mycelium growth was observed on the immunoglobulin G functionalized cantilever surfaces. We show that spore immobilization and germination of the mycelial fungus A. niger and yeast S. cerevisiae led to shifts in resonance frequency within a few hours as measured by dynamically operated cantilever arrays, whereas conventional techniques would require several days. The biosensor could detect the target fungi in a range of 103Ã¢ÂÂ106 CFU mlÃ¢ÂÂ1. The measured shift is proportional to the mass of single fungal spores and can be used to evaluate spore contamination levels. Applications lie in the field of medical and agricultural diagnostics, food- and water-quality monitoring.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
	author = {Nugaeva, N. and Gfeller, K. Y. and Backmann, N. and Lang, H. P. and Duggelin, M. and Hegner, M.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Biosensor, Fungal growth measurement, Fungal spore detection, Micro-fabricated cantilever array, Microfungal selective functionalization},
	pages = {849--856}
}

@article{raiteri_micromechanical_2001,
	title = {Micromechanical cantilever-based biosensors},
	volume = {79},
	issn = {0925-4005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400501008565},
	doi = {10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00856-5},
	abstract = {The merging of silicon microfabrication techniques with surface functionalization biochemistry offers new exciting opportunities in developing microscopic biomedical analysis devices with unique characteristics. Micro-mechanical transducers for chemical and biosensing applications represent one possibility. Microcantilevers can transduce a chemical signal into a mechanical motion with high sensitivity. In this review we summarize how cantilever-based sensors can be operated, and their working principle is presented in few selected biosensing experiments which have been performed recently in our groups in the study of biotinÃ¢ÂÂstreptavidin and antigenÃ¢ÂÂantibody interactions, and specific surface charge development of organic molecules. We also discuss the advantages of this novel technique as well as its potentials.},
	number = {2-3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
	author = {Raiteri, R. and Grattarola, M. and Butt, H. J. and Skladal, P.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {microfabrication, Biosensor, Cantilever, Immunosensor, Surface functionalization},
	pages = {115--126}
}

@inproceedings{nguyen_micromechanical_1999,
	title = {Micromechanical filters for miniaturized low-power communications},
	volume = {3673},
	url = {http://spie.org/x648.html?product_id=354265},
	doi = {10.1117/12.354265},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	booktitle = {{SPIE} {Proceedings} {Vol}. 3673, {Smart} {Structures} and {Materials} 1999: {Smart} {Electronics} and {MEMS}},
	publisher = {SPIE},
	author = {Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {55--66}
}

@inproceedings{wong_micromechanical_1998,
	title = {Micromechanical mixer and filters},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=746400},
	urldate = {2013-04-04},
	booktitle = {Electron {Devices} {Meeting}, 1998. {IEDM}'98. {Technical} {Digest}., {International}},
	author = {Wong, Ark-Chew and Ding, Hao and Nguyen, CT-C.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {471--474}
}

@article{wong_micromechanical_2004,
	title = {Micromechanical {Mixer}-{Filters} ("{Mixlers}")},
	volume = {13},
	shorttitle = {Micromechanical {Mixer}-{Filters} (Ã¢ÂÂ{Mixlers}Ã¢ÂÂ)},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/wong_J_mems_2004-0812729858/wong_J_mems_2004.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Microelecromechanical Systems},
	author = {Wong, A.-C. and Nguyen, C. T.-C.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {100--112}
}

@article{gfeller_micromechanical_2005,
	title = {Micromechanical oscillators as rapid biosensor for the detection of active growth of {Escherichia} coli},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0956-5663},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566304005688},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2004.11.018},
	abstract = {A rapid biosensor for the detection of bacterial growth was developed using micromechanical oscillators coated by common nutritive layers. The change in resonance frequency as a function of the increasing mass on a cantilever array forms the basis of the detection scheme. The sensor is able to detect active growth of Escherichia coli cells within 1 h which is significantly faster than any conventional plating method which requires at least 24 h. The growth of E. coli was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. This new sensing method for the detection of active bacterial growth allows future applications in, e.g., rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing by adding antibiotics to the nutritive layer.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
	author = {Gfeller, K. Y. and Nugaeva, N. and Hegner, M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Biosensor, Active growth, E. coli, Micromechanical oscillators},
	pages = {528--533}
}

@article{thundat_micromechanical_1995-1,
	title = {Micromechanical radiation dosimeter},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v66/i12/p1563_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.113647},
	abstract = {We demonstrate the use of microcantilevers coated with ultraviolet crossÃ¢ÂÂlinking polymers as optical radiation dosimeters. Upon exposure to radiation, a treated cantilever bends due to stress and its resonance frequency increases due to stiffening. These phenomena can be used to develop sensitive radiation dosimeters which respond to radiation affecting the mechanical properties of the selected coating.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Sharp, S. L. and Fisher, W. G. and Warmack, R. J. and Wachter, E. A.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1995},
	pages = {1563--1565}
}

@article{greywall_micromechanical_1999,
	title = {Micromechanical {RF} filters excited by the {Lorentz} force},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {0960-1317},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/9/1/310},
	abstract = {A design is proposed for a high- Q rf band-pass filter whose active element is a micromachined mechanical resonator. The device is located in a large magnetic field created by a miniature permanent magnet and can be configured to operate at frequencies extending into the low GHz regime.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Greywall, Dennis S},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {78}
}

@article{voiculescu_micropreconcentrator_2006,
	title = {Micropreconcentrator for {Enhanced} {Trace} {Detection} of {Explosives} and {Chemical} {Agents}},
	volume = {6},
	shorttitle = {Micropreconcentrator for {Enhanced} {Trace} {Detection} of {Explosives} and {Chemical} {Agents}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/voiculescu_IEEE_2006-1868316171/voiculescu_IEEE_2006.pdf},
	journal = {IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL},
	author = {Voiculescu, Ioana R. Andrew McGill and Zaghloul, Mona E. and Mott, David and Stepnowski, Jennifer and Stepnowski, Stanley and Nguyen, Heather Summers Viet and Ross, Stuart and Walsh, Kevin and Martin, Michael},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1094--1104},
	annote = {5}
}

@article{davila_microresonator_2007,
	title = {Microresonator mass sensors for detection of {Bacillus} anthracis {Sterne} spores in air and water},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {09565663},
	shorttitle = {Microresonator mass sensors for detection of {Bacillus} anthracis {Sterne} spores in air and water},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2007.01.012},
	abstract = {Towards the goal of developing a real-time monitoring device for microorganisms, we demonstrate the use of microcantilevers as resonant mass sensors for detection of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores in air and liquid. The detection scheme was based on measuring resonant frequency decrease driven by thermally induced oscillations, as a result of the added mass of the spores with the use of a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Viscous effects were investigated by comparing measurements in air and deionized (DI) water along with theoretical values. Moreover, biological experiments were performed which involved suspending spores onto the cantilevers and performing mass detection in air and water. For detection of spores in water, the cantilevers were functionalized with antibodies in order to fix the spores onto the surface. We demonstrate that as few as 50 spores on the cantilever can be detected in water using the thermal noise as excitation source. Measurement sensitivity of 9.23 Hz/fg for air and 0.1 Hz/fg for water were obtained. These measurements were compared with theoretical values and sources of improvement in cantilever sensitivity in a viscous medium were also discussed. It is expected that by driving the cantilevers and using higher order modes, detection of a single spore in liquids should be achievable. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
	author = {Davila, A. P. and Jang, J. and Gupta, A. K. and Walter, T. and Aronson, A. and Bashir, R.},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Sensors, Air, Natural frequencies, Cantilever beams, Microorganisms, Resonators},
	pages = {3028--3035},
	annote = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.20072110616727Anthracis Sterne sporesDoppler vibrometerMicrocantileversResonant mass sensors}
}

@article{lavrik_microsensors_2005,
	title = {Microsensors, macrosensitivity},
	issn = {1533-5496},
	url = {http://spie.org/x15984.xml},
	doi = {10.1117/2.5200502.0005},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {oemagazine},
	author = {Lavrik, N. V.},
	year = {2005}
}

@book{senturia_microsystem_2000,
	title = {Microsystem {Design}},
	isbn = {978-0-7923-7246-2},
	abstract = {The goal of this book is to bring together into one accessible text the fundamentals of the many disciplines needed by today's engineer working in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The subject matter is wide-ranging: microfabrication, mechanics, heat flow, electronics, noise, and dynamics of systems, with and without feedback. Because it is very difficult to enunciate principles of `good design' in the abstract, the book is organized around a set of Case Studies that are based on real products, or, where appropriately well-documented products could not be found, on thoroughly published prototype work. The Case Studies were selected to sample a multidimensional space: different manufacturing and fabrication methods, different device applications, and different physical effects used for transduction. The Case Study subjects are: the design and packaging of a piezoresistive pressure sensor, a capacitively-sensed accelerometer, a quartz piezoelectrically-driven and sensed rate gyroscope, two electrostatically-actuated optical projection displays, two microsystems for the amplification of DNA, and a catalytic sensor for combustible gases. This book is used for a graduate course in `Design and Fabrication of Microelectromechanical Devices (MEMS)' at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is appropriate for textbook use by senior/graduate courses in MEMS, and will be a useful reference for the active MEMS professional. Each chapter is supplemented with homework problems and suggested related reading. In addition, the book is supported by a web site that will include additional homework exercises, suggested design problems and related teaching materials, and software used in the textbook examples and homework problems.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Senturia, S. D.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {Science / Mechanics / General, Technology \& Engineering / Materials Science, Technology \& Engineering / Electrical, Technology \& Engineering / Optics}
}

@article{newell_miniaturization_1968,
	title = {Miniaturization of {Tuning} {Forks}},
	volume = {161},
	shorttitle = {Miniaturization of {Tuning} {Forks}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Newell_science_1968-4218251265/Newell_science_1968.pdf},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Newell, W. E.},
	year = {1968},
	pages = {1320}
}

@article{zuo_minimax_2004-1,
	title = {Minimax optimization of multi-degree-of-freedom tuned-mass dampers},
	volume = {272},
	shorttitle = {Minimax optimization of multi-degree-of-freedom tuned-mass dampers},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Zou_J_sound&vib_2004-2662584833/Zou_J_sound&vib_2004.pdf},
	journal = {J. Sound \& Vib.},
	author = {Zuo, L. and Nayfeh, S.A.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {893--908}
}

@article{drexel_modal_2001-1,
	title = {Modal {Overlap} and {Dissipation} {Effects} of a {Cantilever} {Beam} with {Multiple} {Attached} {Oscillators}},
	volume = {123},
	shorttitle = {Modal {Overlap} and {Dissipation} {Effects} of a {Cantilever} {Beam} with {Multiple} {Attached} {Oscillators}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Drexel J vib and acoutics 2001-3742201088/Drexel J vib and acoutics 2001.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Drexel, M. V. and Ginsberg, J. H.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {181}
}

@book{ewins_modal_2001-1,
	edition = {2},
	title = {Modal {Testing}: {Theory}, {Practice} and {Application}},
	isbn = {0-86380-218-4},
	shorttitle = {Modal {Testing}},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	author = {Ewins, D. J.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2001}
}

@article{vakakis_mode_1993,
	title = {Mode {Localization} in a {Class} of {Multidegree}-of-{Freedom} {Nonlinear} {Systems} with {Cyclic} {Symmetry}},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {0036-1399, 1095-712X},
	url = {http://epubs.siam.org.proxycu.wrlc.org/doi/abs/10.1137/0153016?journalCode=smjmap},
	doi = {10.1137/0153016},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-01-25},
	journal = {SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics},
	author = {Vakakis, A. F. and Cetinkaya, C.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {265--282}
}

@article{huber_mode-selective_2010,
	title = {Mode-selective noncontact excitation of microcantilevers and microcantilever arrays in air using the ultrasound radiation force},
	volume = {97},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v97/i21/p214101_s1?isAuthorized=no&ver=pdfcov},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.3521256},
	abstract = {We demonstrate the use of focused ultrasound waves to excite eigenmodes of microfabricated structures such as atomic force microscopy microcantilevers and coupled microcantilever arrays, among the smallest objects that have been excited in air using ultrasound radiation force. The method is based on the radiation force produced by a double-sideband suppressed carrier ultrasound waveform, centered at 500 kHz. The difference frequency between the sidebands, ranging from 10 to 200 kHz, excited resonances of these structures. Frequency response curves and deflection shapes were consistent with conventional base excitation, demonstrating the feasibility of noncontact excitation for a variety of microscale devices.},
	number = {21},
	urldate = {2012-01-31},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Huber, T. M. and Abell, B. C. and Mellema, D. C. and Spletzer, M. and Raman, A.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {214101--214101--3}
}

@article{huang_model_2006,
	title = {Model for the adsorption-induced change in resonance frequency of a cantilever},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v89/i4/p043506_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2236102},
	abstract = {A model, where the interaction between adsorbates and the cantilever and that between the adsorbates themselves have been explicitly taken into account through Lennard-Jones potential, is developed to explain the adsorption-induced fundamental resonance frequency change of a cantilever. With the model, one can obtain results comparable to some experimental observations and predict results with implications for certain applications of resonant behavior of small-dimensioned cantilevers.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Huang, G. Y. and Gao, W. and Yu, S. W.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {043506--043506--3}
}

@article{musca_monolithic_2005,
	title = {Monolithic integration of an infrared photon detector with a {MEMS}-based tunable filter},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {0741-3106},
	doi = {10.1109/LED.2005.859651},
	abstract = {The monolithic integration of a low-temperature microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and HgCdTe infrared detector technology has been implemented and characterized. The MEMS-based tunable optical filter, integrated with an infrared detector, selects narrow wavelength bands in the range from 1.6 to 2.5 mu;m within the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The entire fabrication process is compatible with two-dimensional infrared focal plane array technology. The fabricated device consists of an HgCdTe SWIR photoconductor, two distributed Bragg mirrors formed of Ge-SiO-Ge, a sacrificial spacer layer within the cavity, which is then removed to leave an air gap, and a silicon nitride membrane for structural support. The tuning spectrum from fabricated MEMS filters on photoconductive detectors shows a wide tuning range, and high percentage transmission is achieved with a tuning voltage of only 7.5 V. The full-width at half-maximum ranged from 95 to 105 nm over a tuning range of 2.2-1.85 mu;m.},
	number = {12},
	journal = {IEEE Electron Device Letters},
	author = {Musca, C.A. and Antoszewski, J. and Winchester, K.J. and Keating, A.J. and Nguyen, T. and Silva, K. and Dell, J.M. and Faraone, L. and Mitra, P. and Beck, J.D. and Skokan, M.R. and Robinson, J.E.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {micromechanical devices, MEMS filters, silicon compounds, 1.6 to 2.5 micron, 1.85 to 2.2 micron, 2D infrared focal plane array technology, 7.5 V, 95 to 105 nm, cadmium compounds, distributed Bragg mirrors, electromagnetic spectrum, Ge-SiO-Ge, germanium, HgCdTe, II-VI semiconductors, infrared detectors, infrared photon detectors, integrated optoelectronics, low-temperature microelectromechanical system, MEMS-based tunable optical filters, mercury compounds, micro-optics, monolithic integration, optical filters, photoconducting devices, photoconductive detectors, photoconductors, short-wavelength infrared region, silicon nitride membrane},
	pages = {888 -- 890}
}

@article{geear_monolithic_2005,
	title = {Monolithic {MEMS} quadrupole mass spectrometers by deep silicon etching},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/JMEMS.2005.851799},
	abstract = {A wafer-scale, batch fabrication process for constructing quadrupole mass spectrometers using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology is described. The device is formed from two bonded silicon-on-insulator (BSOI) substrates, which are attached together to form a monolithic block. Deep etched features and springs formed in the outer silicon layers are used to locate cylindrical metal electrode rods, while similar features formed in the inner silicon layers are used to define integrated ion entrance and exit optics. The precision of the assembly is determined by lithography and deep etching, and by the mechanical definition of the bonded silicon layers. Mass filtering is demonstrated, with a mass range of asymp; 400 a.m.u. and a mass resolution of 1 a.m.u. at 219 a.m.u., using quadrupoles with rods of 500 mu;m diameter and 30 mm length, operating at 6 MHz RF frequency.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Geear, M. and Syms, R.R.A. and Wright, S. and Holmes, A.S.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Microelectromechanical systems, mass spectrometers, silicon, micromechanical devices, Fabrication, sputter etching, lithography, optical filters, etching, bonded silicon-on-insulator substrates, deep silicon etching, Electrodes, electrostatic lenses, mass filtering, mass spectrometry, mass spectroscopy, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), monolithic MEMS quadrupole mass spectrometers, quadrupole lens, Silicon on insulator technology, silicon-on-insulator, Springs, Wafer bonding},
	pages = {1156 -- 1166}
}

@article{geear_monolithic_2005-1,
	title = {Monolithic {MEMS} quadrupole mass spectrometers by deep silicon etching},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/JMEMS.2005.851799},
	abstract = {A wafer-scale, batch fabrication process for constructing quadrupole mass spectrometers using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology is described. The device is formed from two bonded silicon-on-insulator (BSOI) substrates, which are attached together to form a monolithic block. Deep etched features and springs formed in the outer silicon layers are used to locate cylindrical metal electrode rods, while similar features formed in the inner silicon layers are used to define integrated ion entrance and exit optics. The precision of the assembly is determined by lithography and deep etching, and by the mechanical definition of the bonded silicon layers. Mass filtering is demonstrated, with a mass range of asymp; 400 a.m.u. and a mass resolution of 1 a.m.u. at 219 a.m.u., using quadrupoles with rods of 500 mu;m diameter and 30 mm length, operating at 6 MHz RF frequency.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Geear, M. and Syms, R.R.A. and Wright, S. and Holmes, A.S.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {mass spectrometers, silicon, micromechanical devices, sputter etching, lithography, bonded silicon-on-insulator substrates, deep silicon etching, electrostatic lenses, mass filtering, mass spectrometry, mass spectroscopy, monolithic MEMS quadrupole mass spectrometers, quadrupole lens, silicon-on-insulator},
	pages = {1156 -- 1166}
}

@inproceedings{kohlstedt_monolithic_2012,
	title = {Monolithic {SU}-8 based hollow waveguide with integrated electro thermally tunable iris filter for {W}-band applications},
	doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2012.6170286},
	abstract = {This paper reports the design and fabrication of a new generation of micromechanically fabricated hollow waveguides for the W-band (75-110 GHz). It is based on UV high aspect ratio lithography for 1.27 mm SU-8 thick films on PCB substrates. The epoxy based negative resist provides the means to monolithically integrate electro thermal actuators. This enables the realization of tunable waveguide components like the described iris filter design.},
	booktitle = {2012 {IEEE} 25th {International} {Conference} on {Micro} {Electro} {Mechanical} {Systems} ({MEMS})},
	author = {Kohlstedt, A. and Dassinger, F. and Schlaak, F. and Fritzsch, C. and Jakoby, R.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {microfabrication, lithography, epoxy based negative resist, frequency 75 GHz to 110 GHz, integrated electro thermally tunable iris filter, microactuators, micromechanically fabricated hollow waveguide, millimetre wave filters, MIMIC, monolithic SU-8 based hollow waveguide, monolithically integrate electrothermal actuator, PCB substrate, printed circuits, size 1.27 mm, tunable waveguide component, UV high aspect ratio lithography, W-band application, waveguide filters},
	pages = {713 --716}
}

@article{akl_multi-cell_2010,
	title = {Multi-cell {Active} {Acoustic} {Metamaterial} with {Programmable} {Bulk} {Modulus}},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1045-389X, 1530-8138},
	url = {http://jim.sagepub.com/content/21/5/541},
	doi = {10.1177/1045389X09359434},
	abstract = {Considerable interest has been devoted to the development of various classes of acoustic metamaterials that can control the propagation of acoustical wave energy through these materials. However, all the currently exerted efforts are focused on studying passive metamaterials with fixed material properties. In this article, the emphasis is placed on the development of a new class of composite acoustic metamaterials with effective bulk moduli that are programmed to vary according to any prescribed pattern along the volume of the metamaterial. The composite consists of an acoustic cavity, which is coupled with an array of actively controlled Helmholtz resonator to enable the control of the effective bulk modulus distribution along the cavity. The theoretical analysis of this class of multi-cell composite active acoustic metamaterials (CAAMM) is presented and the theoretical predictions are determined when the Helmholtz resonators are provided with piezoelectric boundaries. These smart boundaries are used to control the overall bulk modulus of the cavity/resonator assembly through direct acoustic pressure feedback. The interaction between the neighboring cells of the composite metamaterial is modeled using a lumped-parameter approach. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance characteristics of the proposed CAAMM and its potential for generating prescribed spatial and spectral patterns of bulk modulus variation.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-06-10},
	journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
	author = {Akl, Wael and Baz, Amr},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {active acoustic metamaterials, effective bulk modulus, Helmholtz resonators with piezoelectric boundaries., multi-cell composite metamaterials},
	pages = {541--556}
}

@article{muller_multidimensional_1986,
	title = {Multidimensional sensor for gas analysis},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {0250-6874},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0250687486800051},
	doi = {10.1016/0250-6874(86)80005-1},
	abstract = {This paper describes a gas sensor system that delivers a set of signals for each gas applied. This signal spectrum can be evaluated by means of pattern recognition in order to identify the gas and measure its concentration. This sensor principles is demonstrated by means of a set of four MOS gas sensors with layers of different types of zeolite filters. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this concept. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-02-22},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators},
	author = {Muller, R. and Lange, E.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1986},
	pages = {39--48}
}

@article{li_nanoelectromechanical_2010,
	title = {Nanoelectromechanical {Resonator} {Arrays} for {Ultrafast}, {Gas}-{Phase} {Chromatographic} {Chemical} {Analysis}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1530-6984},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl101586s},
	doi = {10.1021/nl101586s},
	abstract = {Miniaturized gas chromatography (GC) systems can provide fast, quantitative analysis of chemical vapors in an ultrasmall package. We describe a chemical sensor technology based on resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) mass detectors that provides the speed, sensitivity, specificity, and size required by the microscale GC paradigm. Such NEMS sensors have demonstrated detection of subparts per billion (ppb) concentrations of a phosphonate analyte. By combining two channels of NEMS detection with an ultrafast GC front-end, chromatographic analysis of 13 chemicals was performed within a 5 s time window. Miniaturized gas chromatography (GC) systems can provide fast, quantitative analysis of chemical vapors in an ultrasmall package. We describe a chemical sensor technology based on resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) mass detectors that provides the speed, sensitivity, specificity, and size required by the microscale GC paradigm. Such NEMS sensors have demonstrated detection of subparts per billion (ppb) concentrations of a phosphonate analyte. By combining two channels of NEMS detection with an ultrafast GC front-end, chromatographic analysis of 13 chemicals was performed within a 5 s time window.},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Nano Lett.},
	author = {Li, Mo and Myers, E. B. and Tang, H. X. and Aldridge, S. J. and McCaig, H. C. and Whiting, J. J. and Simonson, R. J. and Lewis, N. S. and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {3899--3903}
}

@article{ekinci_nanoelectromechanical_2005,
	title = {Nanoelectromechanical {Systems}},
	volume = {76},
	shorttitle = {Nanoelectromechanical {Systems}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Ekinci_RSI_2005-0712322049/Ekinci_RSI_2005.pdf},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Ekinci, K. L. and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {061101}
}

@article{huang_nanoelectromechanical_2003,
	title = {Nanoelectromechanical systems: {Nanodevice} motion at microwave frequencies},
	volume = {421},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2003 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	shorttitle = {Nanoelectromechanical systems},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6922/abs/421496a.html},
	doi = {10.1038/421496a},
	abstract = {It has been almost forgotten that the first computers envisaged by Charles Babbage in the early 1800s were mechanical and not electronic, but the development of high-frequency nanoelectromechanical systems is now promising a range of new applications, including sensitive mechanical charge detectors and mechanical devices for high-frequency signal processing, biological imaging and quantum measurement. Here we describe the construction of nanodevices that will operate with fundamental frequencies in the previously inaccessible microwave range (greater than 1 gigahertz). This achievement represents a significant advance in the quest for extremely high-frequency nanoelectromechanical systems.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6922},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Huang, X. M. H. and Zorman, C. A. and Mehregany, M. and Roukes, M. L.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, Physics, pharmacology, evolutionary biology, ecology, astronomy, astrophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, biotechnology, cancer, cell cycle, cell signalling, climate change, computational biology, development, developmental biology, DNA, drug discovery, earth science, environmental science, evolution, functional genomics, genetics, genomics, geophysics, immunology, interdisciplinary science, life, marine biology, materials science, medical research, medicine, metabolomics, molecular biology, molecular interactions, nature, neurobiology, neuroscience, palaeobiology, proteomics, quantum physics, RNA, science, science news, science policy, signal transduction, structural biology, systems biology, transcriptomics},
	pages = {496--496}
}

@article{gil-santos_nanomechanical_2010,
	title = {Nanomechanical mass sensing and stiffness spectrometry based on two-dimensional vibrations of resonant nanowires},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1748-3387},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.151},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2010.151},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Nat Nano},
	author = {Gil-Santos, E. and Ramos, D. and Martinez, J. and Fernandez-Regulez, M. and Garcia, R. and San Paulo, A. and Calleja, M. and Tamayo, J.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {641--645},
	annote = {10.1038/nnano.2010.151}
}

@article{sekaric_nanomechanical_2002,
	title = {Nanomechanical resonant structures in nanocrystalline diamond},
	volume = {81},
	shorttitle = {Nanomechanical resonant structures in nanocrystalline diamond},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Sekaric, L. and Parpia, J.M. and Craighead, H.G. and Fegelson, T. and Houston, B.H. and Butler, J.E.},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {23}
}

@article{eom_nanomechanical_2011,
	title = {Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: {Nanomechanics} principles},
	volume = {503},
	issn = {0370-1573},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157311000639},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2011.03.002},
	abstract = {Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) such as nanomechanical resonators, which have recently received significant attention from the scientific community. This is not only due to their capability of label-free detection of bio/chemical molecules at single-molecule (or atomic) resolution for future applications such as the early diagnosis of diseases like cancer, but also due to their unprecedented ability to detect physical quantities such as molecular weight, elastic stiffness, surface stress, and surface elastic stiffness for adsorbed molecules on the surface. Most experimental works on resonator-based molecular detection have been based on the principle that molecular adsorption onto a resonator surface increases the effective mass, and consequently decreases the resonant frequencies of the nanomechanical resonator. However, this principle is insufficient to provide fundamental insights into resonator-based molecular detection at the nanoscale; this is due to recently proposed novel nanoscale detection principles including various effects such as surface effects, nonlinear oscillations, coupled resonance, and stiffness effects. Furthermore, these effects have only recently been incorporated into existing physical models for resonators, and therefore the universal physical principles governing nanoresonator-based detection have not been completely described. Therefore, our objective in this review is to overview the current attempts to understand the underlying mechanisms in nanoresonator-based detection using physical models coupled to computational simulations and/or experiments. Specifically, we will focus on issues of special relevance to the dynamic behavior of nanoresonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: the resonance behavior of micro/nanoresonators; resonator-based chemical/biological detection; physical models of various nanoresonators such as nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. We pay particular attention to experimental and computational approaches that have been useful in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the dynamic behavior of resonators across multiple and disparate spatial/length scales, and the resulting insight into resonator-based detection that has been obtained. We additionally provide extensive discussion regarding potentially fruitful future research directions coupling experiments and simulations in order to develop a fundamental understanding of the basic physical principles that govern NEMS and NEMS-based sensing and detection applications.},
	number = {4-5},
	journal = {Physics Reports},
	author = {Eom, K. and Park, H. S. and Yoon, D. S. and Kwon, T.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {115--163}
}

@article{knobel_nanometre-scale_2003,
	title = {Nanometre-scale displacement sensing using a single electron transistor},
	volume = {424},
	issn = {00280836},
	url = {http://pubget.com/paper/12867975/Nanometre_scale_displacement_sensing_using_a_single_electron_transistor},
	doi = {10.1038/nature01773},
	number = {6946},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Knobel, R. G. and Cleland, A. N.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
	pages = {291--293}
}

@phdthesis{spletzer_new_2008-1,
	address = {West Lafayette, IN},
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {New {Paradigms} in {Microcantilever}-{Based} {Sensing}},
	shorttitle = {New {Paradigms} in {Microcantilever}-{Based} {Sensing}},
	school = {Purdue University},
	author = {Spletzer, Matthew},
	year = {2008}
}

@article{quinn_news_1992,
	title = {News from the {BIPM}},
	volume = {29},
	shorttitle = {News from the {BIPM}},
	journal = {Metrologia},
	author = {Quinn, T. J.},
	year = {1992}
}

@book{us_department_of_commerce_nist_nodate,
	title = {{NIST} {Manuscript} {Publication} {Search}},
	url = {http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=50602},
	language = {EN-US},
	urldate = {2012-09-30},
	author = {US Department of Commerce, NIST},
	keywords = {frequency, cesium, primary standard, second, time interval}
}

@article{cleland_noise_2002,
	title = {Noise processes in nanomechanical resonators},
	volume = {92},
	issn = {0021-8979},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1499745},
	abstract = {Nanomechanical resonators can be fabricated to achieve high natural resonance frequencies, approaching 1 GHz, with quality factors in excess of {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater10$^{\textrm{4}}$\$.{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater These resonators are candidates for use as highly selective rf filters and as precision on-chip clocks. Some fundamental and some nonfundamental noise processes will present limits to the performance of such resonators. These include thermomechanical noise, Nyquist \#x2013;Johnson noise, and adsorption \#x2013;desorption noise; other important noise sources include those due to thermal fluctuations and defect motion-induced noise. In this article, we develop a self-contained formalism for treating these noise sources, and use it to estimate the impact that these noise processes will have on the noise of a model nanoscale resonator, consisting of a doubly clamped beam of single-crystal Si with a natural resonance frequency of 1 GHz. \#xa9; 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Cleland, A. N. and Roukes, M. L.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, adsorption, silicon, micromechanical resonators, elemental semiconductors, desorption, semiconductor device noise, thermal noise},
	pages = {2758 --2769}
}

@article{ryan_noise_2012,
	title = {Noise sensitivity of a mass detection method using vibration modes of coupled microcantilever arrays},
	volume = {101},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ryan, T. J. and Judge, J. A. and Glean, A. A. J. and Vignola, J. F.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {043104--1--4}
}

@book{anderson_noise:_1993,
	title = {Noise: its measurement, analysis, rating and control},
	isbn = {978-0-291-39794-2},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=lhlSAAAAMAAJ},
	publisher = {Avebury Technical},
	author = {Anderson, J.S.},
	year = {1993},
	lccn = {96133818}
}

@phdthesis{kozinsky_nonlinear_2007,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Nonlinear nanoelectromechanical systems},
	url = {http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03022007-142824},
	abstract = {Nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS), used as sensors for small masses and forces, have traditionally been operated in the linear regime. While convenient for engineering applications, the linear regime is getting harder to maintain as the devices grow smaller. The first part of this thesis develops a theoretical framework for analysis of nonlinear nanomechanical devices and establishes that nonlinear effects become more significant in smaller resonators. As a result, nonlinear nanomechanical resonators offer a convenient playground for studies of nonlinear dynamics as well as open up new possibilities for enhancing performance of NEMS devices. To illustrate both of these trends, the thesis presents experimental investigations of nonlinear dynamics using nanoresonators and demonstrates several effects in nonlinear NEMS in an effort to build the foundation necessary for engineering highly sensitive, versatile, and controllable NEMS devices. As an example of exploring nonlinear dynamics with NEMS, we present the experimental mapping of basins of attraction of a nonlinear platinum nanowire resonator. We also measure the rate of the observed noise-induced transitions between two stable states in the nonlinear regime as the artificial noise is added to the system. An additional set of experiments demonstrates increased versatility of NEMS devices made possible by their intrinsic nonlinearity. Devices with tunable frequency, nonlinearity, and dynamic range are explored experimentally and theoretically. We show how to induce the coupling of orthogonal modes in nanomechanical resonators. We also detect multiple higher-order modes in doubly-clamped beams and observe increased dynamic range of operation in these modes. Several ideas for further experiments with nonlinear nanomechanical resonators are proposed.},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	author = {Kozinsky, Inna},
	year = {2007}
}

@article{mamin_nuclear_2007,
	title = {Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with 90-nm resolution},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1748-3395},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18654288},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2007.105},
	abstract = {Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging technique that typically operates on the scale of millimetres to micrometres. Conventional MRI is based on the manipulation of nuclear spins with radio-frequency fields, and the subsequent detection of spins with induction-based techniques. An alternative approach, magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM), uses force detection to overcome the sensitivity limitations of conventional MRI. Here, we show that the two-dimensional imaging of nuclear spins can be extended to a spatial resolution better than 100 nm using MRFM. The imaging of 19F nuclei in a patterned CaF(2) test object was enabled by a detection sensitivity of roughly 1,200 nuclear spins at a temperature of 600 mK. To achieve this sensitivity, we developed high-moment magnetic tips that produced field gradients up to 1.4 x 10(6) T m(-1), and implemented a measurement protocol based on force-gradient detection of naturally occurring spin fluctuations. The resulting detection volume was less than 650 zeptolitres. This is 60,000 times smaller than the previous smallest volume for nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy, and demonstrates the feasibility of pushing MRI into the nanoscale regime.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
	author = {Mamin, H. J. and Poggio, M. and Degen, C. L. and Rugar, D.},
	month = may,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, Transducers, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Atomic Force, Microscopy},
	pages = {301--306}
}

@book{bonnans_numerical_2007-1,
	title = {Numerical {Optimization}},
	isbn = {978-3-540-35447-5},
	abstract = {Just as in its 1st edition, this book starts with illustrations of the ubiquitous character of optimization, and describes numerical algorithms in a tutorial way. It covers fundamental algorithms as well as more specialized and advanced topics for unconstrained and constrained problems. Most of the algorithms are explained in a detailed manner, allowing straightforward implementation. Theoretical aspects of the approaches chosen are also addressed with care, often using minimal assumptions. This new edition contains computational exercises in the form of case studies which help understanding optimization methods beyond their theoretical, description, when coming to actual implementation. Besides, the nonsmooth optimization part has been substantially reorganized and expanded.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Bonnans, J. Joseph Frederic and Gilbert, Jean Charles and LemarÃÂ©chal, Claude},
	month = feb,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Mathematics / Optimization}
}

@article{sato_observation_2003,
	title = {Observation of {Locked} {Intrinsic} {Localized} {Vibrational} {Modes} in a {Micromechanical} {Oscillator} {Array}},
	volume = {90},
	shorttitle = {Observation of {Locked} {Intrinsic} {Localized} {Vibrational} {Modes} in a {Micromechanical} {Oscillator} {Array}},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Sato, M. and Hubbard, B. E. and English, L. Q. and Sievers, A. J. and Ilic, B. and Czaplewski, D. A. and Craighead, H. G.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {044102}
}

@article{watts_method_1883-1,
	title = {On a method of reducing the rolling of ships at sea},
	volume = {24},
	shorttitle = {On a method of reducing the rolling of ships at sea},
	journal = {Trans. In Naval Architects},
	author = {Watts, P.},
	year = {1883},
	pages = {65--90}
}

@inproceedings{choubey_readouts_2008,
	title = {On readouts of multiple micro/nano resonator sensors with mismatch},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-2580-8},
	doi = {10.1109/ICSENS.2008.4716481},
	abstract = {Resonators are used to detect small mass changes, which in turn can be used to detect vapours, chemicals, viruses etc. The sensitivity of these detectors can be enhanced by decreasing their mass using micro/nano technologies. However, this leads to a reduction in their effective surface area. To increase the available surface area, several detectors can be manufactured on the same substrate. Parallel excitation and summing of the outputs of the different detectors is the least bandwidth exhaustive readout mechanism for this type of system. However, mismatch between the detectors, which arises due to manufacturing variations, introduces errors in the detection system. In this paper, we study the effect of mismatch on the performance of micro/nano mass sensors with parallel readout. It is shown that resonators with high quality factors, which are otherwise desirable, are also highly susceptible to mismatch. Coupling between the detectors is suggested as a technique to remove the effects of mismatch without increasing the output bandwidth.},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {2008 {IEEE} {Sensors}},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	author = {Choubey, B. and Ward, M. and Collins, S.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {microsensors, Resonant frequency, Differential equations, Chemical sensors, Bandwidth, Damping, Q factor, micromechanical resonators, Circuits, Detectors, exhaustive readout mechanism, Manufacturing, manufacturing variations, Mechanical sensors, mismatch effects, multiple micro-nanoresonator sensors, parallel excitation},
	pages = {478--481}
}

@article{tang_sound_2010,
	title = {On sound transmission loss across a {Helmholtz} resonator in a low {Mach} number flow duct},
	volume = {127},
	issn = {00014966},
	url = {http://proxycu.wrlc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=51313211&site=ehost-live},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3409481},
	abstract = {A simplified physical model, which described the generation of sound by a Helmholtz resonator upon flow excitation at its neck, was developed in the present investigation to study the drop in sound power transmission loss across such a resonator mounted on the wall of a duct conveying a low Mach number mean flow. Experiments were derived to validate the model. Mitigation methods derived according to the model were also tested experimentally. Results showed that the simplified model gave predictions which agreed with experimental observations. The proposed mitigation methods were also proved to be effective for building services application. It was also found that the sound intensity generated by the flow excited resonator scaled with approximately the ninth power of the flow velocity inside the duct.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2013-06-29},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Tang, S. K.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	lccn = {51313211},
	keywords = {HELMHOLTZ equation, ARCHITECTURAL acoustics, ELLIPTIC differential equations, MACH number, POWER transmission},
	pages = {3519--3525}
}

@article{klaus_adjustment_2014,
	title = {On the adjustment of {Helmholtz} resonators},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {0003-682X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003682X13002053},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apacoust.2013.08.011},
	abstract = {A Helmholtz resonator is placed in a room with distinct acoustic modes, and is tuned to one of the corresponding resonant frequencies. The optimal resonator damping ratio is investigated, as a goal-dependent value. For example, minimizing reverberation time requires a different damping ratio from minimizing the sound pressure level. The optimum damping values for a Helmholtz resonator are analytically computed, and then verified by means of experimentation. Furthermore, a construction is introduced which allows for a fine adjustable setting for the eigenfrequency and the damping ratio of the resonator.},
	urldate = {2014-03-07},
	journal = {Applied Acoustics},
	author = {Klaus, J. and Bork, I. and Graf, M. and Ostermeyer, G. -P.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {tuning, Damping, Helmholtz resonator, Absorber},
	pages = {37--41}
}

@article{tellier_design_2006,
	title = {On the design of {GaAs} (hhl) resonant cantilevers: {Study} of piezoelectric excitation, of piezoresistive sensing and of micromachined structure},
	volume = {132},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	shorttitle = {On the design of {GaAs} (hhl) resonant cantilevers},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424706001014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2006.02.001},
	abstract = {This paper reports on GaAs micro-resonators with torsional vibration modes. An analytical model is used to design better GaAs resonant \{hhl\} cantilevers. In particular geometry of (4 4 1) and (1 1 4) resonators are optimized for specific alignments of the cantilever. The temperature response of the resonance frequency is also given. A piezoresistive four-terminal element is used to sense changes in frequency induced by a mechanical input. Sensitivity and non-linearity of the transverse output voltage are studied for the two selected orientations showing that the (4 4 1) orientation is preferable. The cantilever is fabricated by micromachining. Hence, the simulator TENSOSIM is used to predict etching shapes at the opening of the mechanical structure and after subsequent etchings. Here, again results call for the choice of a (4 4 1) beam. Finally, performances of the final (4 4 1) micro-resonator and of the piezoresistive sensor are evaluated with a special emphasis on errors caused by misalignments or by some uncertainty about the angle of cut. This study shows that GaAs resonators with piezoelectric excitation and piezoresistive detection open up new sensors applications.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Tellier, C.R. and Leblois, T.G.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Gallium arsenide, Micro-resonator, micromachining, Piezoresistive sensing},
	pages = {224--235}
}

@article{bellucci_use_2004,
	title = {On the {Use} of {Helmholtz} {Resonators} for {Damping} {Acoustic} {Pulsations} in {Industrial} {Gas} {Turbines}},
	volume = {126},
	issn = {0742-4795},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1473152},
	doi = {10.1115/1.1473152},
	abstract = {In this work, the application of Helmholtz resonators for damping low-frequency pulsations in gas turbine combustion chambers is discussed. We present a nonlinear model for predicting the acoustic response of resonators including the effect of purging air. Atmospheric experiments are used to validate the model, which is employed to design a resonator arrangement for damping low-frequency pulsations in an ALSTOM GT11N2 gas turbine. The predicted damper impedances are used as the boundary condition in the three-dimensional analysis of the combustion chamber. The suggested arrangement leads to a significant extension of the low-pulsation operating regime of the engine.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power},
	author = {Bellucci, V. and Paschereit, C. O. and Magni, F. and Flohr, P.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {271--275}
}

@article{sekaric_operation_2002,
	title = {Operation of nanomechanical resonant structures in air},
	volume = {81},
	shorttitle = {Operation of nanomechanical resonant structures in air},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Sekaric, L. and Zalalutdinov, M. and Bhiladvala, R. B. and Zehnder, A. T. and Parpia, J. M. and Craighead, H. G.},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {2641--2643}
}

@article{ilic_optical_2005,
	title = {Optical excitation of nanoelectromechanical oscillators},
	volume = {86},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApPhL..86s3114I},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1919395},
	number = {19},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ilic, B. and Krylov, S. and Aubin, K. and Reichenbach, R. and Craighead, H. G.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {193114}
}

@article{ilic_optically_2007,
	title = {Optically {Actuated} {Nanoelectromechanical} {Oscillators}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1077-260X},
	doi = {10.1109/JSTQE.2007.894190},
	abstract = {Excitation of biologically functional micro- and nanomechanical structures using optical fields is a recently emerging arena of research that couples the fields of optics, fluidics, electronics, and mechanics with potential of generating novel chemical and biological sensors. We present experimental and theoretical elucidation of optical excitation of resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The modulated optical fields were coupled directly into the NEMS device layer causing amplified mechanical vibrations. Dynamic detection of vibrational characteristics of nanomechanical resonators, fabricated from low-stress silicon nitride and mono crystalline silicon thin film layers, was accomplished using optical interferometry. We have analyzed the actuation mechanism using finite element modeling, and we found that the dominant actuation mechanism in close proximity of the clamped end was primarily thermal. In contrast, mechanical traveling waves are attributed as possible excitation mechanisms in the far-field regime},
	number = {2},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics},
	author = {Ilic, B. and Krylov, S. and Kondratovich, M. and Craighead, H.G.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, finite element analysis, light interferometry, optical modulation, micromechanical resonators, amplified mechanical vibrations, micro-optomechanical devices, modulated optical fields, nanoelectromechanical oscillators, optical actuation, optical interferometry, silicon nitride, silicon thin film layers, finite element modeling},
	pages = {392 --399}
}

@article{vignola_optimal_2013-1,
	title = {Optimal apparent damping as a function of the bandwidth of an array of vibration absorbers},
	volume = {134},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/134/2/10.1121/1.4812777},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4812777},
	abstract = {The transient response of a resonant structure can be altered by the attachment of one or more substantially smaller resonators. Considered here is a coupled array of damped harmonic oscillators whose resonant frequencies are distributed across a frequency band that encompasses the natural frequency of the primary structure. Vibration energy introduced to the primary structure, which has little to no intrinsic damping, is transferred into and trapped by the attached array. It is shown that, when the properties of the array are optimized to reduce the settling time of the primary structure\&apos;s transient response, the apparent damping is approximately proportional to the bandwidth of the array (the span of resonant frequencies of the attached oscillators). Numerical simulations were conducted using an unconstrained nonlinear minimization algorithm to find system parameters that result in the fastest settling time. This minimization was conducted for a range of system characteristics including the overall bandwidth of the array, the ratio of the total array mass to that of the primary structure, and the distributions of mass, stiffness, and damping among the array elements. This paper reports optimal values of these parameters and demonstrates that the resulting minimum settling time decreases with increasing bandwidth.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-01-25},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Vignola, Joseph and Glean, Aldo and Judge, John and Ryan, Teresa},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {oscillators, Coupled oscillators, Energy transfer, Ocean waves, Patents, Spectral properties, Statistical properties, Vibration resonance, Vibrational energy transfer, Acoustic resonators},
	pages = {1067--1070}
}

@article{bandivadekar_optimization_2012-1,
	title = {Optimization of multiple tuned mass dampers for vibration control of system under external excitation},
	issn = {1077-5463, 1741-2986},
	url = {http://jvc.sagepub.com.proxycu.wrlc.org/content/early/2012/07/05/1077546312449849},
	doi = {10.1177/1077546312449849},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2013-03-15},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Control},
	author = {Bandivadekar, T. P. and Jangid, R. S.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012}
}

@article{li_optimization_2007-1,
	title = {Optimization of non-uniformly distributed multiple tuned mass damper},
	volume = {308},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X07005561},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.014},
	abstract = {A gradient-based method for optimizing non-uniformly distributed multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) is presented in this paper. By solving an optimization problem with multiple objectives, optimized non-uniformly distributed MTMDs are obtained. Then the dynamic characteristics, effectiveness, robustness and redundancy of MTMDs are investigated in detail. Without restrictive assumptions such as uniformly distributed frequency, identical damping ratio, the optimized non-uniformly MTMDs obtained here can be considered as the Ã¢ÂÂtrueÃ¢ÂÂ optimal ones. Unlike the references [L. Zuo, S.A. Nayfeh, Optimization of the individual stiffness and damping parameters in multiple-tuned-massÃ¢ÂÂdamper system, Journal of Vibration and AcousticsÃ¢ÂÂTransactions of the ASME 127(1) (2005) 77Ã¢ÂÂ83; N. Hoang, P. Warnitchai, Design of multiple tuned mass damper by using a numerical optimizer, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 34(2) (2005) 125Ã¢ÂÂ144], the maximum displacement or frequency response of the main structure is chosen as the objective function in the present paper, because the maximum displacement is more concerned than the root-mean-square response sometimes. Using the presented method, the errors of estimate of the parameters of the structure and the MTMD can be taken into account quantitatively in the design procedure of the MTMD. It is demonstrated that the MTMDs designed in this paper are more effective than the traditional optimal uniformly distributed MTMDs whose frequency spacing, stiffness or mass and damping are under some restrictions for simplicity. And the MTMDs designed by accounting for possible errors of estimate are more robust than those without consideration of errors.},
	number = {1Ã¢ÂÂ2},
	urldate = {2013-03-05},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Li, Hong-Nan and Ni, Xiang-Lei},
	month = nov,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {80--97}
}

@article{zuo_optimization_2005-1,
	title = {Optimization of the {Individual} {Stiffness} and {Damping} {Parameters} in {Multiple}-{Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Systems}},
	volume = {127},
	shorttitle = {Optimization of the {Individual} {Stiffness} and {Damping} {Parameters} in {Multiple}-{Tuned}-{Mass}-{Damper} {Systems}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Zuo_J_vib&acous_2005-0782142721/Zuo_J_vib&acous_2005.pdf},
	journal = {ASME J. Vibr. Acoust.},
	author = {Zuo, L. and Nayfeh, S. A.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {77--83}
}

@article{jangid_optimum_1999,
	title = {Optimum {Multiple} {Tuned} {Mass} {Dampers} for base-excited undamped system},
	volume = {28},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 1999 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199909)28:9<1041::AID-EQE853>3.0.CO;2-E/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199909)28:9<1041::AID-EQE853>3.0.CO;2-E},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {Jangid, R. S.},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {MTMD, optimum parameters, Bandwidth, base-excitation, harmonic},
	pages = {1041--1049}
}

@article{li_optimum_2002,
	title = {Optimum multiple tuned mass dampers for structures under the ground acceleration based on {DDMF} and {ADMF}},
	volume = {31},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 2002 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eqe.128/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/eqe.128},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {Li, Chunxiang},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {ground acceleration, MTMD, optimum parameters, Min.Max.ADMF, Min.Max.DDMF},
	pages = {897--919}
}

@article{li_optimum_2003,
	title = {Optimum multiple tuned mass dampers for structures under the ground acceleration based on the uniform distribution of system parameters},
	volume = {32},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 2003 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eqe.239/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/eqe.239},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {Li, Chunxiang and Liu, Yanxia},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {vibration control, ground acceleration, optimum parameters, Min.Min.Max.DMF, multiple tuned mass dampers, near-zero optimum average damping ratio, uniform distribution of system parameters},
	pages = {671--690}
}

@article{joshi_optimum_1997,
	title = {Optimum {Parameters} of {Multiple} {Tuned} {Mass} {Dampers} for {Base}-{Excited} {Damped} {Systems}},
	volume = {202},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X96908597},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1996.0859},
	abstract = {The optimum parameters of multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) for suppressing the dynamic response of a base-excited structure in a specific mode is investigated. The base excitation is modelled as a stationary white noise random process. The stationary response of the structure with MTMD is analyzed for the optimum parameters of the MTMD system. The criterion selected for optimality is the minimization of the root mean square (r.m.s.) displacement of the main structure. The parameters of MTMD that are optimized include the damping ratio, the tuning frequency ratio and the frequency bandwidth of the MTMD system. The optimum parameters of the MTMD system and corresponding effectiveness are obtained for different damping ratios of the main structure and mass ratios of the MTMD system. In addition, the effectiveness of an optimally designed MTMD system is compared with that of an optimum single tuned mass damper. It is shown that the optimally designed MTMD system is more effective for vibration control than the single tuned mass damper.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Joshi, A.S. and Jangid, R.S.},
	month = may,
	year = {1997},
	pages = {657--667}
}

@article{thompson_optimum_1981-1,
	title = {Optimum tuning and damping of a dynamic vibration absorber applied to a force excited and damped primary system},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X81801769},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-460X(81)80176-9},
	abstract = {The frequency locus method is summarized and then applied to the optimization of the spring and damper rates for a dynamic vibration absorber. The primary system to which the vibration absorber is attached consists of a force-excited sprung mass with associated viscous damping. The construction of the frequency loci for the overall system leads to the determination of graphical criteria for the optimization, and thence to the discovery of a tuning function which enables the optimal natural frequency for the absorber to be determined. The tuning function can be minimized by numerical methods and the solutions, which depend only on the mass ratio (ÃÂ¼) and primary relative damping rate (ÃÂ¶1) are presented in the form of a computed family of curves. The optimum relative damping rate (ÃÂ¶20) for the vibration absorber may be found directly once the optimum tuning frequency has been obtained.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-03-10},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Thompson, A.G.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1981},
	pages = {403--415}
}

@article{ramos_origin_2006,
	title = {Origin of the response of nanomechanical resonators to bacteria adsorption},
	volume = {100},
	issn = {00218979},
	url = {http://jap.aip.org/resource/1/japiau/v100/i10/p106105_s1},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2370507},
	abstract = {Resonant microcantilevers are being actively investigated as sensitive mass sensors for biological detection. By performing experiments of adsorption of the bacteria Escherichia coli on singly clamped microcantilevers, we demonstrate that the effect of the added mass is not the only and may not be the main origin of the response of these sensors. The experiments show that the magnitude and sign of resonance frequency shift both depend critically on the distribution of the adsorbed bacterial cells on the cantilever. We relate this behavior to the added mass that shifts the resonance to lower frequencies and the higher effective flexural rigidity of the cantilever due to the bacteria stiffness that shifts the resonance to higher frequencies. Both effects can be uncoupled by positioning the cells where each effect dominates, near the free cantilever end for measuring the added mass or near the clamping for measuring the increase of flexural rigidity.},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Ramos, D. and Tamayo, J. and Mertens, J. and Calleja, M. and Zaballos, A.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {106105--106105--3}
}

@inproceedings{clark_parallel-resonator_1997,
	address = {Chicage},
	title = {Parallel-{Resonator} {HF} {Micromechanical} {Bandpass} {Filters}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/clark_sens_1997-0292636162/clark_sens_1997.pdf},
	booktitle = {Digest of {Technical} {Papers}, 1997 {International} {Conference} on {Solid}-{State} {Sensors} and {Actuators}},
	author = {Clark, J. R. and Wong, A.-C. and Nguyen, C. T.-C.},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {1161--1164}
}

@inproceedings{richardson_parameter_1982,
	title = {Parameter estimation from frequency response measurements using rational fraction polynomials},
	volume = {1},
	url = {http://systemplus.co.jp/support/data/techpaper/mescope/tech/07.pdf},
	urldate = {2012-10-19},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st {International} {Modal} {Analysis} {Conference}},
	author = {Richardson, M. H. and Formenti, D. L.},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {167--186}
}

@article{jolly_passive_1994,
	title = {Passive tuned vibration absorbers for sound radiation attenuation from panels},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.174095},
	doi = {10.1117/12.174095},
	abstract = {Passive tuned vibration absorbers (TVA) are widely used in reducing vibrations in machinery, buildings and many other vibrating structures. Recently, TVAs have been installed on structures for the purpose of reducing the sound radiation from the structure. As in the case of vibration control, the tuning and placement of TVAs for noise control is often based on the forced response of the structure, as opposed to the behavior of structural-acoustic interaction. This conventional approach for TVA placement on structures is not always effective for controlling sound radiation from the structure. This task requires proper control of the structural waves that couple well with the acoustic environment. This paper presents a preliminary study of acoustic radiation and radiation efficiency of panels instrumented with passive TVAs.},
	urldate = {2013-03-02},
	author = {Jolly, Mark R. and Sun, Jian Q.},
	month = may,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {194--201}
}

@article{didomenico_passive_1994-1,
	title = {Passive vibration tuning with neural networks},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.174093},
	doi = {10.1117/12.174093},
	abstract = {Neural network control of flexible structures demonstrates better settling time and energy dissipation than linear design methods. Optimal tuning of passive vibration absorbers for reduced order control is examined using linear and non-linear cases. Quasi-Newton (BFGS) and simplex optimization methods improved the Den Hartog parameters where unsupervised LMS or backpropagation techniques were unstable. Lessons on unsupervised training for dynamic system control are illustrated by examining convergence to the solution in `error space' (parameters vs. cost). Spring stiffness and passive damping of a reaction mass actuator (RMA) are `tuned' for best disturbance rejection using total energy as a cost function. A single neuron using two weights (one for damping and the other for the spring coefficient) improved beam energy over the Den Hartog parameters for the linear bi-modal case. The non-linear case demonstrates even better performance. A multiple layer network is then demonstrated for both the linear and non-linear cases. Optimization techniques improved linear system parameters when initiated at the linear solutions. Lab data for the linear single neuron case validates model fidelity.},
	urldate = {2013-03-02},
	author = {DiDomenico, Eric D.},
	month = may,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {152--162}
}

@article{didomenico_passive_1994-2,
	title = {Passive vibration tuning with neural networks},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.174093},
	doi = {10.1117/12.174093},
	abstract = {Neural network control of flexible structures demonstrates better settling time and energy dissipation than linear design methods. Optimal tuning of passive vibration absorbers for reduced order control is examined using linear and non-linear cases. Quasi-Newton (BFGS) and simplex optimization methods improved the Den Hartog parameters where unsupervised LMS or backpropagation techniques were unstable. Lessons on unsupervised training for dynamic system control are illustrated by examining convergence to the solution in `error space' (parameters vs. cost). Spring stiffness and passive damping of a reaction mass actuator (RMA) are `tuned' for best disturbance rejection using total energy as a cost function. A single neuron using two weights (one for damping and the other for the spring coefficient) improved beam energy over the Den Hartog parameters for the linear bi-modal case. The non-linear case demonstrates even better performance. A multiple layer network is then demonstrated for both the linear and non-linear cases. Optimization techniques improved linear system parameters when initiated at the linear solutions. Lab data for the linear single neuron case validates model fidelity.},
	urldate = {2013-03-02},
	author = {DiDomenico, Eric D.},
	month = may,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {152--162}
}

@article{sun_passive_1995-1,
	title = {Passive, {Adaptive} and {Active} {Tuned} {Vibration} {Absorbers}Ã¢ÂÂ{A} {Survey}},
	volume = {117},
	shorttitle = {Passive, {Adaptive} and {Active} {Tuned} {Vibration} {Absorbers}Ã¢ÂÂ{A} {Survey}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/sun_ASME_1995-3416752896/sun_ASME_1995.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of vibration and acoustics},
	author = {Sun, J. Q. and Jolly, M. R. and Norris, M. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {234--242}
}

@article{campbell_pemc_2006,
	title = {{PEMC} sensor's mass change sensitivity is 20 pg/{Hz} under liquid immersion},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0956-5663},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387487},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2005.11.020},
	abstract = {To enhance the mass change sensitivity of the resonating piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors, we reduced its length and eliminated one layer of its composite structure. As a result the mass sensitivity of the second flexural mode increased by two orders of magnitude (from 10(-9) to 10(-11)g/Hz) and the resonant frequency increased by more than 5 kHz. We demonstrate the effects of modification by detecting a model pathogen Group A Streptococcus (GAS) at 700 cells/mL. The resonant frequency change of the second mode at concentrations of 700, 7 x 10(3), 7 x 10(5), 7 x 10(6), 7 x 10(7), and 7 x 10(9)cells/mL resulted in, respectively, 3.1+/-0.5, 11.6+/-1, 15.7+/-1, 25.7+/-0.15, 28.5+/-2, and 40.5+/-3 ng (n=3 for all) of pathogen attachment. A kinetic model for the binding is proposed and verified. The observed binding rate constant was found to be in the range of 0.051-0.166 min(-1). The significance of the results we report is that the modified PEMC sensors have high mass sensitivity that pathogens can be detected at very low concentration under liquid immersion conditions.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
	author = {Campbell, G. A. and Mutharasan, R.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Air, Biosensing Techniques, Lead, Streptococcus pyogenes, Titanium, Zirconium},
	pages = {35--41}
}

@article{devoe_piezoelectric_2001,
	title = {Piezoelectric thin film micromechanical beam resonators},
	volume = {88},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424700005185},
	doi = {10.1016/S0924-4247(00)00518-5},
	abstract = {Piezoelectric micromechanical beam resonators are investigated for application to electromechanical filters. The derivation of a dynamic admittance model describing the electromechanical behavior of the resonators is presented. Predictions from this model indicate that piezoelectric beam resonators offer significant potential for high-frequency applications. Using a simple three-mask fabrication process based on zinc oxide active films, doubly-clamped piezoelectric beam resonators with center frequencies ranging from 158 kHz to 1.18 MHz are reported. Resonators with both ZnO and SiO2 substrates have been realized, and triple-beam configurations investigated for reducing mechanical anchor losses. Measured quality factors range from Q=3700 at 158 kHz to Q=930 at 1.18 MHz.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {DeVoe, D. L.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Filters, Micromachined, RF, Resonators},
	pages = {263--272}
}

@article{roukes_plenty_2001,
	title = {Plenty of room, indeed},
	volume = {285},
	issn = {0036-8733},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11524969},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	author = {Roukes, M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Physics, Electric Conductivity, Miniaturization},
	pages = {48--51, 54--57}
}

@article{dohn_position_2010,
	title = {Position and mass determination of multiple particles using cantilever based mass sensors},
	volume = {97},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v97/i4/p044103_s1?isAuthorized=no&ver=pdfcov},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.3473761},
	abstract = {Resonant microcantilevers are highly sensitive to added masses and have the potential to be used as mass-spectrometers. However, making the detection of individual added masses quantitative requires the position determination for each added mass. We derive expressions relating the position and mass of several added particles to the resonant frequencies of a cantilever, and an identification procedure valid for particles with different masses is proposed. The identification procedure is tested by calculating positions and mass of multiple microparticles with similar mass positioned on individual microcantilevers. Excellent agreement is observed between calculated and measured positions and calculated and theoretical masses.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-01-31},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Dohn, S. and Schmid, S. and Amiot, F. and Boisen, A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {044103--044103--3}
}

@article{eigler_positioning_1990,
	title = {Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunnelling microscope},
	volume = {344},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 1990 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {\$\{footerJournalISSN\}},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6266/abs/344524a0.html},
	doi = {10.1038/344524a0},
	language = {en},
	number = {6266},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Eigler, D. M. and Schweizer, E. K.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1990},
	pages = {524--526}
}

@article{southworth_pressure_2009,
	title = {Pressure dependent resonant frequency of micromechanical drumhead resonators},
	volume = {94},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org.proxycu.wrlc.org/resource/1/applab/v94/i21/p213506_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.3141731},
	abstract = {We examine the relationship between squeeze film effects and resonance frequency in drum-type resonators. We find that the resonance frequency increases linearly with pressure as a result of the additional restoring force contribution from compression of gas within the drum cavity. We demonstrate trapping of the gas by squeeze film effects and geometry. The pressure sensitivity is shown to scale inversely with cavity height and sound radiation is found to be the predominant loss mechanism near and above atmospheric pressure. Drum resonators exhibit linearity and sensitivity suitable to barometry from below 10 Torr up to several atmospheres.},
	number = {21},
	urldate = {2013-03-19},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Southworth, D. R. and Craighead, H. G. and Parpia, J. M.},
	month = may,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {213506--213506--3}
}

@book{janata_principles_2010,
	title = {Principles of {Chemical} {Sensors}},
	isbn = {978-0-387-69931-8},
	abstract = {When first published in 1989 this was the leading book on chemical sensors. Since then, many undergraduate textbooks on chemical sensors have been published, but no graduate ones. This book is the first advanced undergraduate/graduate textbook on chemical sensors, and as with the first edition it will also garner strong interest as a reference volume.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Janata, Jiri},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Mathematics / Algebra / General, Mathematics / Group Theory, Technology \& Engineering / Sensors}
}

@article{soize_probabilistic_1986-1,
	title = {Probabilistic structural modeling in linear dynamic analysis of complex mechanical systems. {I}- {Theoretical} elements},
	number = {5},
	journal = {La Recherche Aerospatiale(English Edition)},
	author = {Soize, C},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {23--48}
}

@article{chabas_probabilistic_1986,
	title = {Probabilistic structural modeling in linear dynamic analysis of complex mechanical systems. {II}- {Numerical} analysis and applications},
	number = {5},
	journal = {La Recherche Aerospatiale(English Edition)},
	author = {Chabas, F and Desanti, A and Soize, C},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {49--67}
}

@phdthesis{arlett_properties_2006,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Properties of piezoresistive silicon nano-scale cantilevers with applications to {BioNEMS}},
	url = {http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03222006-125635},
	abstract = {Over the last decade a great deal of interest has been raised in applications of Microelectromechanical Sensors [MEMS] for the detection of biological molecules and to the study of their forces of interaction. Experiments in these areas have included Force Spectroscopy (Chemical Force Microscopy), MEMS patch clamp technology, and surface stress sensors. All of these technologies suffer from limitations on temporal response and involve devices with active surface areas that are large compared to molecular dimensions. Biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical systems (BioNEMS) have the potential to overcome both of these hurdles, offering important new prospects for single-molecule force assays that are amenable to large scale integration. Results are presented here on the characterization of piezoresistive silicon cantilevers with applications to BioNEMS devices. The cantilevers were characterized by studying their response in gaseous ambients under a number of drive conditions including magnetic, piezoelectric, and thermal actuation, in addition to passive detection of the thermomechanical response. The measurements were performed at liquid helium temperature, at room temperature, and over a range of pressures (atmospheric pressure to 30mT). Theoretical studies have been performed on the response of these devices to Brownian fluctuations in fluid, on the feasibility of these devices as surface stress sensors, and on improvements in device design as compared to piezoresistive surface stress sensors currently discussed in the literature. The devices were encapsulated in microfluidics and measurements were performed to show the noise floor in fluid. The piezoresistive response of the device in fluid was shown through the use of pulsatory fluidic drive. As a proof of concept, biodetection experiments are presented for biotin labeled beads. The biofunctionalization for the latter experiment was performed entirely within the microfluidics. A discussion of how these experiments can be extended to other cells, spores, and molecules is presented.},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	author = {Arlett, J. L},
	year = {2006}
}

@article{yasamura_quality_2000,
	title = {Quality {Factors} in micron- and submicron-thick cantilevers},
	volume = {9},
	shorttitle = {Quality {Factors} in micron- and submicron-thick cantilevers},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/yasumura_microelectromech_2000_Quality Factors in Micron- and Submicron-Thick-2898375449/yasumura_microelectromech_2000_Quality Factors in Micron- and Submicron-Thick.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Microelecromechanical Systems},
	author = {Yasamura, K. Y. and Stowe, T. D. and Chow, E. M. and Pfafman, T. and Kenny, T. W. and Stipe, B. C. and Rugar, D.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {117--125}
}

@article{su_quartz_2002,
	title = {Quartz tuning fork biosensor},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0956-5663},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566301002494},
	doi = {10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00249-4},
	abstract = {The use of quartz tuning forks for biosensor applications is investigated. The basis of the sensor is to coat the tuning fork surfaces with specific biomolecules and measure subsequent mass loading from the selective binding of complementary analytes. Two experimental setups are evaluated, direct mechanical excitation and self-excitation. Mechanical excitation is achieved by mounting the fork on a piezoelectric plate and it is found that the change in oscillation amplitude on adsorption can be monitored to give the change in mass. However, a major drawback is that the sensitivity is determined by the Q-factor, which varies significantly between different sensors and different experimental arrangements. In self-excitation mode, tuning fork motion is activated and detected by placing the fork within a tuned circuit. Using self-excitation mode, anti-human IgG modified tuning forks can sense the binding of human IgG in the range of 5Ã¢ÂÂ100 ÃÂ¼g mlÃ¢ÂÂ1. The significance of this study is that quartz tuning forks are routinely made using standard microfabrication process, thus suggesting the possibility of facile microfabrication of arrays of quartz sensors.},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
	author = {Su, X. and Dai, C. and Zhang, J. and O'Shea, S. J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {microfabrication, Biosensor, Molecular immobilization, Quartz tuning fork},
	pages = {111--117}
}

@article{rao_recent_2003,
	title = {Recent applications of viscoelastic damping for noise control in automobiles and commercial airplanes},
	volume = {262},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Rao, Mohan D},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {457--474}
}

@article{datskos_remote_1996,
	title = {Remote infrared radiation detection using piezoresistive microcantilevers},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v69/i20/p2986_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.117752},
	abstract = {A novel micromechanical infrared (IR) radiation sensor has been developed using commercially available piezoresistive microcantilevers. Microcantilevers coated with a heat absorbing layer undergo bending due to the differential stress between the top layer (coating) and the substrate. The bending causes a change in the piezoresistance and is proportional to the amount of heat absorbed. The microcantilever IR sensor exhibits two distinct thermal responses: a fast one ({\textbackslash}textlessms) and a slower one (Ã¢ÂÂ¼10 ms). A noise equivalent power (at a modulation frequency of 30 Hz) was estimated to be Ã¢ÂÂ¼70 nW/Hz1/2. This value can be further reduced by designing microcantilevers with better thermal isolation that can allow microcantilevers to be used as uncooled IR radiation detectors. ÃÂ© 1996 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {20},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Datskos, P. G. and Oden, P. I. and Thundat, T. and Wachter, E. A. and Warmack, R. J. and Hunter, S. R.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1996},
	pages = {2986--2988}
}

@article{maidanik_replacement_2006-1,
	title = {Replacement of a summation by an integration in structural acoustics},
	volume = {291},
	shorttitle = {Replacement of a summation by an integration in structural acoustics},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/maidanik_JSV_2006-1751227140/maidanik_JSV_2006.pdf},
	journal = {J. Sound Vib.},
	author = {Maidanik, G. and Becker, K.J. and Maga, L.J.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {323--348},
	annote = {1-2}
}

@article{singhose_residual_1994-1,
	title = {Residual {Vibration} {Reduction} {Using} {Vector} {Diagrams} to {Generate} {Shaped} {Inputs}},
	volume = {116},
	shorttitle = {Residual {Vibration} {Reduction} {Using} {Vector} {Diagrams} to {Generate} {Shaped} {Inputs}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Singhose_j_mechanical_design_1994-0941521152/Singhose_j_mechanical_design_1994.pdf},
	journal = {J. of Mechanical Design},
	author = {Singhose, W. and Seering, W. and Singer, N.},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {654--659}
}

@article{park_resonance_2006,
	title = {Resonance properties and mass sensitivity of monolithic microcantilever sensors actuated by piezoelectric {PZT} thick film},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1385-3449},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/716907q087525578/abstract/},
	doi = {10.1007/s10832-006-6290-8},
	abstract = {The PZT thick film cantilever devices fabricated via MEMS process have much attraction because they are appropriate for biological transducer or sensor, resulting from their large actuating force and relatively high sensitivity especially in liquid. By means of resonance behavior, theoretical calculation and experimental verification of the PZT thick film cantilever devices have not been studied before. Accordingly, we focused on the sensitivity analysis and interpretation of the PZT thick film cantilevers in this study. Especially, the investigation for mass sensitivity of the PZT thick film cantilever is of importance for physical, chemical and biological sensing application. The PZT thick film cantilever devices were constructed on Pt/TiO 2 /SiN X /Si substrates using screen printing method and MEMS process. The harmonic oscillation response (resonance frequency) was measured using an optical laser interferometric vibrometer. The effect of cantilever geometry on the resonance frequency change was investigated. Compared with the theoretical resonant frequency change by mass loading, the experimental resonant frequency change of the PZT micromechanical thick film cantilever shows a variation of less than 2\%. Mass sensitivities are estimated to be 30.7, 57.1 and 152.0 pg/Hz for the 400 380 ÃÂ¼m, 400 480 ÃÂ¼m and 400 580 ÃÂ¼m cantilever, respectively.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Electroceramics},
	author = {Park, J. and Asakura, T. and Kim, H. and Kim, S. and Yoon, D. and Cheon, C. and Kim, H. and Kim, T.},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Chemistry and Materials Science},
	pages = {565--572}
}

@article{panton_resonant_1975,
	title = {Resonant frequencies of cylindrical {Helmholtz} resonators},
	volume = {57},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/57/1533/1},
	doi = {10.1121/1.380596},
	abstract = {A simple analysis predicts the Helmholtz and higher modes of cylindrical resonators. Formulas for the quarterÃ¢ÂÂwave tube, the closed tube, and the classic Helmholtz resonator are special cases. It is found that the classic Helmholtz formula begins to lose accuracy for resonator lengths LÃ¢ÂÂ³ÃÂ»/16. A corrected Helmholtz equation is given as an approximation to the exact result. The analysis requires values of inside and outside orifice end corrections. RayleighÃ¢ÂÂs model of a piston in an infinite wall and IngardÃ¢ÂÂs calculations for a piston radiating into a tube give satisfactory results when the theory is compared to experiments. Resonator experiments were performed with k0L in the range ÃÂ/8 to 3ÃÂ/8 and orifice to cavity diameter ratios from 0.1 to 0.8. Subject Classification: 20.40.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2013-10-08},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Panton, Ronald L. and Miller, John M.},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {1533--1535}
}

@article{tudor_resonant_1997,
	title = {Resonant {Sensors}: {Fundamentals} and {State} of the {Art}},
	volume = {9},
	shorttitle = {Resonant {Sensors}: {Fundamentals} and {State} of the {Art}},
	journal = {Sensors and Materials},
	author = {Tudor, M. J. and Beeby, S. P.},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {1--15}
}

@article{stemme_resonant_1991,
	title = {Resonant {Silicon} {Sensors}},
	volume = {1},
	shorttitle = {Resonant {Silicon} {Sensors}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/stemme_J micromech microeng_1991_resonant silicon sensors-4290885401/stemme_J micromech microeng_1991_resonant silicon sensors.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Stemme, G.},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {113--125}
}

@article{stemme_resonant_1991-1,
	title = {Resonant {Silicon} {Sensors}},
	volume = {1},
	shorttitle = {Resonant {Silicon} {Sensors}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/stemme_J micromech microeng_1991_resonant silicon sensors-4290885401/stemme_J micromech microeng_1991_resonant silicon sensors.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Stemme, G.},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {113--125}
}

@article{pierce_resonant-frequency-distribution_1997-1,
	title = {Resonant-{Frequency}-{Distribution} of {Internal} {Mass} {Inferred} {From} {Mechanical} {Impedance} {Matrices}, {With} {Application} to {Fuzzy} {Structure} {Theory}},
	volume = {119},
	shorttitle = {Resonant-{Frequency}-{Distribution} of {Internal} {Mass} {Inferred} {From} {Mechanical} {Impedance} {Matrices}, {With} {Application} to {Fuzzy} {Structure} {Theory}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Pierce_J_vib&acous_1997-0312965889/Pierce_J_vib&acous_1997.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
	author = {Pierce, A. D.},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {324--333}
}

@article{howe_resonant-microbridge_1986,
	title = {Resonant-microbridge vapor sensor},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {0018-9383},
	doi = {10.1109/T-ED.1986.22519},
	abstract = {A novel integrated vapor sensor is described that incorporates a polycrystalline silicon microbridge coated with a thin polymer film. The microbridge is resonated electrostatically and its vibration is detected capacitively using an integrated NMOS circuit. Vapor uptake by the polymer increases the mass-loading on the microbridge, thereby perturbing the first resonant frequency of the microbridge. In the prototype device, a 150-nm-thick layer of negative photoresist coats a 153- \#181;m-long 1.35- \#181;m-thick polycrystalline silicon microbridge. The phase between the excitation and output voltages at resonance is monitored as the sensor output signal. Exposure to saturated xylene vapor produces a phase shift of -8 \#176; with a response time of less than 7 min.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices},
	author = {Howe, R.T. and Muller, R.S.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1986},
	pages = {499 -- 506}
}

@article{ghatkesar_resonating_2008,
	title = {Resonating modes of vibrating microcantilevers in liquid},
	volume = {92},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB/v92/i4/p043106/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2838295},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-01-31},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ghatkesar, M. K. and Braun, T. and Barwich, V. and Ramseyer, J.-P. and Gerber, C. and Hegner, M. and Lang, H. P.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {043106}
}

@article{jang_rf_2012,
	title = {{RF} {MEMS} suspended band-stop resonator and filter for frequency and bandwidth continuous fine tuning},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0960-1317, 1361-6439},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/22/1/015005},
	doi = {10.1088/0960-1317/22/1/015005},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},
	author = {Jang, Y.-H. and Llamas-Garro, I. and Kim, Y.-K. and Kim, J.-M.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {015005}
}

@article{imboden_scaling_2007,
	title = {Scaling of dissipation in megahertz-range micromechanical diamond oscillators},
	volume = {90},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v90/i17/p173502_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2732163},
	abstract = {The authors report frequency and dissipation scaling laws for doubly clamped diamond resonators. The device lengths range from 10 to 19 ÃÂ¼m corresponding to frequency and quality-factor ranges of 17 to 66 MHz and 600Ã¢ÂÂ2400, respectively. The authors find that the resonance frequency scales as 1/L2 confirming the validity of the thin-beam approximation. The dominant dissipation comes from two sources: for the shorter beams, clamping loss is the dominant dissipation mechanism, while for the longer beams, surface losses provide a significant source of dissipation. The authors compare and contrast these mechanisms with other dissipation mechanisms to describe the data.},
	number = {17},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Imboden, Matthias and Mohanty, Pritiraj and Gaidarzhy, Alexei and Rankin, Janet and Sheldon, Brian W},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {173502--173502--3}
}

@inproceedings{fortgang_scheduling_2006-1,
	address = {Minneapolis, MN},
	title = {Scheduling of {Input} {Shaping} and {Transient} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {High}-{Rise} {Elevators}},
	shorttitle = {Scheduling of {Input} {Shaping} and {Transient} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {High}-{Rise} {Elevators}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/fortgang_scheduling_of_input_shaping 2006-4278800384/fortgang_scheduling_of_input_shaping 2006.pdf},
	booktitle = {American {Control} {Conference}},
	author = {Fortgang, J. and Singhose, W. and Patrangenaru, V.},
	year = {2006}
}

@article{abe_semi-active_1996-1,
	title = {Semi-{Active} {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Controlling} {Transient} {Response}},
	volume = {198},
	shorttitle = {Semi-{Active} {Dynamic} {Vibration} {Absorbers} for {Controlling} {Transient} {Response}},
	journal = {Journal of Sound \& Vibration},
	author = {Abe, M. and Igusa, T.},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {547--569},
	annote = {5}
}

@article{boggs_sequential_1995,
	title = {Sequential {Quadratic} {Programming}},
	volume = {4},
	doi = {10.1017/S0962492900002518},
	journal = {Acta Numerica},
	author = {Boggs, Paul T. and Tolle, Jon W.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {1--51}
}

@book{mcgoldrick_ship_1960-1,
	title = {Ship vibration},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {U.S. Govt. Print. Off.},
	author = {McGoldrick, Raymond T.},
	year = {1960},
	keywords = {Transportation / Ships \& Shipbuilding / General, Vibration (Marine engineering)}
}

@article{petersen_silicon_1982,
	title = {Silicon as a mechanical material},
	volume = {70},
	issn = {0018-9219},
	doi = {10.1109/PROC.1982.12331},
	abstract = {Single-crystal silicon is being increasingly employed in a variety of new commercial products not because of its well-established electronic properties, but rather because of its excellent mechanical properties. In addition, recent trends in the engineering literature indicate a growing interest in the use of silicon as a mechanical material with the ultimate goal of developing a broad range of inexpensive, batch-fabricated, high-performance sensors and transducers which are easily interfaced with the rapidly proliferating microprocessor. This review describes the advantages of employing silicon as a mechanical material, the relevant mechanical characteristics of silicon, and the processing techniques which are specific to micromechanical structures. Finally, the potentials of this new technology are illustrated by numerous detailed examples from the literature. It is clear that silicon will continue to be aggressively exploited in a wide variety of mechanical applications complementary to its traditional role as an electronic material. Furthermore, these multidisciplinary uses of silicon will significantly alter the way we think about all types of miniature mechanical devices and components.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
	author = {Petersen, K.E.},
	month = may,
	year = {1982},
	pages = {420 -- 457}
}

@article{greenwood_silicon_1988,
	title = {Silicon in mechanical sensors},
	volume = {21},
	shorttitle = {Silicon in mechanical sensors},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/greenwood_J_phys_E_1988-0799281921/greenwood_J_phys_E_1988.pdf},
	journal = {Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments},
	author = {Greenwood, J. C.},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {1114--1128}
}

@article{prescesky_silicon_1992,
	title = {Silicon micromachining technology for sub-nanogram discrete mass biosensors},
	volume = {70},
	shorttitle = {Silicon micromachining technology for sub-nanogram discrete mass biosensors},
	abstract = {This paper describes a novel sub-nanogram discrete mass sensor with possible biological applications including potential biomass monitoring of living cells in culture. The sensing element is a micromachined silicon dioxide cantilever fabricated using a process compatible with commercial CMOS microelectronic processes. The 1 ?m thick silicon dioxide device consists of two 8 ÃÂ 150 ?m cantilever arms supporting a 50 ÃÂ 50 ?m payload platform. Actuation of this first generation device is performed using a small vibration table. Resonant amplitude are measured by detecting the angular shift of a laser beam incident on the device. Finite element analysis is used to model resonant frequencies, mode shapes, and frequency response. Cantilever resonates in fundamental mode at 15.9 kHz and have an experimental mass sensitivity of 1.9 kHz ng?1.},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Physics},
	author = {Prescesky, S. and Paraeswaran, M. and Rawicz, A. and Turner, R. F. B. and Reichl, U.},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1178--1183}
}

@article{beeby_silicon_2001,
	title = {Silicon micromechanical resonator with thick-film printed vibration excitation and detection mechanisms},
	volume = {88},
	shorttitle = {Silicon micromechanical resonator with thick-film printed vibration excitation and detection mechanisms},
	url = {://000167198800001},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators a-Physical},
	author = {Beeby, S. P. and White, N. M.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {189--197}
}

@inproceedings{lulec_simultaneous_2012,
	title = {Simultaneous self-sustained actuation and parallel readout with {MEMS} cantilever sensor array},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6170269},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	booktitle = {Micro {Electro} {Mechanical} {Systems} ({MEMS}), 2012 {IEEE} 25th {International} {Conference} on},
	author = {Lulec, S. Z. and Sagiroglu, C. and Mostafazadeh, A. and Ermek, E. and Timurdogan, E. and Leblebici, Y. and Urey, H.},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {644--647}
}

@article{ilic_single_2001,
	title = {Single cell detection with micromechanical oscillators},
	volume = {19},
	shorttitle = {Single cell detection with micromechanical oscillators},
	journal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \& Technology B},
	author = {Ilic, B. and Czaplewski, D. and Zalalutdinov, M. and Craighead, H. G. and Neuzil, P. and Campagnolo, C. and Batt, C.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {2825--2828}
}

@article{rugar_single_2004,
	title = {Single spin detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy},
	volume = {430},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2004 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v430/n6997/abs/nature02658.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nature02658},
	abstract = {Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well known as a powerful technique for visualizing subsurface structures with three-dimensional spatial resolution. Pushing the resolution below 1 m remains a major challenge, however, owing to the sensitivity limitations of conventional inductive detection techniques. Currently, the smallest volume elements in an image must contain at least 1012 nuclear spins for MRI-based microscopy, or 107 electron spins for electron spin resonance microscopy. Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) was proposed as a means to improve detection sensitivity to the single-spin level, and thus enable three-dimensional imaging of macromolecules (for example, proteins) with atomic resolution. MRFM has also been proposed as a qubit readout device for spin-based quantum computers. Here we report the detection of an individual electron spin by MRFM. A spatial resolution of 25 nm in one dimension was obtained for an unpaired spin in silicon dioxide. The measured signal is consistent with a model in which the spin is aligned parallel or anti-parallel to the effective field, with a rotating-frame relaxation time of 760 ms. The long relaxation time suggests that the state of an individual spin can be monitored for extended periods of time, even while subjected to a complex set of manipulations that are part of the MRFM measurement protocol.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6997},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Rugar, D. and Budakian, R. and Mamin, H. J. and Chui, B. W.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, Physics, pharmacology, evolutionary biology, ecology, astronomy, astrophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, biotechnology, cancer, cell cycle, cell signalling, climate change, computational biology, development, developmental biology, DNA, drug discovery, earth science, environmental science, evolution, functional genomics, genetics, genomics, geophysics, immunology, interdisciplinary science, life, marine biology, materials science, medical research, medicine, metabolomics, molecular biology, molecular interactions, nature, neurobiology, neuroscience, palaeobiology, proteomics, quantum physics, RNA, science, science news, science policy, signal transduction, structural biology, systems biology, transcriptomics},
	pages = {329--332}
}

@article{gupta_single_2004,
	title = {Single virus particle mass detection using microresonators with nanoscale thickness},
	volume = {84},
	shorttitle = {Single virus particle mass detection using microresonators with nanoscale thickness},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Gupta, A. and Akin, D. and Bashir, R.},
	year = {2004}
}

@article{cleland_single-crystal_2001,
	title = {Single-crystal aluminum nitride nanomechanical resonators},
	volume = {79},
	issn = {0003-6951},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1396633},
	abstract = {Aluminum nitride is a light, stiff, piezoelectrically active material that can be epitaxially grown on single-crystal Si. AlN is beginning to play a role in the integration of semiconducting electronic and surface acoustic wave devices, and may prove useful for the integration of other types of mechanical devices as well. We describe the growth and subsequent electron-beam patterning and etching of epitaxial AlN-on-silicon films into nanomechanical flexural resonators. We have measured resonators with fundamental mechanical resonance frequencies above 80 MHz, and quality factors in excess of 20 \#x2009;000. \#xa9; 2001 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {13},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Cleland, A. N. and Pophristic, M. and Ferguson, I.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Q-factor, micromechanical resonators, aluminium compounds, etching, piezoelectric semiconductors, semiconductor epitaxial layers, semiconductor growth, wide band gap semiconductors},
	pages = {2070 --2072}
}

@article{hanay_single-protein_2012,
	title = {Single-protein nanomechanical mass spectrometry in real time},
	volume = {7},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2012 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {1748-3387},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v7/n9/full/nnano.2012.119.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2012.119},
	abstract = {Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) resonators can detect mass with exceptional sensitivity. Previously, mass spectra from several hundred adsorption events were assembled in NEMS-based mass spectrometry using statistical analysis. Here, we report the first realization of single-molecule NEMS-based mass spectrometry in real time. As each molecule in the sample adsorbs on the resonator, its mass and position of adsorption are determined by continuously tracking two driven vibrational modes of the device. We demonstrate the potential of multimode NEMS-based mass spectrometry by analysing IgM antibody complexes in real time. NEMS-based mass spectrometry is a unique and promising new form of mass spectrometry: it can resolve neutral species, provide a resolving power that increases markedly for very large masses, and allow the acquisition of spectra, molecule-by-molecule, in real time.},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2012-09-06},
	journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
	author = {Hanay, M. S. and Kelber, S. and Naik, A. K. and Chi, D. and Hentz, S. and Bullard, E. C. and Colinet, E. and Duraffourg, L. and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Nanosensors and other devices, NEMS, Nanobiotechnology},
	pages = {602--608}
}

@book{rossing_springer_2007,
	series = {Springer {Handbook} of {Acoustics}},
	title = {Springer {Handbook} of {Acoustics}},
	isbn = {978-0-387-30446-5},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=4ktVwGe_dSMC},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Rossing, T.D.},
	year = {2007},
	lccn = {2006927050}
}

@book{lyon_statistical_1975-1,
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	title = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis} of {Dynamical} {Systems}},
	shorttitle = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis} of {Dynamical} {Systems}},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Lyon, R. H.},
	year = {1975}
}

@book{keane_statistical_1997-1,
	title = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis}: {An} {Overview}, with {Applications} in {Structural} {Dynamics}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-55175-5},
	shorttitle = {Statistical {Energy} {Analysis}},
	abstract = {This volume provides an up-to-date overview of statistical energy analysis and its applications in structural vibration. Statistical energy analysis (S.E.A.) is a powerful method for predicting and analysing the vibrational behaviour of structures. This volume brings together nine articles by experts in S. E. A. from around the world. The opening chapter gives an introduction and overview of the technique describing its key successes, potential and limitations. Following chapters discuss a selection of cases and examples which together illustrate the scope and power of the technique.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Keane, A. J. and Price, W. G.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Civil / General, Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Science / General, Technology \& Engineering / Electrical, Technology \& Engineering / Structural}
}

@article{zhu_strategies_2010,
	title = {Strategies for increasing the operating frequency range of vibration energy harvesters: a review},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0957-0233 1361-6501},
	shorttitle = {Strategies for increasing the operating frequency range of vibration energy harvesters: a review},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/zhu 2009 MST-2507580417/zhu 2009 MST.pdf},
	doi = {10.1088/0957-0233/21/2/022001},
	journal = {Measurement Science and Technology},
	author = {Zhu, Dibin and Tudor, Michael J. and Beeby, Stephen P.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {022001}
}

@article{sato_study_2003,
	title = {Study of intrinsic localized vibrational modes in micromechanical oscillator arrays},
	volume = {13},
	shorttitle = {Study of intrinsic localizaed vibrational modes in micromechanical oscillator arrays},
	abstract = {Intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) have been observed in micromechanical cantilever arrays, and their creation, locking, interaction, and relaxation dynamics in the presence of a driver have been studied. The micromechanical array is fabricated in a 300 nm thick silicon-nitride film on a silicon substrate, and consists of up to 248 cantilevers of two alternating lengths. To observe the ILMs in this experimental system a line-shaped laser beam is focused on the 1D cantilever array, and the reflected beam is captured with a fast charge coupled device camera. The array is driven near its highest frequency mode with a piezoelectric transducer. Numerical simulations of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice have been carried out to assist with the detailed interpretation of the experimental results. These include pinning and locking of the ILMs when the driver is on, collisions between ILMs, low frequency excitation modes of the locked ILMs and their relaxation behavior after the driver is turned off.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Chaos},
	author = {Sato, M. and Hubbard, B. E. and English, L. Q. and Sievers, A. J. and Ilic, B. and Czaplewski, D. A. and Craighead, H. G.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {702--715}
}

@article{mamin_sub-attonewton_2001,
	title = {Sub-attonewton force detection at millikelvin temperatures},
	volume = {79},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v79/i20/p3358_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1418256},
	abstract = {A 290-nm-thick single-crystal silicon cantilever has been cooled in vacuum to a temperature of 110 mK in order reduce its thermal motion and thereby improve the achievable force resolution. Since the thermal conductivity of the silicon cantilever is extremely low at millikelvin temperatures, an improved optical fiber interferometer was developed to measure the subangstrom thermal motion with optical powers as low as 2 nW. At the lowest temperature, the cantilever exhibited a quality factor of 150 000 and achieved a noise temperature of 220 mK, with a corresponding force noise of 820 zN in a 1 Hz bandwidth. ÃÂ© 2001 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {20},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Mamin, H. J. and Rugar, D.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2001},
	pages = {3358--3360}
}

@article{maboudian_surface_2004,
	title = {Surface {Chemistry} and {Tribology} of {Mems}},
	volume = {55},
	url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.physchem.55.091602.094445},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev.physchem.55.091602.094445},
	abstract = {The microscopic length scale and high surface-to-volume ratio, characteristic of microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS), dictate that surface properties are of paramount importance. This review deals with the effects of surface chemical treatments on tribological properties (adhesion, friction, and wear) of MEMS devices. After a brief review of materials and processes that are utilized in MEMS technology, the relevant tribological and chemical issues are discussed. Various MEMS microinstruments are discussed, which are commonly employed to perform adhesion, friction, and wear measurements. The effects of different surface treatments on the reported tribological properties are discussed.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-02-09},
	journal = {Annual Review of Physical Chemistry},
	author = {Maboudian, R. and Carraro, C.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {adhesion, lubrication, micromachines, monolayers, wear, friction},
	pages = {35--54}
}

@article{yang_surface_2000,
	title = {Surface effects and high quality factors in ultrathin single-crystal silicon cantilevers},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v77/i23/p3860_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1330225},
	abstract = {Surface effects in ultrathin single-crystal silicon cantilevers of 170 nm thickness, which are optically actuated mainly by the light pressure effect, are investigated under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) condition. Annealing the cantilevers at 1000 ÃÂ°C for 30 s in UHV results in an over 1 order of magnitude increase of the quality factor (Q factor), up to about 2.5ÃÂ105 for cantilevers of 30Ã¢ÂÂ90 ÃÂ¼m in length. The improvement of Q factor was found to be associated with the deoxidization of the surface, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These results suggest that the surface effects in the ultrathin cantilevers dominate their mechanical behavior. With the promising mechanical behavior, the cantilever can be easily actuated by a laser beam (beam size: about 300ÃÂ100 ÃÂ¼m2) with power down to less than 40 ÃÂ¼W at a wavelength of 680 nm, corresponding to 480 nW, i.e., 1.64ÃÂ1012 photons/s, irradiated on the cantilever surface (60ÃÂ6 ÃÂ¼m2). This provides a rather simple way to operate the ultrathin cantilevers dynamically in UHV. Atomic scale force resolution (4.8ÃÂ10Ã¢ÂÂ17 N) at 300 K is also expected with these cantilevers. ÃÂ© 2000 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {23},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Yang, Jinling and Ono, Takahito and Esashi, Masayoshi},
	month = dec,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {3860--3862}
}

@article{piekarski_surface_2001,
	title = {Surface micromachined piezoelectric resonant beam filters},
	volume = {91},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092442470100601X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00601-X},
	abstract = {Piezoelectric actuation and sensing of suspended single-beam microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonant filters is demonstrated. Resonant frequencies between 171 kHz and 9.2 MHz were observed for resonators with dimensions of 6Ã¢ÂÂ20 ÃÂ¼m wide and 25Ã¢ÂÂ400 ÃÂ¼m long. Operation was demonstrated from a vacuum pressure of 20 mTorr to atmospheric with drive voltages as low as 2.5 mV and a dynamic range of greater than 40 dB. Loaded quality factors (Qs) greater than 1000 resulted at 9.2 MHz and a 20 mTorr pressure. A 20 kHz tuning range resulting from the piezoelectric poling conditions and a 75 ppm/K frequency temperature dependency was observed. The resonators utilize a clampedÃ¢ÂÂclamped beam design with solÃ¢ÂÂgel lead zirconate titanate (PZT) as the piezoelectric actuator and sensor, PECVD silicon dioxide as the resonant beam structure, and platinum as the top and bottom electrode. The effects of operating temperature, operating pressure, poling condition, and drive voltage are reported.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Piekarski, B. and DeVoe, D. and Dubey, M. and Kaul, R. and Conrad, J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Lead zirconate titanate, MEMS filters, MEMS resonators, PZT, RF MEMS},
	pages = {313--320}
}

@article{burg_suspended_2003,
	title = {Suspended microchannel resonators for biomolecular detection},
	volume = {83},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v83/i13/p2698_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.1611625},
	abstract = {We present a resonant mass sensor for specific biomolecular detection in a subnanoliter fluid volume. The sensing principle is based on measuring shifts in resonance frequency of a suspended microfluidic channel upon accumulation of molecules on the inside walls of the device. Confining the fluid to the inside of a hollow cantilever enables direct integration with conventional microfluidic systems, significantly increases sensitivity by eliminating high damping and viscous drag, and allows the resonator to be actuated by electrostatic forces. Fluid density measurements reveal a mass resolution of 10Ã¢ÂÂ17 g/ÃÂ¼m2 in a 4 mHzÃ¢ÂÂ4 Hz bandwidth. To demonstrate biomolecular detection, we present real-time measurements of the specific binding between avidin and biotinylated bovine serum albumin. Based on these measurements, we expect that changes in surface mass loading on the order of 10Ã¢ÂÂ19 g/ÃÂ¼m2 can be detected in an optimized system. ÃÂ© 2003 American Institute of Physics.},
	number = {13},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Burg, T. P. and Manalis, S. R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2003},
	pages = {2698--2700}
}

@article{kim_temperature_2008,
	title = {Temperature {Dependence} of {Quality} {Factor} in {MEMS} {Resonators}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/JMEMS.2008.924253},
	abstract = {The temperature dependence of the quality factor of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators is analyzed and measured. For silicon MEMS resonators, there are several energy loss mechanisms that determine the quality factor. These include air-damping, thermoelastic dissipation, and anchor and surface losses. For resonators operating at a low pressure in hermetic wafer-scale encapsulation, the effect of each energy loss mechanism is discussed. The temperature dependence of each mechanism and their contribution to the total quality factor is investigated. MEMS resonators can be designed to have either strong or weak dependence of on temperature, which is if the effects of the temperature on the dominant loss mechanisms are well understood. The sensitivity of up to 1\% changes in quality factor per degree Celsius change of temperature was demonstrated by experiment. By using as the thermometer for temperature compensation, a preliminary experiment demonstrated less than 4-ppm resonant frequency variation over the 0 -70 temperature range. This indicates that the quality factor can be used as an absolute intrinsic thermometer for temperature compensation in the MEMS resonators.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Kim, B. and Hopcroft, M.A. and Candler, R.N. and Jha, C.M. and Agarwal, M. and Melamud, R. and Chandorkar, S.A. and Yama, G. and Kenny, T.W.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {silicon, Q-factor, micromechanical resonators, elemental semiconductors, hermetic wafer-scale encapsulation, microelectromechanical system resonators, resonant frequency variation, silicon MEMS resonators, temperature dependence, thermoelastic dissipation, thermometer, thermometers, wafer-scale integration, quality factor},
	pages = {755 --766}
}

@article{weaver_effect_1996-1,
	title = {The effect of an undamped finite degree of freedom `fuzzy' substructure: {Numerical} solutions and theoretical discussion},
	volume = {100},
	shorttitle = {The effect of an undamped finite degree of freedom Ã¢ÂÂfuzzyÃ¢ÂÂ substructure},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/100/3159/1},
	doi = {10.1121/1.417194},
	abstract = {A single degree of freedom master oscillator attached to a simple undamped N degree of freedom Ã¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂfuzzy substructureÃ¢ÂÂÃ¢ÂÂ is studied numerically and theoretically. Results are found to be in accord with the predictions of the PierceÃ¢ÂÂSparrowÃ¢ÂÂRussell theory at early times; in particular, the master oscillation manifests an apparent damping. At later times, however, the damping ceases and the energy is returned from the fuzzy to the master. The precise manner in which the energy is returned, and the time taken to do this, depend on the details of the mass and frequency distribution within the fuzzy, and in particular on the distribution of spacings between the fuzzy resonances. ÃÂ© 1996 Acoustical Society of America.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-03-04},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Weaver, R. L.},
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {oscillators, degrees of freedom, mass distribution, mathematical models, mechanical vibrations, acoustic resonance, Damping},
	pages = {3159--3164}
}

@article{cummings_effects_1992,
	title = {The effects of a resonator array on the sound field in a cavity},
	volume = {154},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X9290402J},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(92)90402-J},
	abstract = {A multi-mode theoretical analysis, of the scattering of a reverberant sound field in a cavity by an array of resonators, is described; the sound field is driven by an arbitrary distribution of sources. Comparisons are made between computed data based on the present analysis and published measurements, and generally favourable agreement is noted. A selection of computed data is also presented, illustrating various aspects of the use of resonators to reduce the resonant response of a cavity to a source distribution.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-03-08},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Cummings, A.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1992},
	pages = {25--44}
}

@article{chen_improvement_1998,
	title = {The improvement on the transmission loss of a duct by adding {Helmholtz} resonators},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {0003-682X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003682X97000364},
	doi = {10.1016/S0003-682X(97)00036-4},
	abstract = {In this paper, the improvement on the acoustic transmission loss of a duct by adding some Helmholtz resonators is discussed. Therefore, the calculation on the transmission loss of a duct in a rigid wall by modifying the formula derived by Wilson and Soroka (Wilson G. P. and Soroka W. W., Approximation to the diffraction of sound by a circular aperture in a rigid wall of finite thickness. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 7965, 37(2), 286Ã¢ÂÂ297), its relating measurement and both the calculation of improved transmission loss of a duct by adding band-pass filters, and measurement of its involved transmission loss are included in this paper. The results of this study shows that agreement of the calculated transmission loss of a duct in a rigid wall with its related measurement is quite good at frequencies above 200 Hz, and the improvement of almost 28 dB on the transmission loss of the adopted duct at the frequency where the related transmission loss is to be improved can also be obtained when some appropriate Helmholtz resonators are added.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-06-21},
	journal = {Applied Acoustics},
	author = {Chen, K.T. and Chen, Y.H. and Lin, K.Y. and Weng, C.C.},
	month = may,
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {band-pass filter, Duct, Helmholtz resonator, transmission loss},
	pages = {71--82}
}

@article{wang_optimal_1989-1,
	title = {The optimal design of dynamic absorber in the time domain and the frequency domain},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0003-682X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003682X89900327},
	doi = {10.1016/0003-682X(89)90032-7},
	abstract = {The optimal design of a dynamic absorber can be classified into time domain optimization and frequency domain optimization. In this paper, four optimum design methods for a dynamic absorber are compared when they are applied to a single-degree-of-freedom system with primary damping. Furthermore, they can be used on other complex systems, including continuous systems. These four optimum methods are (1) the equal peak method, (2) the minimal variance method, (3) the energy method, and (4) the area ratio method. The design objective of these methods is to seek the optimal tuning and damping ratios of the dynamic absorber, whether in the time domain or in the frequency domain.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-06},
	journal = {Applied Acoustics},
	author = {Wang, Y.Z. and Cheng, S.H.},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {67--78}
}

@article{nathanson_resonant_1967,
	title = {The resonant gate transistor},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {0018-9383},
	doi = {10.1109/T-ED.1967.15912},
	abstract = {A device is described which permits high-{\textbackslash}textlesstex{\textbackslash}textgreaterQ{\textbackslash}textless/tex{\textbackslash}textgreaterfrequency selection to be incorporated into silicon integrated circuits. It is essentially an electrostatically excited tuning fork employing field-effect transistor "readout." The device, which is called the resonant gate transistor (RGT), can be batch-fabricated in a manner consistent with silicon technology. Experimental RGT's with gold vibrating beams operating in the frequency range 1 kHz lt; f{\textbackslash}textlessinf{\textbackslash}textgreater0{\textbackslash}textless/inf{\textbackslash}textgreater lt; 100 kHz are described. As an example of size, a 5-kHz device is about 0.1 mm long (0.040 inch). Experimental units possessing{\textbackslash}textlesstex{\textbackslash}textgreaterQ{\textbackslash}textless/tex{\textbackslash}textgreater's as high as 500 and overall input-output voltage gain approaching + 10 dB have been constructed. The mechanical and electrical operation of the RGT is analyzed. Expressions are derived for both the beam and the detector characteristic voltage, the device center frequency, as well as the device gain and gain-stability product. A batch-fabrication procedure for the RGT is demonstrated and theory and experiment corroborated. Both single- and multiple-pole pair band pass filters are fabricated and discussed. Temperature coefficients of frequency as low as 90- 150 ppm/ \#176;C for the finished batch-fabricated device were demonstrated.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices},
	author = {Nathanson, H. C. and Newell, W. E. and Wickstrom, R. A. and Davis, J. R., Jr.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1967},
	pages = {117 -- 133}
}

@inproceedings{hubard_semi-active_1976,
	title = {The semi-active spring: {Is} it a viable suspension concept},
	booktitle = {Proceedings 4th {Intersociety} {Conference} on {Transportation}},
	author = {Hubard, M and Marolis, D},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {1--6}
}

@article{paul_stochastic_2006,
	title = {The stochastic dynamics of micron and nanoscale elastic cantilevers in fluid: fluctuations from dissipation},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0957-4484, 1361-6528},
	shorttitle = {The stochastic dynamics of micron and nanoscale elastic cantilevers in fluid},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-4484/17/17/037},
	doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/17/17/037},
	number = {17},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Nanotechnology},
	author = {Paul, M R and Clark, M T and Cross, M C},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {4502--4513}
}

@article{den_hartog_theory_1928,
	title = {The theory of the dynamic vibration absorber},
	volume = {50},
	journal = {Transactions of the ASME},
	author = {Den Hartog, JP and Ormondroyd, J},
	year = {1928},
	pages = {A9--A22}
}

@article{feynman_theres_1960,
	title = {There's {Plenty} of {Room} at the {Bottom}},
	volume = {23},
	url = {http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/47/3/ES.23.5.1960.0.pdf},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Engineering and Science},
	author = {Feynman, R.P.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1960}
}

@article{thundat_thermal_1994-1,
	title = {Thermal and ambient-induced deflections of scanning force microscope cantilevers},
	volume = {64},
	shorttitle = {Thermal and ambient-induced deflections of scanning force microscope cantilevers},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Warmack, R. J. and Chen, G. Y. and Allison, D. P.},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {2894--2896}
}

@article{lifshitz_thermoelastic_2000,
	title = {Thermoelastic damping in micro- and nanomechanical systems},
	volume = {61},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.5600},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.61.5600},
	abstract = {The importance of thermoelastic damping as a fundamental dissipation mechanism for small-scale mechanical resonators is evaluated in light of recent efforts to design high-Q micrometer- and nanometer-scale electromechanical systems. The equations of linear thermoelasticity are used to give a simple derivation for thermoelastic damping of small flexural vibrations in thin beams. It is shown that ZenerÃ¢ÂÂs well-known approximation by a Lorentzian with a single thermal relaxation time slightly deviates from the exact expression.},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Physical Review B},
	author = {Lifshitz, Ron and Roukes, M. L.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {5600--5609}
}

@article{cleland_thermomechanical_2005,
	title = {Thermomechanical noise limits on parametric sensing with nanomechanical resonators},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1367-2630},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/7/1/235},
	doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/235},
	urldate = {2012-02-22},
	journal = {New Journal of Physics},
	author = {Cleland, A. N.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {235--235}
}

@article{naik_towards_2009,
	title = {Towards single-molecule nanomechanical mass spectrometry},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1748-3387},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.152},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2009.152},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Nat Nano},
	author = {Naik, A. K. and Hanay, M. S. and Hiebert, W. K. and Feng, X. L. and Roukes, M. L.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {445--450},
	annote = {10.1038/nnano.2009.152}
}

@article{fritz_translating_2000,
	title = {Translating biomolecular recognition into nanomechanics},
	volume = {288},
	shorttitle = {Translating biomolecular recognitionb into nanomechanics},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/Fritz_science_2000_biomolecular_recognition-0130134553/Fritz_science_2000_biomolecular_recognition.pdf},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Fritz, J. and Baller, M. K. and Lang, H. P. and Rothuizen, H. and Vettiger, P. and Meyer, E. and Guntherodt, HJ and Gerber, Ch. and Gimzewski, J. K.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {316--318}
}

@article{kemp_tunable_2005,
	title = {Tunable response nano-mechanical beam resonator},
	volume = {123-124},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424705002608},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2005.03.074},
	abstract = {A theoretical proposal is made to dynamically tune the frequency response function of a nano-mechanical beam resonator. The resonator is excited by a magneto-motive drive mechanism. The resonator features multiple drive electrodes with the ability to control the phase and magnitude of the excitation force at each electrode. This nano-resonator behaviour is desirable in the application of MEMS filters. It provides tunable null responses and can increase the relative stability of higher order resonant modes enabling higher operating frequencies. The proposal is supported with the technique of modal analysis and finite element results.},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Kemp, T. and Ward, M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Modal analysis, MEMS, Magneto-motive excitation, Nano-resonator},
	pages = {281--284}
}

@book{noauthor_tuned_nodate,
	title = {Tuned {Mass} {Dampers}},
	url = {http://www.deicon.com/Tuned_Mass_Damper.html},
	urldate = {2013-03-15}
}

@article{zalalutdinov_two-dimensional_2006,
	title = {Two-dimensional array of coupled nanomechanical resonators},
	volume = {88},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v88/i14/p143504_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2190448},
	abstract = {Two-dimensional arrays of coupled nanomechanical plate-type resonators were fabricated in single crystal silicon using e-beam lithography. Collective modes were studied using a double laser setup with independent positioning of the point laser drive and interferometric motion detector. The formation of a wide acoustic band has been demonstrated. Localization due to disorder (mistune) was identified as a parameter that limits the propagation of the elastic waves. We show that all 400 resonators in our 20ÃÂ20 array participate in the extended modes and estimate group velocity and density of states. Applications utilizing the resonator arrays for radio frequency signal processing are discussed.},
	number = {14},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Zalalutdinov, M. K. and Baldwin, J. W. and Marcus, M. H. and Reichenbach, R. B. and Parpia, J. M. and Houston, B. H.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {143504--143504--3}
}

@article{arlett_ultimate_2010,
	title = {Ultimate and practical limits of fluid-based mass detection with suspended microchannel resonators},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {00218979},
	url = {http://jap.aip.org/resource/1/japiau/v108/i8/p084701_s1},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.3475151},
	abstract = {Suspended microchannel resonators (SMRs) are an innovative approach to fluid-based microelectromechanical mass sensing that circumvents complete immersion of the sensor. By embedding the fluidics within the device itself, vacuum-based operation of the resonator becomes possible. This enables frequency shift-based mass detection with high quality factors, and hence sensitivity comparable to vacuum-based micromechanical resonators. Here we present a detailed analysis of the sensitivity of these devices, including consideration of fundamental and practical noise limits, and the important role of binding kinetics in sensing. We demonstrate that these devices show significant promise for protein detection. For larger, biologically-important targets such as rare whole virions, the required analysis time to flow sufficient sample through the sensor can become prohibitively long unless large parallel arrays of sensors or preconcentrators are employed.},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2012-09-06},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Arlett, J. L. and Roukes, M. L},
	month = oct,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {084701--084701--11}
}

@article{ekinci_ultimate_2004,
	title = {Ultimate limits to inertial mass sensing based upon nanoelectromechanical systems},
	volume = {95},
	shorttitle = {Ultimate limits to inertial mass sensing based upon nanoelectromechanical systems},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Ekinci, K. L. and Yang, Y. T. and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2004}
}

@article{li_ultra-sensitive_2007,
	title = {Ultra-sensitive {NEMS}-based cantilevers for sensing, scanned probe and very high-frequency applications},
	volume = {2},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2007 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {1748-3387},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v2/n2/full/nnano.2006.208.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2006.208},
	abstract = {Scanning probe microscopies (SPM) and cantilever-based sensors generally use low-frequency mechanical devices of microscale dimensions or larger. Almost universally, off-chip methods are used to sense displacement in these devices, but this approach is not suitable for nanoscale devices. Nanoscale mechanical sensors offer a greatly enhanced performance that is unattainable with microscale devices. Here we describe the fabrication and operation of self-sensing nanocantilevers with fundamental mechanical resonances up to very high frequencies (VHF). These devices use integrated electronic displacement transducers based on piezoresistive thin metal films, permitting straightforward and optimal nanodevice readout. This non-optical transduction enables applications requiring previously inaccessible sensitivity and bandwidth, such as fast SPM and VHF force sensing. Detection of 127 MHz cantilever vibrations is demonstrated with a thermomechanical-noise-limited displacement sensitivity of 39 fm HzÃ¢ÂÂ1/2. Our smallest devices, with dimensions approaching the mean free path at atmospheric pressure, maintain high resonance quality factors in ambient conditions. This enables chemisorption measurements in air at room temperature, with unprecedented mass resolution less than 1 attogram (10Ã¢ÂÂ18 g).},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2012-02-23},
	journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
	author = {Li, M. and Tang, H. X. and Roukes, M. L.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {114--120}
}

@article{peng_ultrahigh_2006,
	title = {Ultrahigh {Frequency} {Nanotube} {Resonators}},
	volume = {97},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.087203},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.087203},
	abstract = {We report carbon-nanotube-based electromechanical resonators with the fundamental mode frequency over 1.3 GHz, operated in air at room temperature. A new combination of drive and detection methods allows for unprecedented measurement of both oscillation amplitude and phase and elucidates the relative mobility of static charges near the nanotube. The resonator serves as an exceptionally sensitive mass detector capable of Ã¢ÂÂ¼10-18 g resolution.},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Peng, H. B. and Chang, C. W. and Aloni, S. and Yuzvinsky, T. D. and Zettl, A.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {087203}
}

@article{lee_ultrasensitive_2007,
	title = {Ultrasensitive mass balance based on a bulk acoustic mode single-crystal silicon resonator},
	volume = {91},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v91/i23/p234103_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	doi = {doi:10.1063/1.2822405},
	abstract = {A single-crystal silicon resonant bulk acoustic mass sensor with a measured resolution of 125 pg/cm2 is presented. The mass sensor comprises a micromachined silicon plate that is excited in the square-extensional bulk acoustic resonant mode at a frequency of 2.182 MHz, with a quality factor exceeding 106. The mass sensor has a measured mass to frequency shift sensitivity of 132 Hz cm2/ÃÂ¼g. The resonator element is embedded in a feedback loop of an electronic amplifier to implement an oscillator with a short term frequency stability of better than 7 ppb at an operating pressure of 3.8 mTorr.},
	number = {23},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Lee, J. E. -Y and Bahreyni, B. and Zhu, Y. and Seshia, A. A},
	month = dec,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {234103--234103--3}
}

@article{spletzer_ultrasensitive_2006-1,
	title = {Ultrasensitive mass sensing using mode localization in coupled microcantilevers},
	volume = {88},
	shorttitle = {Ultrasensitive mass sensing using mode localization in coupled microcantilevers},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Spletzer, M. and Raman, A. and Wu, A. Q. and Xu, X. and Reifenberger, R.},
	year = {2006}
}

@article{lassagne_ultrasensitive_2008,
	title = {Ultrasensitive {Mass} {Sensing} with a {Nanotube} {Electromechanical} {Resonator}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1530-6984},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl801982v},
	doi = {10.1021/nl801982v},
	abstract = {Shrinking mechanical resonators to submicrometer dimensions (?100 nm) has tremendously improved capabilities in sensing applications. In this Letter, we go further in size reduction using a 1 nm diameter carbon nanotube as a mechanical resonator for mass sensing. The performances, which are tested by measuring the mass of evaporated chromium atoms, are exceptional. The mass responsivity is measured to be 11 HzÃÂ·yg?1 and the mass resolution is 25 zg at room temperature (1 yg = 10?24 g and 1 zg = 10?21 g). By cooling the nanotube down to 5 K in a cryostat, the signal for the detection of mechanical vibrations is improved and corresponds to a resolution of 1.4 zg. Shrinking mechanical resonators to submicrometer dimensions (?100 nm) has tremendously improved capabilities in sensing applications. In this Letter, we go further in size reduction using a 1 nm diameter carbon nanotube as a mechanical resonator for mass sensing. The performances, which are tested by measuring the mass of evaporated chromium atoms, are exceptional. The mass responsivity is measured to be 11 HzÃÂ·yg?1 and the mass resolution is 25 zg at room temperature (1 yg = 10?24 g and 1 zg = 10?21 g). By cooling the nanotube down to 5 K in a cryostat, the signal for the detection of mechanical vibrations is improved and corresponds to a resolution of 1.4 zg.},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Nano Lett.},
	author = {Lassagne, B. and Garcia-Sanchez, D. and Aguasca, A. and Bachtold, A.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {3735--3738},
	annote = {doi: 10.1021/nl801982v}
}

@article{thiruvenkatanathan_ultrasensitive_2010,
	title = {Ultrasensitive mode-localized mass sensor with electrically tunable parametric sensitivity},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {00036951},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB/v96/i8/p081913/s1&Agg=doi},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3315877},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2013-03-12},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Thiruvenkatanathan, P. and Yan, J. and Woodhouse, J. and Aziz, A. and Seshia, A. A.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {081913}
}

@article{ekinci_ultrasensitive_2004,
	title = {Ultrasensitive nanoelectromechanical mass detection},
	volume = {84},
	shorttitle = {Ultrasensitive nanoelectromechanical mass detection},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ekinci, K. L. and Huang, X. M. H. and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2004}
}

@article{kadam_use_2006,
	title = {Use of thermally induced higher order modes of a microcantilever for mercury vapor detection},
	volume = {99},
	issn = {0021-8979},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2194128},
	abstract = {We demonstrate the use of thermally induced higher order modes of a microcantilever as an alternate detection technique by studying Au \#x2013;Hg interactions. The first four thermally induced flexural modes (i.e., the fundamental and first three higher order modes) have been examined for two different Au coatings. In the first case, {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater50{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaternm{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater thick Au is sputter deposited along the entire length of a rectangular Si microcantilever. In the second case the Au is confined to a {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater30{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater \#x3bc;{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterm{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater length at the tip of the Si microcantilever. In both cases the microcantilever spectral response and deflection has been studied as a function of Hg concentration and total exposure time. For the low doses studied, the higher order modes show a distinct Hg sensing response whereas the fundamental mode does not. The frequency shift for the fourth order mode for a total exposure of {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater300{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaters{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater to approximately {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater15{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterppb{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater Hg in {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterN{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater$_{\textrm{2}}$\${\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater is found to be {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater-320{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater and {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater-70{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterHz{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater for the first and second cases, respectively.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	author = {Kadam, A. R. and Nordin, G. P. and George, M. A.},
	month = may,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {microsensors, gold, silicon, cantilevers, elemental semiconductors, gas sensors, vibrational modes, sputtered coatings},
	pages = {094905 --094905--4}
}

@article{burg_vacuum-packaged_2006,
	title = {Vacuum-{Packaged} {Suspended} {Microchannel} {Resonant} {Mass} {Sensor} for {Biomolecular} {Detection}},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1057-7157},
	doi = {10.1109/JMEMS.2006.883568},
	abstract = {There is a great need in experimental biology for tools to study interactions between biological molecules and to profile expression levels of large numbers of proteins. This paper describes the fabrication, packaging and testing of a resonant mass sensor for the detection of biomolecules in a microfluidic format. The transducer employs a suspended microchannel as the resonating element, thereby avoiding the problems of damping and viscous drag that normally degrade the sensitivity of resonant sensors in liquid. Our device differs from a vibrating tube densitometer in that the channel is very thin, which enables the detection of molecules that bind to the channel walls; this provides a path to specificity via molecular recognition by immobilized receptors. The fabrication is based on a sacrificial polysilicon process with low-stress low-pressure chemical-vapor deposited (LPCVD) silicon nitride as the structural material, and the resonator is vacuum packaged on the wafer scale using glass frit bonding. Packaged resonators exhibit a sensitivity of 0.8 ppm/(ngmiddotcm2) and a mechanical quality factor of up to 700. To the best of our knowledge, this quality factor is among the highest so far reported for resonant sensors with comparable surface mass sensitivity in liquid},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
	author = {Burg, T. P. and Mirza, A. R. and Milovic, N. and Tsau, C. H. and Popescu, G. A. and Foster, J. S. and Manalis, S. R.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {microsensors, Testing, Resonance, biological molecules, Biomedical transducers, biomolecular detection, Biosensors, chemical transducers, chemical vapour deposition, density measurement, Fabrication, immobilized receptors, low-stress low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition, LPCVD, mass measurement, mass sensor, mass sensor packaging, mass sensor testing, microbalance, Microchannel, microchannel resonant mass sensor, microfluidic format, microfluidics, Molecular biophysics, Packaging, polysilicon process, Proteins, Q factor, Q-factor, Sensor phenomena and characterization, vacuum packaging, wafer level packaging},
	pages = {1466--1476}
}

@article{thundat_vapor_1995-1,
	title = {Vapor detection using resonating microcantilevers},
	volume = {67},
	shorttitle = {Vapor detection using resonating microcantilevers},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/thundat_analytical chemistry_1995_vapor detection using resonating cantilevers-1472312345/thundat_analytical chemistry_1995_vapor detection using resonating cantilevers.pdf},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	author = {Thundat, T. and Chen, G. Y. and Warmack, R. J. and Allison, D. P. and Wachter, E. A.},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {519--521}
}

@book{wang_vehicle_2010,
	series = {Woodhead {Publishing} in mechanical engineering},
	title = {Vehicle {Noise} and {Vibration} {Refinement}},
	isbn = {978-1-84569-804-1},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=AJFwAgAAQBAJ},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science},
	author = {Wang, X.},
	year = {2010}
}

@book{matlab_version_2011,
	address = {Natick, Massachusetts},
	title = {version 7.12.0.635 ({R}2011a)},
	publisher = {The MathWorks Inc.},
	author = {{MATLAB}},
	year = {2011}
}

@book{matlab_version_2013,
	address = {Natick, Massachusetts},
	title = {version 8.1.0.604 ({R}2013a)},
	publisher = {The MathWorks Inc.},
	author = {{MATLAB}},
	year = {2013}
}

@phdthesis{li_very_2007,
	address = {Pasadena, CA, USA},
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Very high frequency nanoelectromechanical resonators and their chemical sensing applications},
	url = {http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05212007-112803},
	abstract = {Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have been proven to be ultrasensitive sensors for a variety of physical variables with unprecedented sensitivity, including force, mass, electrical charge, magnetic field, pressure, and heat. This thesis is intended to discuss using NEMS devices as chemical gas sensors, in a portable and compact total chemical analysis system. An integrated transduction method using piezoresistive metallic thin film is described, which enables both fabrication and operation of nanoscale NEMS resonator devices with resonance frequency up to very high frequency (VHF). The advantages over using traditional doped semiconductor film as piezoresistive material is discussed. Performance and noise properties of the devices are carefully characterized. The dependence between quality factor, device dimension, and pressure is studied, and very high quality factor is obtained with devices at nanoscale dimensions, indicating advantages over their microscale counterparts. Subsequently, the resonator devices are employed as a mass sensor, demonstrating attogram scale mass sensitivity in ambient conditions. Application of these devices as detectors in a gas chromatographic (GC) system is then described, together with method of coating them with functional polymeric film. Detection of multiple analytes of nerve gas simulants with ultrahigh speed, superior sensitivity, and excellent selectivity is achieved. The replacement of conventional bulky detectors with an NEMS detector makes fully integrated microscale gas analysis system possible, which has promising potential applications in health care, medical science, and environmental science.},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	school = {California Institute of Technology},
	author = {Li, M.},
	year = {2007}
}

@article{feng_very_2007,
	title = {Very {High} {Frequency} {Silicon} {Nanowire} {Electromechanical} {Resonators}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1530-6984},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0706695},
	doi = {10.1021/nl0706695},
	abstract = {We demonstrate very high frequency (VHF) nanomechanical resonators based upon single-crystal silicon nanowires (SiNWs), which are prepared by the bottom-up chemical synthesis. Metallized SiNW resonators operating near 200 MHz are realized with quality factor Q Ã¢ÂÂ 2000?2500. Pristine SiNWs, with fundamental resonances as high as 215 MHz, are measured using a VHF readout technique that is optimized for these high resistance devices. The pristine resonators provide the highest Q's, as high as Q Ã¢ÂÂ 13?100 for an 80 MHz device. SiNWs excel at mass sensing; characterization of their mass responsivity and frequency stability demonstrates sensitivities approaching 10 zeptograms. These SiNW resonators offer significant potential for applications in resonant sensing, quantum electromechanical systems, and high frequency signal processing. We demonstrate very high frequency (VHF) nanomechanical resonators based upon single-crystal silicon nanowires (SiNWs), which are prepared by the bottom-up chemical synthesis. Metallized SiNW resonators operating near 200 MHz are realized with quality factor Q Ã¢ÂÂ 2000?2500. Pristine SiNWs, with fundamental resonances as high as 215 MHz, are measured using a VHF readout technique that is optimized for these high resistance devices. The pristine resonators provide the highest Q's, as high as Q Ã¢ÂÂ 13?100 for an 80 MHz device. SiNWs excel at mass sensing; characterization of their mass responsivity and frequency stability demonstrates sensitivities approaching 10 zeptograms. These SiNW resonators offer significant potential for applications in resonant sensing, quantum electromechanical systems, and high frequency signal processing.},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Nano Lett.},
	author = {Feng, X. L. and He, Rongrui and Yang, Peidong and Roukes, M. L.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1953--1959},
	annote = {doi: 10.1021/nl0706695}
}

@article{buser_very_1990,
	title = {Very high {Q}-factor resonators in monocrystalline silicon},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092442479085064B},
	doi = {10.1016/0924-4247(90)85064-B},
	abstract = {A monocrystalline silicon resonant structure is presented here, which shows an extraordinarily high Q factor of 600 000. The dependence of resonance frequency and Q factor on nitrogen pressure is measured and a theoretical curve is calculated for the Q factor. Moreover, both the frequency and the Q factor are measured as a function of temperature, and the temperature co-efficient of the shear modulus G is calculated. Some comments on external and internal damping of these structures are given.},
	number = {1-3},
	urldate = {2014-02-22},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Buser, R. A. and De Rooij, N. F.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1990},
	pages = {323--327}
}

@article{huang_vhf_2005,
	title = {{VHF}, {UHF} and microwave frequency nanomechanical resonators},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1367-2630},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/7/1/247},
	doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/247},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {New Journal of Physics},
	author = {Huang, X M H and Feng, X L and Zorman, C A and Mehregany, M and Roukes, M L},
	month = nov,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {247--247}
}

@inproceedings{lin_vibrating_2005,
	address = {Vancouver, Canada},
	title = {Vibrating {Micromechanical} {Resonators} {With} {Solid} {Dielectric} {Capacitive} {Transducer} {Gaps}},
	booktitle = {Joint {IEEE} {Int}. {Frequency} {Control}/{Precision} {Time} \& {Time} {Interval} {Symposium}},
	author = {Lin, Yu-Wei and Li, Sheng-Shian and Xie, Yuan and Ren, Zeying and Nguyen, Clark T.-C.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {128--134}
}

@book{preumont_vibration_2011-1,
	title = {Vibration {Control} of {Active} {Structures}},
	isbn = {978-94-007-2033-6},
	abstract = {This text is an introduction to the dynamics of active structures and to the feedback control of lightly damped flexible structures; the emphasis is placed on basic issues and simple control strategies that work.Now in its third edition, more chapters have been added, and comments and feedback from readers have been taken into account, while at the same time the unique premise of bridging the gap between structure and control has remained. Many examples and problems bring the subject to life and take the audience from theory to practice.The book has chapters dealing with some concepts in structural dynamics; electromagnetic and piezoelectric transducers; piezoelectric beam, plate and truss; passive damping with piezoelectric transducers; collocated versus non-collocated control; active damping with collocated systems; vibration isolation; state space approach; analysis and synthesis in the frequency domain; optimal control; controllability and observability; stability; applications; tendon control of cable structures; active control of large telescopes; and semi-active control. The book concludes with an exhaustive bibliography and index. This book is intended for structural engineers who want to acquire some background in vibration control; it can be used as a textbook for a graduate course on vibration control or active structures. A solutions manual is available through the publisher to teachers using this book as a textbook.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Preumont, A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General), Science / Mechanics / General, Technology \& Engineering / Materials Science}
}

@article{igusa_vibration_1994,
	title = {Vibration {Control} {Using} {Multiple} {Tuned} {Mass} {Dampers}},
	volume = {175},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X84713411},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1994.1341},
	abstract = {This paper examines multiple tuned mass dampers (TMD's) with natural frequencies distributed over a frequency range. An integral form for the impedance is developed by asymptotic techniques. The result is used to analyze the vibration control capabilities of multiple TMD's for structures subjected to wide-band input. Calculus of variations is used to optimize the design of the TMD's with a constraint on the total mass. It is found that multiple TMD's can be more effective and more robust than a single TMD with equal total mass.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Igusa, T. and Xu, K.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {491--503}
}

@article{nagem_vibration_1998-1,
	title = {Vibration {Damping} by a {Continuous} {Distribution} of {Undamped} {Oscillators}},
	volume = {207},
	shorttitle = {Vibration {Damping} by a {Continuous} {Distribution} of {Undamped} {Oscillators}},
	journal = {J. Sound Vib.},
	author = {Nagem, R. J. and Veljkovic, I. and Sandri, G.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {429--434},
	annote = {3}
}

@article{nagem_vibration_1997,
	title = {Vibration {Damping} by a {Continuous} {Distribution} of {Undamped} {Oscillators}},
	volume = {207},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X97911627},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1997.1162},
	abstract = {No abstract},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-02-27},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Nagem, R.J. and Veljkovic, I. and Sandri, G.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1997},
	pages = {429--434}
}

@article{feit_vibration_1996,
	title = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures},
	volume = {99},
	shorttitle = {Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures},
	journal = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
	author = {Feit, M. Strasberg and {D.}},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {335}
}

@book{silva_vibration_2007-1,
	title = {Vibration {Damping}, {Control}, and {Design}},
	isbn = {978-1-4200-5322-7},
	abstract = {Reducing and controlling the level of vibration in a mechanical system leads to an improved work environment and product quality, reduced noise, more economical operation, and longer equipment life. Adequate design is essential for reducing vibrations, while damping and control methods help further reduce and manipulate vibrations when design strategies reach their limits. There are also useful types of vibration, which may require enhancement or control. Vibration Damping, Control, and Design balances theoretical and application-oriented coverage to enable optimal vibration and noise suppression and control in nearly any system.Drawn from the immensely popular Vibration and Shock Handbook, each expertly crafted chapter of this book includes convenient summary windows, tables, graphs, and lists to provide ready access to the important concepts and results. Working systematically from general principles to specific applications, coverage spans from theory and experimental techniques in vibration damping to isolation, passive control, active control, and structural dynamic modification. The book also discusses specific issues in designing for and controlling vibrations and noise such as regenerative chatter in machine tools, fluid-induced vibration, hearing and psychological effects, instrumentation for monitoring, and statistical energy analysis. This carefully edited work strikes a balance between practical considerations, design issues, and experimental techniques.Complemented by design examples and case studies, Vibration Damping, Control, and Design builds a deep understanding of the concepts and demonstrates how to apply these principles to real systems.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Silva, Clarence W. de},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Mechanical, Science / Mechanics / Dynamics, Science / Mechanics / General}
}

@article{hodges_vibration_1983-1,
	title = {Vibration isolation from irregularity in a nearly periodic structure: {Theory} and measurements},
	volume = {74},
	shorttitle = {Vibration isolation from irregularity in a nearly periodic structure},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/74/894/1},
	doi = {10.1121/1.389847},
	abstract = {This article describes the theory and a simple experiment carried out to demonstrate the phenomenon of Anderson localization in an acoustical context. This is an effect whereby the propagation of vibration in a structure which is not entirely regular is impeded by the irregularities, giving rise on the average to an exponential decay of vibration level away from the driving point, even in the absence of any dissipation. The structure used in the experiment was a stretched string with masses attached to it. This string was studied with regular spacings of the masses and after the masses had been moved in a controlled way to provide a small degree of irregularity. In both cases, the transmission of energy from end to end of the string was measured as a function of frequency, and also the mode shapes in the second and fourth passbands were measured so as to demonstrate the underlying physics of the localization phenomenon, in which the individual modes making up each passband change from being extended throughout the structure in the regular case to being localized in specific areas of the structure in the presence of irregularity. All measurements yielded satisfactory agreement with the theoretical predictions.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Hodges, C. H. and Woodhouse, J.},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {894--905}
}

@inproceedings{judge_vibration_2005,
	address = {Long Beach, California, USA},
	title = {Vibration {Localization} in {Near}-{Periodic} {Coupled} {Two}-{Dimensional} {Resonator} {Arrays}},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/DETC2005-84855},
	doi = {10.1115/DETC2005-84855},
	abstract = {The effects of small deviations from periodicity on the vibration behavior of coupled arrays of mechanical resonators are investigated, and the consequences for energy propagation across such arrays are described. Existing localization theory is applied to demonstrate that one-dimensional arrays designed as bandpass filters are particularly sensitive to aperiodicity when narrow passband requirements dictate weak inter-resonator coupling. A novel two-dimensional array of resonators is proposed that is less sensitive to disorder than one-dimensional arrays, improving filter performance without the need for improved manufacturing tolerances. Numerical simulations of a simple model are employed to demonstrate the effects of disorder on one- and two-dimensional arrays, and a case study design is discussed that includes statistical investigation using finite-element analysis and experimental measurements of a prototype two-dimensional array.},
	urldate = {2013-04-01},
	booktitle = {Volume 1: 20th {Biennial} {Conference} on {Mechanical} {Vibration} and {Noise}, {Parts} {A}, {B}, and {C}},
	author = {Judge, J. A. and Vignola, J. F. and Houston, B. H. and Photiadis, D. M. and Marcus, M. H.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {2495--2504}
}

@book{timoshenko_vibration_1937-1,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	title = {Vibration {Problems} in {Engineering}},
	isbn = {9871406774658},
	abstract = {VIBRATION PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING by S. TIMOSHENKO Professor of Theoretical and Engineering Mechanics Stanford University. Second edition published in may 1937. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION: In the preparation of the manuscript for the second edition of the book, the authors desire was not only to bring the book up to date by including some new material but also to make it more suitable for teaching purposes. With this in view, the first part of the book was entirely re written and considerably enlarged. A number of examples and problems with solutions or with answers were included, and in many places new material was added. The principal additions are as follows In the first chapter a discussion of forced vibration with damping not proportional to velocity is included, and an article on self-excited vibration. In the chapter on non-linear sys tems an article on the method of successive approximations is added and it is shown how the method can be used in discussing free and forced vibrations of systems with non-linear characteristics. The third chapter is made more complete by including in it a general discussion of the equation of vibratory motion of systems with variable spring characteristics. The fourth chapter, dealing with systems having several degrees of freedom, is also Considerably enlarged by adding a general discussion of systems with viscous damping an article on stability of motion with an application in studying vibration of a governor of a steam engine an article on whirling of a rotating shaft due to hysteresis and an article on the theory of damp ing vibration absorbers. There are also several additions in the chapter on torsional and lateral vibrations of shafts. The author takes this opportunity to thank his friends who assisted in various ways in the preparation of the manuscript and particularly Professor L. S. Jacobsen, who read over the complete manuscript and made many valuable suggestions, and Dr. J. A. Wojtaszak, who checked problems of the first chapter. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION: With the increase of size and velocity in modern machines, the analysis of vibration problems becomes more and more important in mechanical engineering design. It is well known that problems of great practical significance, such as the balancing of machines, the torsional vibration of shafts and of geared systems, the vibrations of turbine blades and turbine discs, the whirling of rotating shafts, the vibrations of railway track and bridges under the action of rolling loads, the vibration of foundations, can be thoroughly understood only on the basis of the theory of vibration. Only by using this theory can the most favorable design proportions be found which will remove the working conditions of the machine as far as possible from the critical conditions at which heavy vibrations may occur. In the present book, the fundamentals of the theory of vibration are developed, and their application to the solution of technical problems is illustrated by various examples, taken, in many cases, from actual experience with vibration of machines and structures in service. In developing this book, the author has followed the lectures on vibration given by him to the mechanical engineers of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company during the year 1925, and also certain chapters of his previously published book on the theory of elasticity. The contents of the book in general are as follows The first chapter is devoted to the discussion of harmonic vibrations of systems with one degree of freedom. The general theory of free and forced vibration is discussed, and the application of this theory to balancing machines and vibration-recording instruments is shown...},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {D. Van Nostrand Company},
	author = {Timoshenko, S.},
	month = may,
	year = {1937},
	keywords = {Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General), Vibration, Applied, Mechanics}
}

@article{kitis_vibration_1983-1,
	title = {Vibration reduction over a frequency range},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X83903577},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(83)90357-7},
	abstract = {An efficient optimal design algorithm for minimizing the vibratory response of a multi-degree of freedom system under sinusoidal loading over several excitation frequencies is presented. The method is applicable to large scale dynamic systems because it incorporates an effective time-saving reanalysis approach to compute cost function and cost function derivatives. In particular, the efficiency of the method is demonstrated by applying it to the problem of designing two dynamic vibration absorbers simultaneously applied to an undamped cantilever beam.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-07-01},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Kitis, L. and Wang, B.P. and Pilkey, W.D.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1983},
	pages = {559--569}
}

@patent{frahm_vibrations_1911-1,
	title = {Vibrations of {Bodies}},
	nationality = {United States},
	number = {989958},
	urldate = {2012-09-18},
	author = {Frahm, Hermann},
	year = {1911}
}

@article{gunter_viral_2003,
	title = {Viral detection using an embedded piezoresistive microcantilever sensor},
	volume = {107},
	issn = {0924-4247},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424703003790},
	doi = {10.1016/S0924-4247(03)00379-0},
	abstract = {The detection of aerosol-based vaccinia virus and solution-based vaccinia virus has been studied using a new type of microsensor design. In the embedded piezoresistive microcantilever (EPM) sensor, a tiny piezoresistive microcantilever is embedded or partially embedded into an active sensing material whose volumetric response to the presence of an analyte is recorded as a strain in the cantilever, and subsequent change in the resistance of the cantilever. In one set of experiments, a composite consisting of poly(ethylene oxide), or PEO, combined with vaccinia antibody was used as the active sensing material. In aerosol exposures, this sensor produced a distinct signal owing to vaccinia virus adsorption/incorporation. In addition, experiments using a piezoresistive microcantilever in direct contact with a pure antibody layer in solution were also performed to detect vaccinia virus in solution. Again, a clear and distinct analyte signals obtained.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-09-07},
	journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
	author = {Gunter, R. L. and Cady, W. G. and Manygoats, K. and Kooser, A. and Porter, T. L.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Embedded, Microcantilever, Piezoresistive, Vaccinia},
	pages = {219--224}
}

@article{ilic_virus_2004,
	title = {Virus detection using nanoelectromechanical devices},
	volume = {85},
	issn = {0003-6951},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1794378},
	abstract = {We have used a resonating mechanical cantilever to detect immunospecific binding of viruses, captured from liquid. As a model virus, we used a nonpathogenic insect baculovirus to test the ability to specifically bind and detect small numbers of virus particles. Arrays of surface micromachined, antibody-coated polycrystalline silicon nanomechanical cantilever beams were used to detect binding from various concentrations of baculoviruses in a buffer solution. Because of their small mass, the {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater0.5{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater \#x3bc;{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterm{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater \#xd7;6{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater \#x3bc;{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterm{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater cantilevers have mass sensitivities on the order of {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater10$^{\textrm{-19}}$\${\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterg{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater/{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterHz{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater, enabling the detection of an immobilized AcV1 antibody monolayer corresponding to a mass of about {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater3 \#xd7;10$^{\textrm{-15}}$\${\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterg{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater. With these devices, we can detect the mass of single-virus particles bound to the cantilever. Resonant frequency shift resulting from the adsorbed mass of the virus particles distinguished solutions of virus concentrations varying between {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater10$^{\textrm{5}}$\${\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater and {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater10$^{\textrm{7}}$\${\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterpfu{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater/{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterml{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater. Control experiments using buffer solutions without baculovirus showed small amounts {\textbackslash}textlessequation{\textbackslash}textgreater( \#x226A;50{\textbackslash}textlessspan style="font-size: .5em;"{\textbackslash}textgreater nbsp;{\textbackslash}textless/span{\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textlessfont face='roman'{\textbackslash}textgreaterattograms{\textbackslash}textless/font{\textbackslash}textgreater){\textbackslash}textless/equation{\textbackslash}textgreater of nonspecific adsorption to the antibody layer.},
	number = {13},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ilic, B. and Yang, Y. and Craighead, H. G.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, adsorption, silicon, Biosensors, Molecular biophysics, micromachining, micromechanical resonators, elemental semiconductors, microorganisms, surface chemistry},
	pages = {2604 --2606}
}

@book{noauthor_viscoelastic_nodate,
	title = {Viscoelastic {Tuned} {Mass} {Dampers}},
	url = {http://www.deicon.com/resource-library/},
	urldate = {2013-03-15}
}

@article{mead_wave_1975,
	title = {Wave propagation and natural modes in periodic systems: {I}. {Mono}-coupled systems},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	shorttitle = {Wave propagation and natural modes in periodic systems},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X75802276},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-460X(75)80227-6},
	abstract = {In this paper the relationship is studied between the bounding frequencies of the propagation zones of mono-coupled periodic systems and the natural frequencies of the individual elements of which the system is composed. It is also shown how these relate to the natural frequencies of finite mono-coupled periodic systems. The concept of the characteristic receptance of a free wave in the periodic system is developed, and the manner in which this receptance varies with frequency is studied. It is used to examine the attenuation and phasechange undergone by a free wave when it impinges on and is reflected from a non-dissipative boundary. This leads on to a simple physical explanation for the occurrence of natural frequencies of finite systems in either the attenuation zones or propagation zones of the infinite system. Distinction is drawn between systems whose elements are symmetric or unsymmetric, positive-definite or semi-definite.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-03-07},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Mead, D. J.},
	month = may,
	year = {1975},
	pages = {1--18}
}

@book{brillouin_wave_2003,
	title = {Wave {Propagation} in {Periodic} {Structures}: {Electric} {Filters} and {Crystal} {Lattices}},
	isbn = {978-0-486-49556-9},
	shorttitle = {Wave {Propagation} in {Periodic} {Structures}},
	abstract = {Classic treatment of wave propagation covers a broad variety of problems with a common mathematical background, from solid state physics to propagation along electric lines, X-rays, rest rays, certain optical reflections, electrical engineering, and wave mechanics of the spinning electron. "Delightfully written." Ã¢ÂÂ Max Born. 131 illustrations. 1946 edition.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Courier Dover Publications},
	author = {Brillouin, L.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Science / Waves \& Wave Mechanics, Technology \& Engineering / Electrical, Art / General, Science / Physics / General}
}

@article{pierre_weak_1990,
	title = {Weak and strong vibration localization in disordered structures: {A} statistical investigation},
	volume = {139},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X9090779Y},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(90)90779-Y},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Pierre, C.},
	month = may,
	year = {1990},
	pages = {111--132}
}

@article{burg_weighing_2007,
	title = {Weighing of biomolecules, single cells and single nanoparticles in fluid},
	volume = {446},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2007 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v446/n7139/full/nature05741.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nature05741},
	abstract = {Nanomechanical resonators enable the measurement of mass with extraordinary sensitivity. Previously, samples as light as 7 zeptograms (1 zg = 10-21 g) have been weighed in vacuum, and proton-level resolution seems to be within reach. Resolving small mass changes requires the resonator to be light and to ring at a very pure toneÃ¢ÂÂthat is, with a high quality factor. In solution, viscosity severely degrades both of these characteristics, thus preventing many applications in nanotechnology and the life sciences where fluid is required. Although the resonant structure can be designed to minimize viscous loss, resolution is still substantially degraded when compared to measurements made in air or vacuum. An entirely different approach eliminates viscous damping by placing the solution inside a hollow resonator that is surrounded by vacuum. Here we demonstrate that suspended microchannel resonators can weigh single nanoparticles, single bacterial cells and sub-monolayers of adsorbed proteins in water with sub-femtogram resolution (1 Hz bandwidth). Central to these results is our observation that viscous loss due to the fluid is negligible compared to the intrinsic damping of our silicon crystal resonator. The combination of the low resonator mass (100 ng) and high quality factor (15,000) enables an improvement in mass resolution of six orders of magnitude over a high-end commercial quartz crystal microbalance. This gives access to intriguing applications, such as mass-based flow cytometry, the direct detection of pathogens, or the non-optical sizing and mass density measurement of colloidal particles.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7139},
	urldate = {2012-09-09},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Burg, T. P. and Godin, M. and Knudsen, S. M. and Shen, W. and Carlson, G. and Foster, J. S. and Babcock, K. and Manalis, S. R.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {nanotechnology, Physics, pharmacology, evolutionary biology, ecology, astronomy, astrophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, biotechnology, cancer, cell cycle, cell signalling, climate change, computational biology, development, developmental biology, DNA, drug discovery, earth science, environmental science, evolution, functional genomics, genetics, genomics, geophysics, immunology, interdisciplinary science, life, marine biology, materials science, medical research, medicine, metabolomics, molecular biology, molecular interactions, nature, neurobiology, neuroscience, palaeobiology, proteomics, quantum physics, RNA, science, science news, science policy, signal transduction, structural biology, systems biology, transcriptomics},
	pages = {1066--1069}
}

@article{yang_zeptogram-scale_2006,
	title = {Zeptogram-{Scale} {Nanomechanical} {Mass} {Sensing}},
	volume = {6},
	shorttitle = {Zeptogram-{Scale} {Nanomechanical} {Mass} {Sensing}},
	url = {file://C:/Users/Analyst/Documents/vignolaendnote/vignola_ref.Data/PDF/yang_nano_let_2006-2893106690/yang_nano_let_2006.pdf},
	journal = {Nano Letters},
	author = {Yang, Y. T. and Callegari, C. and Feng, X. L. and Ekinci, K. L. and Rouke, M. L.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {583--586}
}

@article{bakre_optimum_2007,
	title = {Optimum parameters of tuned mass damper for damped main system},
	volume = {14},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1545-2263},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/stc.166},
	doi = {10.1002/stc.166},
	abstract = {A tuned mass damper (TMD) is a device consisting of small damped springÃ¢ÂÂmass system attached to a vibrating main system in order to attenuate any undesirable vibrations. In this paper, optimum parameters of TMD system attached to a viscously damped single degree-of-freedom main system are derived for various combinations of excitation and response parameters. The excitation applied to the main system consists of external force and base acceleration modelled as Gaussian white-noise random process. Using numerical searching technique, the optimum damping and tuning frequency ratio of the TMD are obtained for minimization of various mean square responses such as relative displacement, velocity of main mass and force transmitted to the support. The optimum parameters of the TMD system and the corresponding response quantities are obtained for different damping ratios of the main system and the mass ratios of the TMD system. Explicit formulae for damper damping, tuning frequency and the corresponding minimized response are then derived using curve-fitting technique that can be conveniently used for applications in dynamical systems. The error in these expressions is found to be negligible and hence these expressions are convenient for use in damped single degree-of-freedom main system. The optimum damping ratio of the TMD is not much influenced by the damping of the main system. However, the optimum tuning frequency of TMD is significantly affected by the damping of main system. Lastly, a comparison of the optimum damping and tuning frequency of the TMD under filtered white-noise and white-noise excitation is also made. Copyright ÃÂ© 2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-10-25},
	journal = {Structural Control and Health Monitoring},
	author = {Bakre, S. V. and Jangid, R. S.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {optimum parameters, error analysis, base excitation, curve-fitting, explicit formulae, force excitation, random, TMD, white-noise},
	pages = {448--470},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\878NCPVY\\stc.html:text/html}
}

@article{marian_optimal_2014,
	title = {Optimal design of a novel tuned mass-damperÃ¢ÂÂinerter ({TMDI}) passive vibration control configuration for stochastically support-excited structural systems},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {0266-8920},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266892014000216},
	doi = {10.1016/j.probengmech.2014.03.007},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a novel passive vibration control configuration, namely the tuned mass-damperÃ¢ÂÂinerter (TMDI), introduced as a generalization of the classical tuned mass-damper (TMD), to suppress the oscillatory motion of stochastically support excited mechanical cascaded (chain-like) systems. The TMDI takes advantage of the Ã¢ÂÂmass amplification effectÃ¢ÂÂ of the inerter, a two-terminal flywheel device developing resisting forces proportional to the relative acceleration of its terminals, to achieve enhanced performance compared to the classical TMD. Specifically, it is analytically shown that optimally designed TMDI outperforms the classical TMD in minimizing the displacement variance of undamped single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) white-noise excited primary structures. For this particular case, optimal TMDI parameters are derived in closed-form as functions of the TMD mass and the inerter constant. Furthermore, pertinent numerical data are furnished, derived by means of a numerical optimization procedure, for a 3-DOF classically damped primary structure base excited by stationary colored noise, which exemplify the effectiveness of the TMDI over the classical TMD to suppress the fundamental mode of vibration for MDOF structures. It is concluded that the incorporation of the inerter in the proposed TMDI configuration can either replace part of the TMD vibrating mass to achieve lightweight passive vibration control solutions, or improve the performance of the classical TMD for a given TMD mass.},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics},
	author = {Marian, Laurentiu and Giaralis, Agathoklis},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Inerter, Optimum design, Passive vibration control, Tuned mass damper},
	pages = {156--164},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\CRVNZF2N\\S0266892014000216.html:text/html;Submitted Version:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\4EW67DDB\\Marian and Giaralis - 2014 - Optimal design of a novel tuned mass-damperÃ¢ÂÂinerte.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@patent{miyake_floor_1992,
	title = {Floor vibration-damping apparatus},
	url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US5115615A/en},
	abstract = {A floor vibration-damping apparatus damps a horizontal vibration of a floor based on an earthquake or the like. This apparatus comprises a movable supporting portion for supporting a floor with being free to move horizontally, and a damper working portion made by a combination of a viscous damper fixed to a restricted position of the floor and a plurality of spring mechanisms positioned radiately with respect to the restricted position.},
	nationality = {US},
	assignee = {Takenaka Corp},
	number = {US5115615A},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	author = {Miyake, Hiraku and Ishiguro, Mitsuo and Abe, Shigetaka and Yamaguchi, Nobuo and Hayamizu, Yutaka and Aizawa, Satoru},
	month = may,
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {anti, end, floor, spring, vibration},
	annote = {Classifications
E04B1/98: Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
E04F15/024: Sectional false floors, e.g. computer floors
E04H9/021: Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
E04H9/023: Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings and comprising rolling elements, e.g. balls, pins},
	file = {Fulltext PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\GJ7XEIB3\\Miyake et al. - 1992 - Floor vibration-damping apparatus.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@patent{quaglia_brake_2004,
	title = {Brake assembly with tuned mass damper},
	url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20040074712A1/en?q=tuned&q=mass&q=damper&q=application&oq=tuned+mass+damper+application},
	nationality = {US},
	language = {en},
	assignee = {Ford Global Technologies LLC},
	number = {US20040074712A1},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	author = {Quaglia, Ronald and Swayze, James and Chen, Fang and Chern, Yitzong},
	month = apr,
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {backplate, hole, mass damper, spring member, tuned mass},
	annote = {Classifications
F16D65/092: Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
F16D65/0018: Dynamic vibration dampers, e.g. mass-spring systems
F16D65/095: Pivots or supporting members therefor
F16F7/104: Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted},
	file = {Fulltext PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\5XK5EN27\\Quaglia et al. - 2004 - Brake assembly with tuned mass damper.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@patent{marra_tuned_1994,
	title = {Tuned mass damper for integrally bladed turbine rotor},
	url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US5373922A/en?q=tuned&q=mass&q=damper&q=application&oq=tuned+mass+damper+application},
	nationality = {US},
	language = {en},
	assignee = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)},
	number = {US5373922A},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	author = {Marra, John J.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1994},
	keywords = {beams, damper, supports, turbine rotor, vibration},
	annote = {Classifications
F16F7/10: Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
F01D5/10: Anti- vibration means
Y10T464/50: Shafting having particular vibration dampening or balancing structure},
	file = {Fulltext PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ZSR3KR7N\\Marra - 1994 - Tuned mass damper for integrally bladed turbine ro.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@patent{__2010,
	title = {Ã¦Â°Â¸Ã§Â£ÂÃ¥Â¼ÂÃ§ÂÂµÃ¦Â¶Â¡Ã¦ÂµÂÃ¨Â°ÂÃ¨Â°ÂÃ¨Â´Â¨Ã©ÂÂÃ©ÂÂ»Ã¥Â°Â¼Ã¥ÂÂ¨},
	url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101761146A/en?q=eddy+current&q=tuned&q=mass&q=damper&oq=eddy+current+tuned+mass+damper},
	nationality = {CN},
	language = {zh},
	assignee = {Ã¦Â¹ÂÃ¥ÂÂÃ¥Â¤Â§Ã¥Â­Â¦},
	number = {CN101761146A},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	author = {Ã©ÂÂÃ¦ÂÂ¿Ã¦Â¸Â},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {connected, eddy current, mass, permanent, permanent magnet},
	file = {Fulltext PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\S4YXFYJE\\Ã©ÂÂÃ¦ÂÂ¿Ã¦Â¸Â - 2010 - Ã¦Â°Â¸Ã§Â£ÂÃ¥Â¼ÂÃ§ÂÂµÃ¦Â¶Â¡Ã¦ÂµÂÃ¨Â°ÂÃ¨Â°ÂÃ¨Â´Â¨Ã©ÂÂÃ©ÂÂ»Ã¥Â°Â¼Ã¥ÂÂ¨.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{bae_vibration_2005,
	title = {Vibration suppression of a cantilever beam using eddy current damper},
	volume = {284},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X04006522},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsv.2004.07.031},
	abstract = {This paper is concerned with a new modeling technique for the effective eddy current damper and vibration suppression of a beam using the eddy current damper. The eddy current damper consists of the permanent magnets and the conducting sheet. The relative motion between the magnets and the conducting sheet produces eddy currents thus resulting in the electromagnetic force, which turns out to be the damping force thus suppressing vibrations. The important advantage of the proposed eddy current damper is that it does not require any electronic devices and external power supplies. In the present study, the theoretical model for the eddy current damper is derived using the electromagnetic theory combined with the image method. The theoretical model enables us to estimate the damping augmented to the host structure as well as develop a design tool for the eddy current damper. It is found from the comparison with the experimental results that the theoretical model can predict the damping characteristics and the dynamic behavior of the structure. The theoretical and experimental results also showed that the vibration of the beam can be successfully suppressed by means of the eddy current damper.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Bae, Jae-Sung and Kwak, Moon K. and Inman, Daniel J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {805--824},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\E6XVKPTD\\S0022460X04006522.html:text/html}
}

@article{ruiz_risk-informed_2018,
	title = {Risk-informed optimization of the tuned mass-damper-inerter ({TMDI}) for the seismic protection of multi-storey building structures},
	volume = {177},
	issn = {0141-0296},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141029618308812},
	doi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.074},
	abstract = {The tuned mass-damper-inerter (TMDI) is a recently proposed passive vibration suppression device that couples the classical tuned mass-damper (TMD), comprising a secondary mass attached to the structure via a spring and dashpot, with an inerter. The latter is a two-terminal mechanical device developing a resisting force proportional to the relative acceleration of its terminals by the Ã¢ÂÂinertanceÃ¢ÂÂ constant. In a number of previous studies, optimally tuned TMDIs have been shown to outperform TMDs in mitigating earthquake-induced vibrations in building structures for the same pre-specified secondary mass. TMDI design in these studies involved simplified modeling assumptions, such as adopting a single performance objective and/or modeling seismic excitation as stationary stochastic process. This paper extends these efforts by examining a risk-informed TMDI optimization, adopting multiple objectives and using response history analysis and probabilistic life-cycle criteria to quantify performance. The first performance criterion, representing overall direct benefits, is the life-cycle cost of the system, composed of the upfront TMDI cost and the anticipated seismic losses over the lifetime of the structure. The second performance criterion, introducing risk-aversion attitudes into the design process, is the repair cost with a specific return period (i.e., probability of exceedance over the lifetime of the structure). The third performance criterion, accounting for practical constraints associated with the size of the inerter and its connection to the structure, is the inerter force with a specific return period. A particular variant of the design problem is also examined by combining the first and third performance criteria/objectives. A case study involving a 21-storey building constructed in Santiago, Chile shows that optimal TMDI configurations can accomplish simultaneous reduction of life-cycle and repair costs. However, these cost reductions come at the expense of increased inerter forces. It is further shown that connecting the inerter to lower floors provides considerable benefits across all examined performance criteria as the inerter is engaged in a more efficient way for the same inerter coefficient and attached mass ratios.},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	author = {Ruiz, R. and Taflanidis, A. A. and Giaralis, A. and Lopez-Garcia, D.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Cost-based optimization, Life-cycle analysis, Risk-informed optimal design, Tuned mass damper inerter},
	pages = {836--850},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\JMDHQCNK\\S0141029618308812.html:text/html}
}

@article{jehle_hydrodynamic_2019,
	title = {Hydrodynamic optimized vibration damper},
	volume = {440},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X18306758},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsv.2018.10.008},
	abstract = {This article adresses optimal vibration damping in a hydraulic device. First, a structure is presented, which is composed of cylindrical rigid bodies, connecting elements, and fluid fill. The equations of motion, which describe a one-dimensional pulsating Newtonian flow inside of the moving structure, are presented and discretized, as well as the corresponding flow tensions between flow and structure. Resulting vibratory and damping properties of the overall system are discussed. It is shown that there are optimization parameters for the design of a broadband frequency damper, namely, stiffness and the gap width between structural elements. Finally, a hardware implementation of the damping device is presented together with test results from experiments confirming the theoretical approach.},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Jehle, G. and Fidlin, A.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Damping, Fluid-structure interaction, Passive vibration control},
	pages = {100--112},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ZRZM83EV\\S0022460X18306758.html:text/html}
}

@article{nguyen_determination_2018,
	title = {Determination of optimal parameters of the tuned mass damper to reduce the torsional vibration of the shaft by using the principle of minimum kinetic energy},
	issn = {1464-4193},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1464419318804064},
	doi = {10.1177/1464419318804064},
	abstract = {In this paper, an analytical method is presented to determine the optimal parameters of the symmetric tuned mass damper, such as the ratio between natural frequency of tuned mass damper and shaft (tuning ratio) and the ratio of the viscous coefficient of tuned mass damper (damping ratio). The optimal parameters of tuned mass damper are applied to reduce the torsional vibration of the shaft based on consideration of the vibration duration and stability criterion. The dynamic equations of the shaft are provided via Lagrangian equations, and the optimal parameters of tuned mass damper are derived by using the principle of minimum kinetic energy. Analytical and numerical examples are implemented to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The analytical and numerical results indicate that the optimal parameters of tuned mass damper have significant effects in the torsional vibration reduction of the shaft.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics},
	author = {Nguyen, Duy-Chinh},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1464419318804064}
}

@article{wang_study_nodate,
	title = {Study on self-adjustable variable pendulum tuned mass damper},
	volume = {0},
	copyright = {ÃÂ© 2018 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1541-7808},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tal.1561},
	doi = {10.1002/tal.1561},
	abstract = {Pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) is usually used to control the horizontal vibration of a tall building. However, traditional PTMD is highly sensitive to frequency deviation and difficult to adjust its frequency. In order to improve this problem of traditional PTMD and protect a tall building more effectively, a novel PTMD, called self-adjustable variable pendulum tuned mass damper (SAVP-TMD), is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the acceleration ratio between TMD and primary structure, the SAVP-TMD can retune itself by varying the length of the pendulum according to the improved acceleration ratio-based adjustment algorithm. PTMD and primary structural accelerations are obtained from two accelerometers respectively, and the acceleration ratio is calculated in a microcontroller, then, the stepper motor will adjust the pendulum under the guidance of the microcontroller under a specific harmonic excitation. The improved acceleration ratio-based adjustment algorithm is proposed and compared to solve the nonconvergent retuning problem. The SAVP-TMD can be regarded as a passive damper including a frequency adjustment device. A single-degree-of-freedom structure model is used to verify the effectiveness of SAVP-TMD through both experimental study and numerical simulation. In order to further verify the effect of SAVP-TMD in the MDOF structure, a five-storey structure coupled with an SAVP-TMD is proposed as a case study. The results of experiment, simulation, and case study all show that SAVP-TMD can retune itself to the primary structural dominant frequency robustly, and the retuned PTMD has a better vibration control effect than the mistuned one.},
	language = {en},
	number = {0},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings},
	author = {Wang, Liangkun and Shi, Weixing and Zhou, Ying},
	keywords = {acceleration ratio, passive control, self-adjustable tuned mass damper, tall buildings, tuned mass damper, variable pendulum},
	pages = {e1561},
	annote = {e1561 TAL-18-0119.R2},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\3NTXGALZ\\tal.html:text/html}
}

@article{jacob_study_2018,
	title = {Study of {Combined} {Action} of {Coupled} {Tuned} {Liquid} and {Mass} {Damper} on {Earthquake} {Response} of {Buildings}},
	volume = {05},
	abstract = {The need to build flexible and slender buildings In this research we study the combined action of tuned that have relatively low damping properties has attracted liquid and mass damper. In the present scenario it is very engineers attention to look for efficient and economical important to have high rise building due to increase in techniques to control the vibration response of structures. population. The past experience in earthquake shows that Recently dampers have become more popular for vibration the building without damper is more prone to earthquake. control of structures, because of their safe, effective and This can be reduced by the installation of damper unit in the economical design. Combination of Tuned Liquid Damper and structure.},
	language = {en},
	number = {10},
	author = {Jacob, Nikhil V and Varkey, Minsu Mariyam and Michael, Jesmi and Reji, Nithin M and Philip, Er Vivek},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {8},
	file = {Jacob et al. - 2018 - Study of Combined Action of Coupled Tuned Liquid a.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\N4IAD4CH\\Jacob et al. - 2018 - Study of Combined Action of Coupled Tuned Liquid a.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{ramezani_application_2018,
	title = {Application of artificial neural networks in optimal tuning of tuned mass dampers implemented in high-rise buildings subjected to wind load},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1993-503X},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-018-0483-4},
	doi = {10.1007/s11803-018-0483-4},
	abstract = {High-rise buildings are usually considered as flexible structures with low inherent damping. Therefore, these kinds of buildings are susceptible to wind-induced vibration. Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) can be used as an effective device to mitigate excessive vibrations. In this study, Artificial Neural Networks is used to find optimal mechanical properties of TMD for high-rise buildings subjected to wind load. The patterns obtained from structural analysis of different multi degree of freedom (MDF) systems are used for training neural networks. In order to obtain these patterns, structural models of some systems with 10 to 80 degrees-of-freedoms are built in MATLAB/SIMULINK program. Finally, the optimal properties of TMD are determined based on the objective of maximum displacement response reduction. The Auto-Regressive model is used to simulate the wind load. In this way, the uncertainties related to wind loading can be taken into account in neural networkÃ¢ÂÂs outputs. After training the neural network, it becomes possible to set the frequency and TMD mass ratio as inputs and get the optimal TMD frequency and damping ratio as outputs. As a case study, a benchmark 76-story office building is considered and the presented procedure is used to obtain optimal characteristics of the TMD for the building.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration},
	author = {Ramezani, Meysam and Bathaei, Akbar and Ghorbani-Tanha, Amir K.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {artificial neural networks, auto-regressive model, optimal frequency and damping, tuned mass damper, wind load},
	pages = {903--915}
}

@article{sikora_modeling_2013,
	title = {Modeling and {Operational} {Analysis} of an {Automotive} {Shock} {Absorber} with a {Tuned} {Mass} {Damper} : {Acta} {Mechanica} et {Automatica}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2300-5319},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ama.2018.12.issue-3/ama-2018-0038/ama-2018-0038.xml},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Journal of Bialystock Technical University},
	author = {Sikora, Marian},
	year = {2013},
	file = {Modeling and Operational Analysis of an Automotive Shock Absorber with a Tuned Mass Damper \: Acta Mechanica et Automatica:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\NP4Q5U7Y\\ama-2018-0038.html:text/html}
}

@patent{dalrymple_techniques_2018,
	title = {Techniques for improving a fiber scanning system},
	url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180267295A1/en},
	abstract = {A fiber scanning system can have optimized performance by substantially matching the natural frequencies of the fiber scanning system's actuator and fiber optic scanning element. By matching the natural frequencies, the fiber scanning system can increase the maximum distance that the tip of the fiber optic scanning element may be driven relative to a resting position. Such an effect may be produced because matching the natural frequencies of the fiber scanner allows for larger amplitudes to be achieved. It should be noted that the natural frequency of the scanning system can be selected to avoid excitation frequencies that could destabilize the system. In this way, the system as a whole may act as a tuned mass damper or a tuned resonance structure, thereby improving scan performance while maintaining a stable scanning system.},
	nationality = {US},
	assignee = {Magic Leap Inc},
	number = {US20180267295A1},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	author = {DALRYMPLE, Timothy Mark and Lopez, Alejandro and JR, William K. Jones and Duenner, Andrew C.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {actuator, fiber, fiber optic, frequency, natural frequency},
	annote = {Classifications
G02B26/103: Scanning systems having movable or deformable optical fibres, light guides or waveguides as scanning elements
H04N7/22: Adaptations for optical transmission}
}

@patent{wilson_tuned_2018,
	title = {Tuned mass dampers in mirror base},
	url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180244205A1/en},
	abstract = {A motor vehicle includes mating features in a sheet metal of the motor vehicle, an exterior rear view mirror assembly fixedly secured to the motor vehicle, where the exterior rear view mirror assembly includes a structural base frame that mates to the mating features of the sheet metal at a mounting plane, and a tuned mass damper secured to the structural base frame adjacent to the mounting plane. In an example, a primary axis of movement of the tuned mass damper is at least one of substantially parallel with or substantially perpendicular to the mounting plane. In another example, the tuned mass damper is configured to dampen resonant vibrations being generated by the motor vehicle.},
	nationality = {US},
	assignee = {SMR Patents SARL},
	number = {US20180244205A1},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	author = {Wilson, Douglas},
	month = aug,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {mass damper, motor vehicle, mounting plane, shaft, tuned mass},
	annote = {Classifications
B60R1/12: Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
B60R1/06: Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior
F16F7/104: Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted},
	file = {Fulltext PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\NL55GCUG\\Wilson - 2018 - Tuned mass dampers in mirror base.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{zhang_novel_2018,
	title = {A novel semi-active tuned mass damper with tunable stiffness},
	doi = {10.1109/AIM.2018.8452301},
	abstract = {The effectiveness of the classical tuned mass damper is usually limited because of the narrow bandwidth of its working frequency and the mistuning from its optimal parameters. Therefore, a novel semi-active tuned mass damper is proposed herein, which is capable to extend its working frequency band through the stiffness tuning. The characteristic feature of this proposed tuned mass damper is that it employs a compact tunable stiffness mechanism, which can vary its stiffness by changing the number of active coils of springs in parallel and in series configurations. Moreover, the prototype presented in this paper is also able to achieve the real-time stiffness tuning during vibration by the implementation of a proper control law. The potential of the proposed tuned mass damper is investigated numerically under harmonic excitations. Simulated results indicate the presented prototype persists its damping properties in a wide range of vibration frequencies.},
	booktitle = {2018 {IEEE}/{ASME} {International} {Conference} on {Advanced} {Intelligent} {Mechatronics} ({AIM})},
	author = {Zhang, L. and Hong, L. and Dhupia, J. S. and Johnson, S. and Qaiser, Z. and Zhou, Z.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Coils, Damping, Harmonic analysis, Mathematical model, Prototypes, Springs, Vibrations},
	pages = {274--279},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\NS26X6PC\\8452301.html:text/html}
}

@article{sadek_method_1997,
	title = {A {Method} of {Estimating} the {Parameters} of {Tuned} {Mass} {Dampers} for {Seismic} {Applications}},
	volume = {26},
	copyright = {Copyright ÃÂ© 1997 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {1096-9845},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291096-9845%28199706%2926%3A6%3C617%3A%3AAID-EQE664%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Z},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199706)26:6<617::AID-EQE664>3.0.CO;2-Z},
	abstract = {The optimum parameters of tuned mass dampers (TMD) that result in considerable reduction in the response of structures to seismic loading are presented. The criterion used to obtain the optimum parameters is to select, for a given mass ratio, the frequency (tuning) and damping ratios that would result in equal and large modal damping in the first two modes of vibration. The parameters are used to compute the response of several single and multi-degree-of-freedom structures with TMDs to different earthquake excitations. The results indicate that the use of the proposed parameters reduces the displacement and acceleration responses significantly. The method can also be used in vibration control of tall buildings using the so-called Ã¢ÂÂmega-substructure configurationÃ¢ÂÂ, where substructures serve as vibration absorbers for the main structure. It is shown that by selecting the optimum TMD parameters as proposed in this paper, significant reduction in the response of tall buildings can be achieved. ÃÂ© 1997 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2018-10-31},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	author = {Sadek, Fahim and Mohraz, Bijan and Taylor, Andrew W. and Chung, Riley M.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {building technology, energy dissipation, passive control, seismic design, tall buildings, tuned mass dampers},
	pages = {617--635},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\XRCT32YP\\(SICI)1096-9845(199706)266617AID-EQE6643.0.html:text/html}
}

@article{smith_attenuation_1986,
	title = {{ATTENUATION} {OF} {PLATE} {FLEXURAL} {WAVES} {BY} {A} {LAYER} {OF} {DYNAMIC} {ABSORBERS}},
	url = {https://trid.trb.org/view/428333},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	author = {Smith, T. L. and Rao, K. and Dyer, I.},
	year = {1986},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\EX6P4NKV\\428333.html:text/html}
}

@article{heckl_wave_1961,
	title = {Wave {Propagation} on {Beam}Ã¢ÂÂ{Plate} {Systems}},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {https://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.1908750},
	doi = {10.1121/1.1908750},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Heckl, Manfred},
	month = may,
	year = {1961},
	pages = {640--651},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\TC9A54X3\\1.html:text/html}
}

@article{hagood_damping_1991,
	title = {Damping of structural vibrations with piezoelectric materials and passive electrical networks},
	volume = {146},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X91907629},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(91)90762-9},
	abstract = {The possibility of dissipating mechanical energy with piezoelectric material shunted with passive electrical circuits is investigated. The effective mechanical impedance for the piezoelectric element shunted by an arbitrary circuit is derived. The shunted piezoelectric is shown to possess frequency dependent stiffness and loss factor which are also dependent on the shunting circuit. The generally shunted model is specialized for two shunting circuits: the case of a resistor alone and that of a resistor and inductor. For resistive shunting, the material properties exhibit frequency dependence similar to viscoelastic materials, but are much stiffer and more independent of temperature. Shunting with a resistor and inductor introduces an electrical resonance, which can be optimally tuned to structural resonances in a manner analogous to a mechanical vibration absorber. Techniques for analyzing systems which incorporate these shunting cases are presented and applied to a cantilevered beam experiment. The experimental results for both the resistive and resonant shunting circuits validate the shunted piezoelectric damping models.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Hagood, N. W. and von Flotow, A.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1991},
	pages = {243--268},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\MMGBK5IE\\0022460X91907629.html:text/html}
}

@article{hagood_modelling_1990,
	title = {Modelling of {Piezoelectric} {Actuator} {Dynamics} for {Active} {Structural} {Control}},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {1045-389X},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X9000100305},
	doi = {10.1177/1045389X9000100305},
	abstract = {The paper models the effects of dynamic coupling between a structure and an electrical network through the piezoelectric effect. The coupled equations of motion of an arbitrary elastic structure with piezoelectric elements and passive electronics are derived. State space models are developed for three important cases: direct voltage driven electrodes, direct charge driven electrodes, and an indirect drive case where the piezoelec tric electrodes are connected to an arbitrary electrical circuit with embedded voltage and current sources. The equations are applied to the case of a cantilevered beam with surface mounted piezoceramics and indirect voltage and current drive. The theoretical derivations are validated experimentally on an actively controlled cantilevered beam test article with indirect voltage drive.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
	author = {Hagood, Nesbitt W. and Chung, Walter H. and Von Flotow, Andreas},
	month = jul,
	year = {1990},
	pages = {327--354}
}

@article{vasques_active_2006,
	series = {Composite {Adaptive} {Structures}: {Modelling} and {Simulation}},
	title = {Active vibration control of smart piezoelectric beams: {Comparison} of classical and optimal feedback control strategies},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {0045-7949},
	shorttitle = {Active vibration control of smart piezoelectric beams},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045794906000964},
	doi = {10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.01.026},
	abstract = {This paper presents a numerical study concerning the active vibration control of smart piezoelectric beams. A comparison between the classical control strategies, constant gain and amplitude velocity feedback, and optimal control strategies, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller, is performed in order to investigate their effectiveness to suppress vibrations in beams with piezoelectric patches acting as sensors or actuators. A one-dimensional finite element of a three-layered smart beam with two piezoelectric surface layers and metallic core is utilized. A partial layerwise theory, with three discrete layers, and a fully coupled electro-mechanical theory is considered. The finite element model equations of motion and electric charge equilibrium are presented and recast into a state variable representation in terms of the physical modes of the beam. The analyzed case studies concern the vibration reduction of a cantilever aluminum beam with a collocated asymmetric piezoelectric sensor/actuator pair bonded on the surface. The transverse displacement time history, for an initial displacement field and white noise force disturbance, and point receptance at the free end are evaluated with the open- and closed-loop classical and optimal control systems. The case studies allow the comparison of their performances demonstrating some of their advantages and disadvantages.},
	number = {22},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Computers \& Structures},
	author = {Vasques, C. M. A. and Dias Rodrigues, J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Active vibration control, Finite element, LQR and LQG controller, Smart piezoelectric beam, Velocity feedback},
	pages = {1402--1414},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\UUR3XZNN\\S0045794906000964.html:text/html}
}

@article{davis_modal_1995-1,
	title = {A modal strain energy approach to the prediction of resistively shunted piezoceramic damping},
	volume = {184},
	issn = {0022-460X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X85703082},
	doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1995.0308},
	abstract = {The use of piezoceramic materials with resistive shunting circuits has previously been shown to increase passive structural vibration damping. The ability to tailor the frequency dependence of damping is especially attractive when active linear time-invariant control of uncertain structures is to be attempted. A method for predicting the damping performance of resistively shunted piezoceramics based on a variation of the modal strain energy approach has recently been developed. Using this approach, the damping for a structural mode of vibration may be found as the product of the effective fraction of modal strain energy stored in the piezoceramic material, an effective piezoceramic material loss factor and a frequency shaping factor. A finite element model may be used to accurately determine the effective modal strain energy fraction; the effective material loss factor is closely related to the piezoceramic electromechanical coupling coefficient; and the frequency shaping factor results from the dynamics of the shunting circuit. Design concerns include the effect of stiff piezoceramic material on mode shapes, the frequency dependence of piezoceramic elastic properties, and the effect of adhesive on load transfer from the structure to the piezoceramic. Analytical and experimental results are presented for a uniform cantilevered beam with two pairs of resistively shunted piezoceramic plates. The results show good agreement between predicted and measured added damping.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	author = {Davis, C. L. and Lesieutre, G. A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {1995},
	pages = {129--139},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\FE8WHXVS\\S0022460X85703082.html:text/html}
}

@article{gandhi_beams_2007,
	title = {Beams with controllable flexural stiffness},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {0964-1726},
	url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0964-1726/16/i=4/a=028},
	doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/16/4/028},
	abstract = {This paper describes a method to vary the flexural bending stiffness of a multi-layered beam. The multi-layered beam comprises a base layer with polymer layers on the upper and lower surfaces, and stiff cover layers. Flexural stiffness variation is based on the concept that when the polymer layer is stiff, the cover layers are strongly coupled to the base beam and the entire multi-layered beam bends as an integral unit. In effect, we have a 'thick' beam with contributions from all layers to the flexural bending stiffness. On the other hand, if the shear modulus of the polymer layers is reduced, the polymer layers shear as the base beam undergoes flexural bending, the cover layers are largely decoupled from the base, and the overall flexural bending stiffness correspondingly reduces. The shear modulus of the polymer layer is reduced by increasing its temperature through the glass transition. This is accomplished by using embedded ultra-thin electric heating blankets. From experiments conducted using two different polymer materials, polymer layer thicknesses and beam lengths, the flexural stiffness of the multi-layered beam at low temperature was observed to be between two and four times greater than that at high temperature.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
	author = {Gandhi, Farhan and Kang, Sang-Guk},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1179}
}

@article{zihao_study_2016,
	title = {A study of a beam-like electromagnetic vibration absorber},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1077-5463},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546314547730},
	doi = {10.1177/1077546314547730},
	abstract = {This paper presents a study of a beam-like semi-active electromagnetic vibration absorber (EVA). The EVA consists of a flexible ferromagnetic cantilever beam, a ferromagnetic mass attached to the free end of the beam, and an E-shaped electromagnet. By changing the current of the electromagnet, the interactive force between the ferromagnetic mass and the electromagnet is varied accordingly, hence, the stiffness of this EVA is online tunable. The working frequency of the EVA is adjusted simultaneously as well. A finite element method (FEM) analysis study has been carried out to determine the characterization of the EVA. The effective stiffness of the absorber from FEM agrees with the results from the experiment well. A 2 degree-of-freedom experimental semi-active control system is built up to test the effectiveness of the EVA design. The performance under both steady-state exciting and sweeping frequency exciting show the EVA effectiveness in vibration suppression.},
	language = {en},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Journal of Vibration and Control},
	author = {Zihao, Liu and Wanyou, Li and Yali, Yu},
	month = jun,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2559--2568}
}

@article{ji_semi-active_2009,
	title = {Semi-active {Vibration} {Control} of a {Composite} {Beam} using an {Adaptive} {SSDV} {Approach}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1045-389X},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X08095182},
	doi = {10.1177/1045389X08095182},
	abstract = {In this paper, an improved semi-active control method is proposed and applied to the vibration control of a composite beam. This method is an improved version of the previously developed SSDV (synchronized switch damping on voltage) approach. In SSDV, a voltage source is connected to the shunting branch, in series with the inductor, which can magnify the inverted voltage and hence improve the control performance. Optimization of the voltage source is an important issue in all SSDV techniques. In the proposed approach, called adaptive SSDV, the voltage coefficient that controls the damping effectiveness is adjusted adaptively. An improved switching algorithm, which prevents the switch from over-frequently switching on-and-off and accordingly improves the control performance, is also proposed. Compared with previous SSDV techniques, this adaptive SSDV is the most stable, is independent of the excitation level, and is more flexible because the voltage coefficient is adjusted adaptively to achieve optimal control performances. The adaptive SSDV has been applied to the vibration control of a composite beam and its control results were compared with those of previously developed SSDV techniques. The effectiveness of the new switching algorithm was also verified by comparing it with the conventional switch. An experimental setup of a semi-active control system for the cantilever composite beam was established, and control experiments were carried out using different SSDV methods.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
	author = {Ji, Hongli and Qiu, Jinhao and Badel, Adrien and Zhu, Kongjun},
	month = mar,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {401--412}
}

@misc{liao_pdf_nodate,
	title = {({PDF}) {Piezoelectric} {Damping} of {Resistively} {Shunted} {Beams} and {Optimal} {Parameters} for {Maximum} {Damping}},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/243711195_Piezoelectric_Damping_of_Resistively_Shunted_Beams_and_Optimal_Parameters_for_Maximum_Damping},
	abstract = {PDF {\textbar} This paper studies the piezoelectric damping of resistively shunted beams induced by the conversion of the vibration energy into electrical energy that is dissipated in the resistor through Joule heating. Significant contributions have been made in the modeling and...},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {ResearchGate},
	author = {Liao, Yabin},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4001505},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\WFQT5TUQ\\243711195_Piezoelectric_Damping_of_Resistively_Shunted_Beams_and_Optimal_Parameters_for_Maximum.html:text/html}
}

@patent{clingman_piezoelectric_2010,
	title = {Piezoelectric bimorph beam manufacturing method},
	url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US7681290/en},
	abstract = {A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric beam is provided. The method includes inserting a piezoelectric body and a pair of roller pins into an injection molding form. Once the piezoelectric body and roller pins are enclosed within the injection mold form a liquefied substance is injected into the injection molding form. The liquefied substance solidifies to substantially permanently affix the roller pins to opposing distal ends of the body.},
	nationality = {US},
	language = {en},
	assignee = {Boeing Co},
	number = {US7681290B2},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	author = {Clingman, Dan J. and Thiesen, Jack},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {beam, bimorph, body, method, piezoelectric},
	annote = {Classifications
H01L41/25: Assembling devices that include piezo-electric or electrostrictive parts
H01L41/0933: Beam type
Y10T29/42: Piezoelectric device making
Y10T29/435: Solid dielectric type},
	file = {Fulltext PDF:C\:\\Users\\Sprode\\Zotero\\storage\\ST34I88U\\Clingman and Thiesen - 2010 - Piezoelectric bimorph beam manufacturing method.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{Zhang2015,
abstract = {Periodic arrays of hybrid-shunted piezoelectric patches are used to control the band-gaps of phononic metamaterial beams. Passive resistive-inductive (RL) shunting circuits can produce a narrow resonant band-gap (RG), and active negative capacitive (NC) shunting circuits can broaden the Bragg band-gaps (BGs). In this article, active NC shunting circuits and passive resonant RL shunting circuits are connected to the same piezoelectric patches in parallel, which are usually called hybrid shunting circuits, to control the location and the extent of the band-gaps. A super-wide coupled band-gap is generated when the coupling between RG and the BG occurs. The attenuation constant of the infinite periodic structure is predicted by the transfer matrix method, which is compared with the vibration transmittance of a finite periodic structure calculated by the finite element method. Numerical results show that the hybrid-shunting circuits can make the band-gaps wider by appropriately selecting the inductances, negative capacitances, and resistances.},
author = {Zhang, Hao and Wen, Ji-Hong and Chen, Sheng-Bing and Wang, Gang and Wen, Xi-Sen},
doi = {10.1088/1674-1056/24/3/036201},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Zhang2015.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1674-1056},
journal = {Chinese Physics B},
number = {3},
pages = {36201},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Flexural wave band-gaps in phononic metamaterial beam with hybrid shunting circuits}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/24/3/036201},
volume = {24},
year = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{Davis1998,
abstract = {A tunable solid state piezoelectric vibration absorber and an active tuning method were developed and demonstrated. A passive vibration absorber generally acts to minimize structural vibration at a specific frequency associated with either a tonal disturbance or the response of a lightly damped structural vibratos mode. Because this frequency is rarely stationary in real applications, damping is usually added to ensure some level of effectiveness over a range of frequencies. Maximum response reductions, however, are achieved only if the absorber is lightly damped and accurately tuned to the frequency of concern. Thus, an actively-tuned vibration absorber should perform better than a passive one and, furthermore, could be made lighter. In its simplest form, a vibration absorber consists of a spring-mass combination. A key feature of the tunable vibration absorber described herein is the use of piezoelectric ceramic elements as part of the device stiffness. The effective stiffnesses of these elements was adjusted electrically, using a passive capacitive shunt circuit, to tune the resonance frequency of the device. The tuning range of the absorber is thus bounded by its short- circuit and open-circuit resonance frequencies. An alternative tuning approach might employ resistive shunting, but this would introduce undesirable damping. Another feature of the device is the ability to use the piezoelectric elements as sensors. A control scheme was developed to estimate the desired tuning frequency from the sensor signals, to determine the appropriate shunt capacitance, and then to provide it. The shunt circuit itself was implemented in ten discrete steps over the tuning range, using a relay-driven parallel capacitor ladder circuit. Experimental results showed a maximum 20 dB, and a 10 dB average improvement in vibration reduction across the tuning range, as compared to a pure passive absorber tuned to the center frequency, with additional benefit extending beyond the tuning range.},
author = {Davis, Christopher L and Lesieutre, George Andre},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Davis, Lesieutre - 1998 - Actively tuned solid state piezoelectric vibration absorber.pdf:pdf},
pages = {3314--3327},
title = {{Actively tuned solid state piezoelectric vibration absorber}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.310681},
volume = {3327},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Krein1990,
abstract = {Averaging theory as a rigorous framework for evaluating, refining,{\$}\backslash{\$}nand extending heuristic averaged models now used in power electronics is{\$}\backslash{\$}nintroduced. It is shown that averaging theory provides direct techniques{\$}\backslash{\$}nfor recovering oscillatory effects such as ripple from the averaged{\$}\backslash{\$}nmodel. As an application of the theory, examples of the analysis of{\$}\backslash{\$}nsimple DC-DC converters are presented},
author = {Krein, Philip T. and Bentsman, Joseph and Bass, Richard M. and Lesieutre, Bernard L.},
doi = {10.1109/63.53155},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Krein et al. - 1990 - On the use of averaging for the analysis of power electronic systems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0885-8993},
journal = {{\{}IEEE{\}} Trans. Power Electron.},
number = {2},
pages = {182--190},
title = {{On the use of averaging for the analysis of power electronic systems}},
volume = {5},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Nagem1997,
author = {Nagem, R},
doi = {10.1006/jsvi.1997.1162},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nagem - 1997 - Vibration Damping By a Continuous Distribution of Undamped Oscillators.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {3},
pages = {429--434},
title = {{Vibration Damping By a Continuous Distribution of Undamped Oscillators}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022460X97911627},
volume = {207},
year = {1997}
}
@misc{Sugino2017a,
abstract = {Locally resonant metamaterials are characterized by bandgaps at wavelengths much larger than the lattice size, which enables low-frequency vibration attenuation in structures. Next-generation metastructures (i.e. finite metamaterial-based structures) hosting mechanical resonators as well as piezoelectric interfaces connected to resonating circuits enable the formation of two bandgaps, right above and below the design frequency of the mechanical and electrical resonators, respectively. This new class of hybrid metastructures proposed in this work can therefore exhibit a wider bandgap size and enhanced design flexibility as compared to using a purely mechanical, or a purely electromechanical metastructure alone. To this end, we bridge our efforts on modal analysis of mechanical and electromechanical locally resonant metastructures and establish a fully coupled framework for hybrid mechanical-electromechanical metastructures. Combined bandgap size is approximated in closed form for sufficient number of mechanical and electromechanical resonators. Case studies are presented to understand the interaction of these two locally resonating metastructure domains in bandgap formation, and conclusions are drawn for design and optimization of such hybrid metastructures. Numerical results from modal analysis are compared with dispersion analysis using the plane wave expansion method and the proposed analytical framework is validated succesfully.},
annote = {10.1115/SMASIS2017-3948},
author = {Sugino, Christopher and Ruzzene, Massimo and Erturk, Alper},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Sugino2017a.pdf:pdf},
number = {58264},
pages = {V002T03A035},
title = {{Dynamics of Hybrid Mechanical-Electromechanical Locally Resonant Piezoelectric Metastructures}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2017-3948},
year = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{Holdhusen2003,
abstract = {This paper considers the optimization of the performance of a state-switched absorber (SSA) in controlling the vibration of a continuous beam. A state-switched absorber has the capability to instantaneously change its stiffness, which allows the absorber to 'retune' to a new natural frequency instantaneously. Between each 'retuning', or switch event, the SSA is essentially a passive device, tuned to the resonance frequency of its current state. With proper switching logic, the SSA shows improved performance in vibration control as compared to classical passive devices when the excitation contains more than one frequency component. The SSA considered here is capable of switching between only two discrete stiffnesses. A direct search algorithm is employed for optimization of the absorber's location along the beam as well as the two tuning frequencies needed to achieve the best performance of the state-switched absorber. Several two-frequency component point excitations are considered at a few locations along the beam and over a range of frequencies. The optimized performance of the state-switched absorber is compared to the optimized performance of a classical tuned vibration absorber (TVA) for each forcing case.},
author = {Holdhusen, Mark and Cunefare, Kenneth A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holdhusen, Cunefare - 2003 - Optimization of location and tuning of a state-switched absorber for controlling beam vibration.pdf:pdf},
pages = {5010--5049},
title = {{Optimization of location and tuning of a state-switched absorber for controlling beam vibration}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.484014},
volume = {5049},
year = {2003}
}
@book{Preumont2006,
abstract = {Control Engineering Continuum Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials Structural Mechanics Vibration, Dynamical Systems and Control Automotive and Aerospace Engineering and Traffic Automation and Robotics},
author = {Preumont, A.},
doi = {10.1007/1-4020-4696-0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Preumont - Unknown - Mechatronics Dynamics of Electromechanical and Piezoelectric Systems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1402046952},
publisher = {Springer, Dordrecht},
title = {{Mechatronics: Dynamics of Electromechanical and Piezoelectric Systems}},
url = {https://link-springer-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/book/10.1007{\%}2F1-4020-4696-0{\#}authorsandaffiliationsbook},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Mokrani2012,
abstract = {This article presents a strategy for enhancing the performance of the synchronized switch damping on inductor technique used for the semiactive control of structural vibrations. This enhancement is achieved by adding a negative capacitance to the resonant circuit that dissipates the energy converted by a piezoelectric transducer embedded in the structure. A unidimensional spring-mass system shunted synchronously to a resonant circuit is studied analytically, and the main parameters governing the performances of the system are highlighted. Experimental results obtained with a synthetic negative capacitance demonstrate the enhancement of the performance of synchronized switch damping on inductor and confirm the parametric dependencies identified analytically.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X11433493},
author = {Mokrani, Bilal and Rodrigues, Gon{\c{c}}alo and Ioan, Burda and Bastaits, Renaud and Preumont, Andre},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X11433493},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mokrani et al. - 2012 - Synchronized switch damping on inductor and negative capacitance.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {jan},
number = {18},
pages = {2065--2075},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Synchronized switch damping on inductor and negative capacitance}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11433493},
volume = {23},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Yi2016,
abstract = {In this paper, we designed and analyzed a piezo-lens to focus flexural waves in thin plates. The piezo-lens is comprised of a host plate and piezoelectric arrays bonded on the surfaces of the plate. The piezoelectric patches are shunted with negative capacitance circuits. The effective refractive indexes inside the piezo-lens are designed to fit a hyperbolic secant distribution by tuning the negative capacitance values. A homogenized model of a piezo-mechanical system is adopted in the designing process of the piezo-lens. The wave focusing effect is studied by the finite element method. Numerical results show that the piezo-lens can focus flexural waves by bending their trajectories, and is effective in a large frequency band. The piezo-lens has the ability to focus flexural waves at different locations by tuning the shunting negative capacitance values. The piezo-lens is shown to be effective for flexural waves generated by different types of sources.},
author = {Yi, K and Collet, M and Ichchou, M and Li, L},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/25/7/075007},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Yi2016.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {7},
pages = {75007},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Flexural waves focusing through shunted piezoelectric patches}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/7/075007},
volume = {25},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Badel2006,
annote = {doi: 10.1121/1.2184149},
author = {Badel, A and Sebald, G and Guyomar, D and Lallart, M and Lefeuvre, E and Richard, C and Qiu, J},
doi = {10.1121/1.2184149},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Badel et al. - 2006 - Piezoelectric vibration control by synchronized switching on adaptive voltage sources Towards wideband semi-active.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0001-4966},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
month = {apr},
number = {5},
pages = {2815--2825},
publisher = {Acoustical Society of America},
title = {{Piezoelectric vibration control by synchronized switching on adaptive voltage sources: Towards wideband semi-active damping}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2184149},
volume = {119},
year = {2006}
}
@book{Meirovitch1970,
address = {New York},
author = {Meirovitch, Leonard.},
isbn = {0070414556 9780070414556},
language = {English},
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
title = {{Methods of analytical dynamics.}},
year = {1970}
}
@article{Tylikowski2001,
abstract = {The purpose of this research is to analyse capacitively shunting distributed piezoelectric elements perfectly glued to the vibrating annular plate excited by harmonic displacement of the inner plate edge. The piezoelement is described by constitutive equations relating stresses and electric displacements with strains and electric field. The equations are coupled with the equations of plate motion by the surface strain terms. At joint circles between annular sections without and with the piezolayers the continuity of plate deflection, slope and curvature is considered. The free stress condition for the piezoelement constrains the strain value at inner and outer piezoelement edges. Results from numerical simulation show an influence of the external shunting capacity on the frequency and space dependent plate response.},
author = {Tylikowski, A},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8231(00)00055-0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tylikowski - 2001 - Control of circular plate vibrations via piezoelectric actuators shunted with a capacitive circuit.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0263-8231},
journal = {Thin-Walled Structures},
keywords = {Axisymmetric vibrations,Capacitive shunting,Circular plates,Distributed approach,Piezoelectric actuators},
number = {1},
pages = {83--94},
title = {{Control of circular plate vibrations via piezoelectric actuators shunted with a capacitive circuit}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263823100000550},
volume = {39},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Tylikowski2001a,
abstract = {The purpose of this research is to analyse capacitively shunting distributed piezoelectric elements perfectly glued to the vibrating annular plate excited by harmonic displacement of the inner plate edge. The piezoelement is described by constitutive equations relating stresses and electric displacements with strains and electric field. The equations are coupled with the equations of plate motion by the surface strain terms. At joint circles between annular sections without and with the piezolayers the continuity of plate deflection, slope and curvature is considered. The free stress condition for the piezoelement constrains the strain value at inner and outer piezoelement edges. Results from numerical simulation show an influence of the external shunting capacity on the frequency and space dependent plate response.},
author = {Tylikowski, A},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8231(00)00055-0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clark - 2000 - Vibration Control with State-Switched Piezoelectric Materials(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0263-8231},
journal = {Thin-Walled Structures},
keywords = {Axisymmetric vibrations,Capacitive shunting,Circular plates,Distributed approach,Piezoelectric actuators},
number = {1},
pages = {83--94},
title = {{Control of circular plate vibrations via piezoelectric actuators shunted with a capacitive circuit}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263823100000550},
volume = {39},
year = {2001}
}
@book{Leo2007b,
abstract = {The book provides a pedagogical approach that emphasizes the physical processes of active materials and the design and control of engineering systems. It will also be a reference text for practicing engineers who might understand the basic principles of active materials but have an interest in learning more about specific applications. The text includes a number of worked examples, design problems, and homework problems (with a solutions manual) that will be useful for both instructors and practicing engineers. CONTENTS Preface xiii 1 Introduction to Smart Material Systems 1 1.1 Types of Smart Materials, 2 1.2 Historical Overview of Piezoelectric Materials, Shape Memory Alloys, and Electroactive Polymers, 5 1.3 Recent Applications of Smart Materials and Smart Material Systems, 6 1.4 Additional Types of Smart Materials, 11 1.5 Smart Material Properties, 12 1.6 Organization of the Book, 16 1.7 Suggested Course Outlines, 19 1.8 Units, Examples, and Nomenclature, 20 Problems, 22 Notes, 22 2 Modeling Mechanical and Electrical Systems 24 2.1 Fundamental Relationships in Mechanics and Electrostatics, 24 2.1.1 Mechanics of Materials, 25 2.1.2 Linear Mechanical Constitutive Relationships, 32 2.1.3 Electrostatics, 35 2.1.4 Electronic Constitutive Properties of Conducting and Insulating Materials, 43 2.2 Work and Energy Methods, 48 2.2.1 Mechanical Work, 48 2.2.2 Electrical Work, 54 2.3 Basic Mechanical and Electrical Elements, 56 2.3.1 Axially Loaded Bars, 56 2.3.2 Bending Beams, 58 vii viii CONTENTS 2.3.3 Capacitors, 64 2.3.4 Summary, 66 2.4 Energy-Based Modeling Methods, 67 2.4.1 Variational Motion, 68 2.5 Variational Principle of Systems in Static Equilibrium, 70 2.5.1 Generalized State Variables, 72 2.6 Variational Principle of Dynamic Systems, 78 2.7 Chapter Summary, 84 Problems, 85 Notes, 89 3 Mathematical Representations of Smart Material Systems 91 3.1 Algebraic Equations for Systems in Static Equilibrium, 91 3.2 Second-Order Models of Dynamic Systems, 92 3.3 First-Order Models of Dynamic Systems, 97 3.3.1 Transformation of Second-Order Models to First-Order Form, 98 3.3.2 Output Equations for State Variable Models, 99 3.4 InputOutput Models and Frequency Response, 101 3.4.1 Frequency Response, 103 3.5 Impedance and Admittance Models, 109 3.5.1 System Impedance Models and Terminal Constraints, 113 3.6 Chapter Summary, 118 Problems, 118 Notes, 121 4 Piezoelectric Materials 122 4.1 Electromechanical Coupling in Piezoelectric Devices: One-Dimensional Model, 122 4.1.1 Direct Piezoelectric Effect, 122 4.1.2 Converse Effect, 124 4.2 Physical Basis for Electromechanical Coupling in Piezoelectric Materials, 126 4.2.1 Manufacturing of Piezoelectric Materials, 127 4.2.2 Effect of Mechanical and Electrical Boundary Conditions, 131 4.2.3 Interpretation of the Piezoelectric Coupling Coefficient, 133 CONTENTS ix 4.3 Constitutive Equations for Linear Piezoelectric Material, 135 4.3.1 Compact Notation for Piezoelectric Constitutive Equations, 137 4.4 Common Operating Modes of a Piezoelectric Transducer, 141 4.4.1 33 Operating Mode, 142 4.4.2 Transducer Equations for a 33 Piezoelectric Device, 147 4.4.3 Piezoelectric Stack Actuator, 150 4.4.4 Piezoelectric Stack Actuating a Linear Elastic Load, 152 4.5 Dynamic Force and Motion Sensing, 157 4.6 31 Operating Mode of a Piezoelectric Device, 160 4.6.1 Extensional 31 Piezoelectric Devices, 162 4.6.2 Bending 31 Piezoelectric Devices, 166 4.6.3 Transducer Equations for a Piezoelectric Bimorph, 172 4.6.4 Piezoelectric Bimorphs Including Substrate Effects, 175 4.7 Transducer Comparison, 178 4.7.1 Energy Comparisons, 182 4.8 Electrostrictive Materials, 184 4.8.1 One-Dimensional Analysis, 186 4.8.2 Polarization-Based Models of Electrostriction, 188 4.8.3 Constitutive Modeling, 192 4.8.4 Harmonic Response of Electrostrictive Materials, 196 4.9 Chapter Summary, 199 Problems, 200 Notes, 203 5 Piezoelectric Material Systems 205 5.1 Derivation of the Piezoelectric Constitutive Relationships, 205 5.1.1 Alternative Energy Forms and Transformation of the Energy Functions, 208 5.1.2 Development of the Energy Functions, 210 5.1.3 Transformation of the Linear Constitutive Relationships, 212 5.2 Approximation Methods for Static Analysis of Piezolectric Material Systems, 217 5.2.1 General Solution for Free Deflection and Blocked Force, 221 5.3 Piezoelectric Beams, 223 5.3.1 Cantilevered Bimorphs, 223 5.3.2 PinnedPinned Bimorphs, 227 x CONTENTS 5.4 Piezoelectric Material Systems: Dynamic Analysis, 232 5.4.1 General Solution, 233 5.5 Spatial Filtering and Modal Filters in Piezoelectric Material Systems, 235 5.5.1 Modal Filters, 239 5.6 Dynamic Response of Piezoelectric Beams, 241 5.6.1 Cantilevered Piezoelectric Beam, 249 5.6.2 Generalized Coupling Coefficients, 263 5.6.3 Structural Damping, 264 5.7 Piezoelectric Plates, 268 5.7.1 Static Analysis of Piezoelectric Plates, 269 5.7.2 Dynamic Analysis of Piezoelectric Plates, 281 5.8 Chapter Summary, 289 Problems, 290 Notes, 297 6 Shape Memory Alloys 298 6.1 Properties of Thermally Activated Shape Memory Materials, 298 6.2 Physical Basis for Shape Memory Properties, 300 6.3 Constitutive Modeling, 302 6.3.1 One-Dimensional Constitutive Model, 302 6.3.2 Modeling the Shape Memory Effect, 307 6.3.3 Modeling the Pseudoelastic Effect, 311 6.4 Multivariant Constitutive Model, 320 6.5 Actuation Models of Shape Memory Alloys, 326 6.5.1 Free Strain Recovery, 327 6.5.2 Restrained Recovery, 327 6.5.3 Controlled Recovery, 329 6.6 Electrical Activation of Shape Memory Alloys, 330 6.7 Dynamic Modeling of Shape Memory Alloys for Electrical Actuation, 335 6.8 Chapter Summary, 341 Problems, 342 Notes, 345 7 Electroactive Polymer Materials 346 7.1 Fundamental Properties of Polymers, 347 7.1.1 Classification of Electroactive Polymers, 349 CONTENTS xi 7.2 Dielectric Elastomers, 355 7.3 Conducting Polymer Actuators, 362 7.3.1 Properties of Conducting Polymer Actuators, 363 7.3.2 Transducer Models of Conducting Polymers, 367 7.4 Ionomeric Polymer Transducers, 369 7.4.1 InputOutput Transducer Models, 369 7.4.2 Actuator and Sensor Equations, 375 7.4.3 Material Properties of Ionomeric Polymer Transducers, 377 7.5 Chapter Summary, 382 Problems, 383 Notes, 384 8 Motion Control Applications 385 8.1 Mechanically Leveraged Piezoelectric Actuators, 386 8.2 Position Control of Piezoelectric Materials, 391 8.2.1 ProportionalDerivative Control, 392 8.2.2 Control, 396 8.3 Frequency-Leveraged Piezoelectric Actuators, 402 8.4 Electroactive Polymers, 409 8.4.1 Motion Control Using Ionomers, 409 8.5 Chapter Summary, 412 Problems, 413 Notes, 414 9 Passive and Semiactive Damping 416 9.1 Passive Damping, 416 9.2 Piezoelectric Shunts, 419 9.2.1 InductiveResistive Shunts, 425 9.2.2 Comparison of Shunt Techniques, 431 9.3 Multimode Shunt Techniques, 432 9.4 Semiactive Damping Methods, 440 9.4.1 System Norms for Performance Definition, 441 9.4.2 Adaptive Shunt Networks, 443 9.4.3 Practical Considerations for Adaptive Shunt Networks, 447 9.5 Switched-State Absorbers and Dampers, 448 9.6 Passive Damping Using Shape Memory Alloy Wires, 453 xii CONTENTS 9.6.1 Passive Damping via the Pseudoelastic Effect, 454 9.6.2 Parametric Study of Shape Memory Alloy Passive Damping, 460 9.7 Chapter Summary, 464 Problems, 465 Notes, 466 10 Active Vibration Control 467 10.1 Second-Order Models for Vibration Control, 467 10.1.1 Output Feedback, 468 10.2 Active Vibration Control Example, 471 10.3 Dynamic Output Feedback, 475 10.3.1 Piezoelectric Material Systems with Dynamic Output Feedback, 480 10.3.2 Self-Sensing Actuation, 483 10.4 Distributed Sensing, 486 10.5 State-Space Control Methodologies, 488 10.5.1 Transformation to First-Order Form, 488 10.5.2 Full-State Feedback, 491 10.5.3 Optimal Full-State Feedback: Linear Quadratic Regulator Problem, 496 10.5.4 State Estimation, 505 10.5.5 Estimator Design, 507 10.6 Chapter Summary, 508 Problems, 509 Notes, 510 11 Power Analysis for Smart Material Systems 511 11.1 Electrical Power for Resistive and Capacitive Elements, 511 11.2 Power Amplifier Analysis, 520 11.2.1 Linear Power Amplifiers, 520 11.2.2 Design of Linear Power Amplifiers, 524 11.2.3 Switching and Regenerative Power Amplifiers, 530 11.3 Energy Harvesting, 533 11.4 Chapter Summary, 542 Problems, 543 Notes, 544 References 545 Index 553},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1107.1180},
author = {Leo, Donald J L},
booktitle = {Mechanical Engineering},
doi = {10.1002/9780470209721},
eprint = {1107.1180},
isbn = {9780471684770},
issn = {00019240},
pages = {574},
pmid = {21481398},
publisher = {John Wiley {\&} Sons, Inc.},
title = {{Engineering Analysis of Smart Material Systems}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470209721},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{Beck2011,
abstract = {Shunted piezoelectric patches form an effective control mechanism for reducing vibrations of a mechanical system. One type of shunt, a negative capacitance circuit, is capable of suppressing vibration amplitude over a broad frequency range. Most previous work has focused on control of simple test structures such as beams and plates. This work studies the performance of the negative capacitance shunt connected to piezoelectric patches attached to a stiffened aircraft panel. The placement of the piezoelectric transducers is determined using a simplified finite element model of one bay of the panel. The numerical predictions are compared to experimental results for spatial average vibration for a point force input. The amount of control for increasing number of patches is also investigated. These results give a more accurate representation of the achievable performance in real world application.},
author = {Beck, Benjamin S and Cunefare, Kenneth A and Collet, Manuel and Ruzzene, Massimo},
booktitle = {Proc.SPIE},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Beck2011.pdf:pdf},
month = {apr},
title = {{Active vibration control of a stiffened panel through application of negative capacitance shunts}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.880418},
volume = {7977},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Vignola2016,
author = {Vignola, Joseph and Judge, John and Sterling, John and Ryan, Teresa and Kurdila, Andrew and Paruchuri, Sai Tej and Glean, Aldo},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress on Acoustics},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vignola et al. - Unknown - Structural Acoustics and Vibration ( others ) Paper ICA2016-798 On the use of shunted piezo actuators for mit.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {array dynamics,fuzzy structures,in subordinate,mitigation of distribution errors},
title = {{On the Use of Shunted Piezo Actuators for Mitigation of Distribution Errors in Resonator Arrays}},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Sugino2017,
abstract = {Locally resonant electromechanical metastructures made from flexible substrates with piezoelectric layers connected to resonant shunt circuits exhibit vibration attenuation properties similar to those of purely mechanical metastructures. Thus, in analogy, these locally resonant electromechanical metastructures can exhibit electroelastic bandgaps at wavelengths much larger than the lattice size. In order to effectively design such metastructures, the modal behavior of the finite structure with given boundary conditions must be reconciled with the electromechanical behavior of the piezoelectric layers and shunt circuits. To this end, we develop the theory for a piezoelectric bimorph beam with segmented electrodes under transverse vibrations, and extract analytical results for bandgap estimation using modal analysis. Under the assumption of an infinite number of segmented electrodes, the locally resonant bandgap is estimated in closed form and shown to depend only on the target frequency and the system-level electromechanical coupling. It is shown that bandgap formation in piezoelectric metastructures is associated with a frequency-dependent modal stiffness, unlike the frequency-dependent modal mass in mechanical metastructures. The relevant electromechanical coupling term and the normalized bandgap size are calculated for a representative structure and a selection of piezoelectric ceramics and single crystals, revealing that single crystals (e.g. PMN-PT) result in significantly wider bandgap than ceramics (e.g. PZT-5A). Numerical studies are performed to demonstrate that the closed-form bandgap expression derived in this work holds for a finite number of electrode segments. It is shown that the number of electrodes required to create the bandgap increases as the target frequency is increased.},
author = {Sugino, C and Leadenham, S and Ruzzene, M and Erturk, A},
doi = {10.1088/1361-665x/aa6671},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Sugino2017.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {5},
pages = {55029},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{An investigation of electroelastic bandgap formation in locally resonant piezoelectric metastructures}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa6671},
volume = {26},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Cunefare2002,
abstract = {A system that has the capability to make instantaneous changes in its mass, stiffness, or damping may be termed a state-switchable dynamical system. Such a system will display different dynamical responses dependent upon its current state. State-switchable stiffness may be practically obtained through the control of the termination impedance of piezoelectric stiffness elements. If such a switchable stiffness element is incorporated as part of the spring element of a vibration absorber, the change in stiffness causes a change in the resonance frequencies of the system, thereby instantaneously ?retuning? the state-switched absorber to a new frequency. In between state switches, the operation of such a device is passive, being fundamentally a passive vibration absorber. This concept has improved performance over classical passive vibration absorbers or dampers, particularly for disturbances with multiple spectral components. This paper considers the application of such a device for the purpose of vibration control on beams subjected to harmonic point-force excitation.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/104538902761402495},
author = {Cunefare, Kenneth A},
doi = {10.1177/104538902761402495},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Cunefare2002.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {feb},
number = {2-3},
pages = {97--105},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{State-Switched Absorber for Vibration Control of Point-Excited Beams}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/104538902761402495},
volume = {13},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Carcaterra2012,
abstract = {This paper presents the theory of a novel mechanism of energy absorption and induced damping in structural systems and its application to aerospace industry. The underlying principles of the physical phenomena have been addressed in several earlier publications, which focused on prototypical systems of absorbers that consist of a set of single-degree-of-freedom resonators. This paper generalizes those theoretical developments to the case of a cluster of beams attached to a continuous primary structure, to develop predictive methods for the expected performance of this new type of absorber, with particular emphasis on its optimal design. An embodiment of the conceived device is illustrated for an aerospace structure, a satellite, with the purpose of reducing the vibration of the electronic components on board during lift-off. Experimental results illustrate the feasibility and the attractiveness of this new absorption technique. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Carcaterra, A. and Akay, A. and Bernardini, C.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.05.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carcaterra, Akay, Bernardini - 2012 - Trapping of vibration energy into a set of resonators Theory and application to aerospace structur.pdf:pdf},
issn = {08883270},
journal = {Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing},
keywords = {Apparent damping,Fuzzy damping,Passive vibration damping,Shock attenuation},
number = {1},
pages = {1--14},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Trapping of vibration energy into a set of resonators: Theory and application to aerospace structures}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.05.005},
volume = {26},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{Clark1999,
abstract = {In this paper, a semi-active control law is used to switch the electrical shunt circuit of a piezoelectric actuator for energy dissipation in a simple mechanical system. Switching is done between open-circuit (high stiffness) and short- or resistive-circuit (low stiffness) states. The actuator is held in its high stiffness state when the system is moving such that energy can be stored in the actuator. When the system's motion would cause it to receive energy back from the actuator, the actuator is switched to a low stiffness state, dissipating the energy. In this numerical study, the state- switched piezoelectric system is used to suppress motions in flexural bending problem.},
author = {Clark, William W},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clark - 1999 - Semi-active vibration control with piezoelectric materials as variable-stiffness actuators.pdf:pdf},
pages = {3672--3678},
title = {{Semi-active vibration control with piezoelectric materials as variable-stiffness actuators}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349775},
volume = {3672},
year = {1999}
}
@incollection{Kim2009,
annote = {doi:10.2514/6.2009-2660},
author = {Kim, Woon and Kurdila, Andrew and Stepanyan, Vahram and Inman, Daniel and Vignola, Joseph},
booktitle = {50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference},
doi = {doi:10.2514/6.2009-2660},
month = {may},
publisher = {American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics},
series = {Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials and Co-located Conferences},
title = {{Switching and Hybrid System Models for Linear Piezostructures}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2660},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Larbi2016,
abstract = {This work concerns the control of sound transmission through double laminated panels with viscoelastic core using semi-passive piezoelectric shunt technique. More specifically, the system consists of two laminated walls, each one composed of three layers and called sandwich panel with an air cavity in between. The external sandwich panel has a surface-mounted piezoelectric patches. The piezoelectric elements, connected with resonant shunt circuits, are used for the vibration damping of some specific resonance frequencies of the coupled system. Firstly, a finite element formulation of the fully coupled visco-electro-mechanical-acoustic system is presented. This formulation takes into account the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic material. A modal reduction approach is then proposed to solve the problem at a lower cost. In the proposed technique, the coupled system is solved by projecting the mechanical displacement unknown on a truncated basis composed by the first real short-circuit structural normal modes and the pressure unknown on a truncated basis composed by the first acoustic modes with rigid boundaries conditions. The few initial electrical unknowns are kept in the reduced system. A static correction is also introduced in order to take into account the effect of higher modes. Various results are presented in order to validate and illustrate the efficiency of the proposed finite element reduced order formulation.},
author = {Larbi, W and De{\"{u}}, J.-F. and Ohayon, R},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.08.021},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Larbi2016.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-682X},
journal = {Applied Acoustics},
keywords = {Double-wall,Finite element,Modal reduction,Piezoelectric shunt,Vibroacoustic,Viscoelastic},
pages = {40--49},
title = {{Finite element reduced order model for noise and vibration reduction of double sandwich panels using shunted piezoelectric patches}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003682X15002443},
volume = {108},
year = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{Davis1997,
abstract = {A shunting method has been developed and experimentally verified for tuning the natural frequency and damping of a piezoceramic inertial actuator (PIA). Without power, a PIA behaves much like a passive vibration absorber (PVA). PVAs typically minimize vibration at a specific frequency often associated with a lightly damped structural mode. Large response reductions, however, may only be achieved if the PVA is accurately tuned to the frequency of concern. Thus, an important feature of a PVA is the ability to be accurately tuned to the possibly varying frequency of a target vibration mode. Tuning an absorber requires a change in either the mass or stiffness of the device. The electromechanical properties of the piezoceramic forcing element within a PIA in conjunction with an external passive electrical shunt circuit can be used to alter the natural frequency and damping of the device. An analytical model of a PIA was created to predict changes in natural frequency and damping due to passive electrical shunting. Capacitive shunting alters the natural frequency of the actuator only, while resistive shunting alters both the natural frequency and damping of the actuator. Experiments using both passive capacitive and passive resistive shunt circuits verified the ability to predictably shift the natural frequencies of the piezoceramic inertial actuator by more than 5{\%}.},
author = {Davis, Christopher L and Lesieutre, George Andre and Dosch, Jeffrey J},
booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
doi = {10.1117/12.274188},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Davis, Lesieutre, Dosch - 1997 - Tunable electrically shunted piezoceramic vibration absorber.pdf:pdf},
pages = {3045--3049},
title = {{Tunable electrically shunted piezoceramic vibration absorber}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.274188},
volume = {3045},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Gotz2017,
author = {G{\"{o}}tz, Benedict and Platz, Roland and Melz, Tobias},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Downloads/1463903.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Mechanics {\&} Industry},
number = {1},
title = {{Consistent approach to describe and evaluate uncertainty in vibration attenuation using resonant piezoelectric shunting and tuned mass dampers}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2016011},
volume = {18},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Airoldi2011,
abstract = {Periodic, shunted piezoelectric patches are applied for the control of wave propagation in beams. The patches are shunted through resonant circuits featuring a single and multiple resonances. The periodic arrangement of shunted patches provides the beam with attenuation properties which depend on the resonant behavior of the shunts. This article specifically illustrates the effectiveness of periodic shunted patches for passive wave propagation control, and focuses on the application of multi-resonant circuits for the generation of multiple attenuation frequency ranges (bandgaps), which can be tuned to target several structural modes of the beam. A numerical model predicts the attenuation characteristics of the beam for different shunting configurations. The experimental implementation of the concept on a beam with five patches illustrates the effectiveness of the method in terms of its attenuation capabilities and its tunable characteristics.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X11408372},
author = {Airoldi, L and Ruzzene, M},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X11408372},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Airoldi, Ruzzene - 2011 - Wave Propagation Control in Beams Through Periodic Multi-Branch Shunts.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {sep},
number = {14},
pages = {1567--1579},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Wave Propagation Control in Beams Through Periodic Multi-Branch Shunts}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11408372},
volume = {22},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ji2009,
abstract = {In this article, an adaptive semi-active SSDV (Synchronized Switch Damping on Voltage) method based on the LMS algorithm is proposed and applied to the vibration control of a composite beam. In the SSDV method, the value of voltage source in the switching circuit is critical to its control performance. In the adaptive approach proposed in this study, the voltage source is adjusted adaptively using the LMS algorithm. Two cases of the adjustment are considered. In the first case, as an improvement to the enhanced SSDV, the voltage coefficient is adjusted by the LMS algorithm. In the second case, as an improvement to the classical SSDV, the voltage value is adjusted directly. The new adaptive approach is compared with the derivative-based adaptive SSDV proposed in the former study in the control of the first mode of a composite beam. The control results show that adaptive adjustment of voltage value and adaptive adjustment of voltage coefficient are equally effective in the vibration control of the composite beam and that LMS-based approach is slightly better than the derivative-based approach.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X08099967},
author = {Ji, Hongli and Qiu, Jinhao and Badel, Adrien and Chen, Yuansheng and Zhu, Kongjun},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X08099967},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ji et al. - 2009 - Semi-active Vibration Control of a Composite Beam by Adaptive Synchronized Switching on Voltage Sources Based on LMS.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {feb},
number = {8},
pages = {939--947},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Semi-active Vibration Control of a Composite Beam by Adaptive Synchronized Switching on Voltage Sources Based on LMS Algorithm}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X08099967},
volume = {20},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Wang2012,
abstract = {The effect of periodic arrays of feedback shunted piezoelectric patches in the flexural wave attenuation of phononic beams is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A numerical model based on transfer matrix methodology is developed to predict the transmission of vibration and the frequency ranges of the band gaps. Broadband vibration attenuations are observed in or out of the band gaps. The proposed concept is validated on a suspended epoxy beam driven by a shaker, and the experimental results are presented in terms of the vibration transmissions recorded using two accelerometers placed on both sides of the beam.},
author = {Wang, Jian-Wei and Wang, Gang and Chen, Sheng-Bing and Wen, Ji-Hong},
doi = {10.1088/0256-307x/29/6/064302},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Wang2012.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0256-307X},
journal = {Chinese Physics Letters},
number = {6},
pages = {64302},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Broadband Attenuation in Phononic Beams Induced by Periodic Arrays of Feedback Shunted Piezoelectric Patches}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/29/6/064302},
volume = {29},
year = {2012}
}
@phdthesis{Saber2008,
author = {Saber, Mohammadi},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Saber - 2008 - Semi-Passive vibration control using shunted piezoelectric material.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Semi-passive,phase plane,piezoelectric damping,random vibration control},
school = {Institut national des sciences appliqu{\'{e}}es de Lyon},
title = {{Semi-Passive vibration control using shunted piezoelectric material}},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Holdhusen2007,
abstract = {A state-switched absorber (SSA) is a device that is capable of switching between discrete stiffnesses; thus, it is able to instantaneously switch between resonance frequencies. The state-switched absorber is essentially a passive vibration absorber between switch events; however, at each switch event the SSA instantly Ã¢ÂÂretunesÃ¢ÂÂ its natural frequency and maintains that frequency until the next switch event. This paper considers the optimization of the state-switched absorber applied to a continuous vibrating system and details the experimental validation of these simulation results. A simulated annealing optimization algorithm was utilized to optimize the state-switched absorber. For the most part, the SSA performed only marginally better than a classical tuned vibration absorber (TVA). However, for a select few cases considered, the SSA was able to reduce the kinetic energy of the plate to which it is attached by 12.9dB over that of a classical tuned vibration absorber. The optimal SSA location on a clamped square plate was near the center of the plate for the vast majority of the forcing cases considered. To experimentally validate the simulation, a SSA was fabricated by employing magnetorheological elastomers to achieve a stiffness change. For several two-force component excitations, several tuning configurations of the SSA were applied and the kinetic energy of the system was found and optimized. As with the majority of the optimization cases, the experiments showed the SSA outperforming the TVA by only 2dB. When comparing the observed results to those found via simulation, the simulations accurately predicted the performance of the SSA in the experiments.},
annote = {10.1115/1.2748465},
author = {Holdhusen, Mark H and Cunefare, Kenneth A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/577{\_}1.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1048-9002},
journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {577--589},
publisher = {ASME},
title = {{A State-Switched Absorber Used for Vibration Control of Continuous Systems}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748465},
volume = {129},
year = {2007}
}
@phdthesis{Kim2012,
abstract = {This study deals with a general method for the analysis of a semi-active control technique for a fast-shunt switching system. The benefit of the semi-active system is the reduction in power consumption, which is a significant disadvantage of a fully active system compared with a passive system. A semi-active system under consideration is a semi-actively shunted piezoelectric system, which converts the strain energy into electrical energy through strong electromechanical coupling achieved though the piezoelectric phenomenon. Our proposed semi-active approach combines a PZT-based energy harvesting with a fast switching system driven by a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) signal. The fast switching system enables continuous adaptation of vibration energy control/harvesting by varying the PWM duty cycle. This contrasts with a conventional capacitance switching system that can only change the capacitance at discrete values. The analysis of the current piezoelectric system combined with a fast-switching system poses a considerable challenge as it contains both continuous and discrete characteristics. The study proposes an enhanced averaging method for analyzing the piecewise linear system. The simulation of the averaged system is much faster than that of the timevarying system. Moreover, the analysis derives error bounds that characterize convergence in the time domain of the averaged system to the original system. The dissertation begins with the derivation of the equations governing the physics of a piezostructure combined with an electrical switching shunt network. The results of the averaging analysis and numerical simulation are presented in order to provide a basis for estimating the structural responses that range between open- and short-circuit conditions which constitutes two limiting conditions. An experimental study demonstrates that the capacitive shunt bimorph piezostructure coupled with a single switch can be adjusted continuously by varying the PWM duty cycle. And the behavior of such hybrid system can be well predicted by the averaging analysis.},
author = {Kim, Woon Kyung},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kim - 2012 - Design and Analysis of Switching Circuits for Energy Harvesting in Piezostrutures.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Kim2012,averaging method,energy harvesting,hybrid continuous-discrete system,piezoelectric material,pwm signal,switching circuit systems},
mendeley-tags = {Kim2012},
school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University},
title = {{Design and Analysis of Switching Circuits for Energy Harvesting in Piezostrutures}},
url = {http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/docview/1512629030?pq-origsite=summon{\&}accountid=14826},
year = {2012}
}
@book{Yang2005,
address = {Boston},
author = {{Jiashi Yang}},
doi = {https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/10.1007/b101799},
isbn = {978-0-387-23573-8},
publisher = {Springer, Boston, MA},
series = {Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics},
title = {{An Introduction to the Theory of Piezoelectricity}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/b101799},
volume = {9},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Wen2011,
abstract = {A periodic array of resistive inductive (RL) shunted piezoelectric (PZT) patches is applied to achieve tunable low-frequency locally resonant (LR) band gaps in a flexible isotropic beam. Each pair of surface-bonded PZT patches is linked to an independent RL circuit. All the circuits are the same and are tuned synchronously. A transfer matrix methodology is used to calculate the frequency range and attenuation properties of the LR band gap. Two main differences are found between the LR band gaps induced by shunting circuits and traditional oscillators. Antoniou's circuits are used to produce large ideal inductances necessary for low eigenfrequencies. The theoretical results are experimentally validated by measuring the harmonic response of the beam. Significant attenuation in the low-frequency LR band gap is observed.},
author = {Wen, Gang Wang and Shengbing Chen and Jihong},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wen - 2011 - Low-frequency locally resonant band gaps induced by arrays of resonant shunts with Antoniou's circuit experimental investig.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {1},
pages = {15026},
title = {{Low-frequency locally resonant band gaps induced by arrays of resonant shunts with Antoniou's circuit: experimental investigation on beams}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0964-1726/20/i=1/a=015026},
volume = {20},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Al-Ahmad2006,
abstract = {In this work; a simple and efficient tuning method of a microstrip shunt-resonator is presented. A gap coupling capacitance can be tuned by utilizing PZT cantilever which is used to raise one of the gap-electrodes metallization patterns. When employing in shunt microstrip resonator, its resonant frequency tuned from 40.08 GHz to 41.25 GHz with high loaded quality factor. The whole size of the device is 2 x 1 mm2.},
author = {Al-Ahmad, M and Rolland, N and Rolland, P -.},
booktitle = {2006 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference},
doi = {10.1109/APMC.2006.4429505},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Al-Ahmad2006.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2165-4727 VO -},
keywords = {Air gaps,Capacitors,Dielectric losses,Electrodes,Gold,Microelectromechanical devices,Microstrip resonators,PZT cantilever,Q-factor,Resonant frequency,Shunt (electrical),Tunable circuits and devices,Tuning,crystal resonators,frequency 40.08 GHz to 41.25 GHz,gap coupling capacitance,gap-electrodes metallization patterns,high loaded quality factor,microstrip resonators,piezoelectric material,piezoelectric-based tunable microstrip shunt reson,tunable devices and circuits,tuning,varactors},
pages = {653--656},
title = {{Piezoelectric-based tunable microstrip shunt resonator}},
year = {2006}
}
@book{Vasques2011,
author = {Rodrigues, C.M.A. Vasques  J. Dias},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Vasques2011.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9789400717022},
title = {{Vibration and Structural Acoustics Analysis}}
}
@phdthesis{Charnegie2007,
author = {Charnegie, David},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Charnegie2007.pdf:pdf},
title = {{FREQUENCY TUNING CONCEPTS FOR PIEZOELECTRIC CANTILEVER BEAMS}},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Niederberger2006,
abstract = {This paper describes the implementation of an autonomous switching resistorÃ¢ÂÂinductor (RÃ¢ÂÂL) shunt circuit for the control of structure vibration. The resulting switch shunt circuit, compared to present shunt circuit techniques, does not require a power for its operation and is almost as effective. Moreover, experiments show that the damping performance is robust against temperature variations due to environmental conditions, whereas present shunt circuits lose their damping performance. The proposed autonomous switching RÃ¢ÂÂL shunt circuit requires a small number of electronic components, therefore making it a viable and effective solution for the control of structural vibration.},
author = {Niederberger, Dominik and Morari, Manfred},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/15/2/016},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Niederberger2006.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {2},
pages = {359--364},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{An autonomous shunt circuit for vibration damping}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/2/016},
volume = {15},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Li2015,
abstract = {An approach of enhancing the multimodal electromechanical coupling effect is proposed to improve the multimodal vibration control of piezoelectric systems. Theoretical research shows that when the electrode on the piezoelectric patch bonded on a vibrating structure is separated into several pieces, voltage response (including amplitude and phase) of each piece is different from each other. If each electrode is appropriately connected to the shunted circuit by certain design, the electromechanical coupling factor of the whole system can be increased effectively. In addition, the Ã¢ÂÂcurrent flowing circuit' is introduced in the system to realize the multimodal vibration control. Experimental investigation has been carried out to validate the principle.},
author = {Li, Lin and Yin, Shunhua and Liu, Xue and Li, Jun},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2015.07.008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Li2015.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4158},
journal = {Mechatronics},
keywords = {Electromechanical coupling effect,Modal position coupling function,Multi-electrode piezoelectric patch,Multimodal vibration control},
pages = {205--214},
title = {{Enhanced electromechanical coupling of piezoelectric system for multimodal vibration}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957415815001233},
volume = {31},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Chen2013a,
abstract = {Periodic arrays of shunted piezoelectric patches are employed to control the wave propagation in a thin plate. The performance is characterized through the application of finite element method and Bloch theorem. This article proposes an effective approach to gain the dispersion properties of the periodically shunted plate in any directions from the solutions of transcendental eigenvalue problems. The results show that resistive shunts can tune the location and attenuation constants of the Bragg gap, while the internal resonances of resonant shunting system split the dispersion curves and form a locally resonant band gap. Moreover, the Bragg gap is directional, whose width varies enormously with directions. However, the locally resonant gap almost keeps the same in different directions, i.e., the gap is complete. Also, the influences of different shunting parameters to the band gaps are investigated in detail.},
author = {Chen, Shengbing and Wang, Gang and Wen, Jihong and Wen, Xisen},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.11.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chen et al. - 2013 - Wave propagation and attenuation in plates with periodic arrays of shunted piezo-patches.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {6},
pages = {1520--1532},
title = {{Wave propagation and attenuation in plates with periodic arrays of shunted piezo-patches}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X12008383},
volume = {332},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{Kurdila2005,
abstract = {This paper develops an averaging analysis for qualitative and quantitative study of switched piezostructural systems. The study of piezostructural systems including passive and active shunt circuits has been carried out for some time. Far less is known regarding analytical methods for the study of switched piezostructural systems. The technique developed in this paper is motivated by the success of averaging methods for the analysis of switched power supplies. In this paper it is shown that averaging analysis provides a means of determining time domain as well as frequency domain response characteristics of switched piezostructural systems that include switched capacitive shunt circuits. The time domain and frequency domain performance of a tunable piezoceramic vibration absorber is derived via averaging in this paper. The proposed switching architecture provides an essentially continuous range of tunable notch frequencies, in contrast to a finite and fixed collection of discrete notch frequencies available in some implementations of capacitively shunted piezostructures. The technique for analysis appears promising for the study of vibration damping and energy harvesting piezostructures whose underlying operating principle is similar.},
author = {Kurdila, A J and Lesieutre, G A and Zhang, X and Prazenica, C and Niezrecki, C},
booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
doi = {10.1117/12.605488},
pages = {5710--5760},
title = {{Averaging analysis of state-switched piezoelectric structural systems}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.605488},
volume = {5760},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Yang2009,
abstract = {Last decade has seen growing research interest in vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials. When developing piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, it is advantageous to establish certain analytical or numerical model to predict the system performance. In the last few years, researchers from mechanical engineering established distributed models for energy harvester but simplified the energy harvesting circuit in the analytical derivation. While, researchers from electrical engineering concerned the modeling of practical energy harvesting circuit but tended to simplify the structural and mechanical conditions. The challenges for accurate modeling of such electromechanical coupling systems remain when complicated mechanical conditions and practical energy harvesting circuit are considered in system design. In this article, the aforementioned problem is addressed by employing an equivalent circuit model, which bridges structural modeling and electrical simulation. First, the parameters in the equivalent circuit model are identified from theoretical analysis and finite element analysis for simple and complex structures, respectively. Subsequently, the equivalent circuit model considering multiple modes of the system is established and simulated in the SPICE software. Two validation examples are given to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, and one further example illustrates its capability of dealing with complicated structures and non-linear circuits.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X09351757},
author = {Yang, Yaowen and Tang, Lihua},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X09351757},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yang, Tang - 2009 - Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {oct},
number = {18},
pages = {2223--2235},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X09351757},
volume = {20},
year = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{Holdhusen2001,
abstract = {A state-switched device is conceptually capable of instantaneously changing its mass, stiffness, or damping. Such a device will exhibit different dynamical response properties (modes and resonance frequencies) depending on its current state. A state-switched vibration absorber exploits the state-switching concept for the purposes of enhanced vibration suppression. Between each state switch, it is fundamentally a passive vibration absorber, but one which exhibits a different tuning frequency for each possible state. A state-switched vibration absorber therefore has a greater effective bandwidth than a classical passive absorber. This paper considers the role of damping in the state-switching concept for a simple one-degree of freedom system and for a two-degree of freedom system. Certain values of damping in the system improve performance, while other values hinder the performance of the state-switched absorber, as compared to classical absorbers. The predicted performance of the system also depends upon the particular damping model used, such as proportional, viscous, or modal damping. Damping values also affect the frequency of switch events that occur during the response of the system. In general, a state-switched absorber with optimized damping is more effective at vibration suppression as compared to a classical vibration absorber with optimized damping.},
author = {Holdhusen, Mark and Cunefare, Kenneth and Larson, Gregg D},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holdhusen, Cunefare, Larson - 2001 - Role of damping in state-switched absorber for vibration control.pdf:pdf},
pages = {4311--4326},
title = {{Role of damping in state-switched absorber for vibration control}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.436477},
volume = {4326},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Ruzzene2011,
abstract = {Periodic shunted piezoelectric patches are employed for the design of a tunable, one-dimensional metamaterial. The configuration considered encompasses a beam undergoing longitudinal and transverse motion, and a periodic array of piezoelectric patches with electrodes connected to a resonant electric circuit. The resulting acousto-electrical system is characterized by an internal resonant behavior that occurs at the tuning frequency of the shunting circuits, and is analogous in its operation to other internally resonating systems previously proposed, with the addition of its simple tunability. The performance of the beam is characterized through the application of the transfer matrix approach, which evaluates the occurrence of bandgaps at the tuning frequencies and estimates wave attenuation within such bands. Moreover, a homogenization study is conducted to illustrate the internal resonant characteristics of the system within an analytical framework. Experiments performed on the considered beam structure validate the theoretical predictions and illustrate its internal resonant characteristics and the formation of the related bandgaps.},
author = {Ruzzene, L Airoldi and M},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ruzzene - 2011 - Design of tunable acoustic metamaterials through periodic arrays of resonant shunted piezos.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1367-2630},
journal = {New Journal of Physics},
number = {11},
pages = {113010},
title = {{Design of tunable acoustic metamaterials through periodic arrays of resonant shunted piezos}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/13/i=11/a=113010},
volume = {13},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ji2008,
abstract = {In this paper, an improved semi-active control method is proposed and applied to the vibration control of a composite beam. This method is an improved version of the previously developed SSDV (synchronized switch damping on voltage) approach. In SSDV, a voltage source is connected to the shunting branch, in series with the inductor, which can magnify the inverted voltage and hence improve the control performance. Optimization of the voltage source is an important issue in all SSDV techniques. In the proposed approach, called adaptive SSDV, the voltage coefficient that controls the damping effectiveness is adjusted adaptively. An improved switching algorithm, which prevents the switch from over-frequently switching on-and-off and accordingly improves the control performance, is also proposed. Compared with previous SSDV techniques, this adaptive SSDV is the most stable, is independent of the excitation level, and is more flexible because the voltage coefficient is adjusted adaptively to achieve optimal control performances. The adaptive SSDV has been applied to the vibration control of a composite beam and its control results were compared with those of previously developed SSDV techniques. The effectiveness of the new switching algorithm was also verified by comparing it with the conventional switch. An experimental setup of a semi-active control system for the cantilever composite beam was established, and control experiments were carried out using different SSDV methods.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X08095182},
author = {Ji, Hongli and Qiu, Jinhao and Badel, Adrien and Zhu, Kongjun},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X08095182},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ji et al. - 2008 - Semi-active Vibration Control of a Composite Beam using an Adaptive SSDV Approach.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {sep},
number = {4},
pages = {401--412},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Semi-active Vibration Control of a Composite Beam using an Adaptive SSDV Approach}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X08095182},
volume = {20},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Huang2013,
abstract = {The propagation of wave modes in elastic structures with shunted piezoelectric patches is dealt with in this work. The wave finite element approach, which is based on the finite element method and periodical structure theory, is firstly developed as a prediction tool for wave propagation characteristics in beam like structures, and subsequently extended to consider shunted piezoelectric elements through the diffusion matrix model (DMM). With these numerical techniques, reflection and transmission coefficients of propagating waves in structures with shunted piezoelectric patches can be calculated. The performance of shunted piezoelectric patches on the control of wave propagation is investigated numerically with the DMM. Forced response of the smart structure can also be calculated, and based on which the time response of the structure can be obtained via an inverse discrete fourier transform approach. These general formulations can be applied to all types of slender structures. All these numerical tools can facilitate design modifications and systematic investigations of geometric and electric parameters of smart structures with shunted piezoelectric elements.},
author = {Huang, T L and Ichchou, M N and Bareille, O A and Collet, M and Ouisse, M},
doi = {10.1007/s00466-013-0844-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Huang2013.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1432-0924},
journal = {Computational Mechanics},
number = {3},
pages = {721--739},
title = {{Multi-modal wave propagation in smart structures with shunted piezoelectric patches}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-013-0844-9},
volume = {52},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Cunefare2010,
abstract = {In this work, a periodic 4 ÃÂ 4 lay-out of resistive inductive ( RL ) shunted piezoelectric transducer (PZT) patches is designed and applied to achieve broadband vibration reduction of a flexible isotropic plate over tunable frequency bands. Each surface-bonded PZT patch is connected to a single independent RL circuit and all shunt circuits are tuned at the same frequency. A finite element-based design methodology is used to predict the attenuation properties of the unit cell that characterize the periodic assembly. The predictions are experimentally validated by measuring the spatial average harmonic response of the plate. Significant broadband attenuation is obtained over frequency bands centered at the resonance frequency of the shunting circuit.},
author = {Cunefare, F Casadei and M Ruzzene and L Dozio and K A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cunefare - 2010 - Broadband vibration control through periodic arrays of resonant shunts experimental investigation on plates(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {1},
pages = {15002},
title = {{Broadband vibration control through periodic arrays of resonant shunts: experimental investigation on plates}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0964-1726/19/i=1/a=015002},
volume = {19},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Guo2014,
abstract = {To realize multimode vibration control of a truss-cored sandwich panel, an independent modal resonant shunt control method is proposed in this paper. In this method, each piezoelectric stack transducer is connected to a single resonant shunt which is tuned to control the vibration of a single mode, and the location of the transducer is optimized to get a maximal electromechanical coupling with this mode. It is found that the optimal values of the resistance and inductance can not be determined by using a single-mode model of the structure, and thus a practical optimization method is employed to optimize the resonant shunt, which is verified with numerical simulation. The result shows that this method can add significant damping ratio to the controlled modes, and the resonant shunt circuits of different modes have no effect on each other. Finally the control effect of resonant shunt is compared with viscoelastic damper. It is indicated that the parameters of the resonant shunt can be tuned to get better effect.},
author = {Guo, K M and Jiang, J},
doi = {10.1007/s40435-013-0036-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Guo2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2195-2698},
journal = {International Journal of Dynamics and Control},
number = {3},
pages = {326--334},
title = {{Independent modal resonant shunt for multimode vibration control of a truss-cored sandwich panel}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-013-0036-7},
volume = {2},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Inman2001,
abstract = {Designed for a one- to two-semester introductory course in vibration for undergraduates in Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, and Mechanics, this book serves as both text and reference manual. This book contains topics normally found in an undergraduate vibrations text but also covers new topics in the areas of design, measurement, damping, and computational aspect. The goal of the book is the integration of traditional topics with a design emphasis, the introduction of modal analysis, and the use of computational software which includes MATLAB},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Inman, Daniel J},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-387000-1.01001-9},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
isbn = {013726142X},
issn = {0137 2614},
journal = {Vibration Fundamentals and Practice},
pages = {560},
pmid = {23138097},
title = {{Engineering Vibration}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com/research/engineering-vibration/},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Casadei2012,
abstract = {Periodic arrays of hybrid-shunted piezoelectric actuators are used to suppress vibrations of an aluminum plate over broad frequency bands. Commonly, piezoelectric-shunted networks are used for individual mode control, through tuned, resonant resistive/inductive circuits, and for broadband vibration attenuation, through negative impedance converters. Periodically placed resonant shunts allow for broadband reduction resulting from the attenuation of propagating waves in frequency bands which are defined by the spatial periodicity of the array and by the shunting parameters considered on the circuit. Such attenuation typically occurs at medium?high frequencies, while negative impedance converter networks are effective in reducing the vibration amplitudes of the lower modes of the structure. In this article, the combination of periodic resonant shunts and negative impedance converter networks on the same aluminum panel is studied to verify the possibility of combining the advantages of the two concepts. Both numerical and experimental investigations demonstrate that broadband attenuation is achieved in the mid?high frequency regimes due to the presence of resistive/inductive networks, while the combination with negative impedance converter circuits is responsible for amplitude reduction of the full frequency spectrum. Numerical simulations and frequency response measurements on a plate demonstrate that an attenuation region of about 1000 Hz is achieved with a maximum 8 dB vibration reduction.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X12443014},
author = {Casadei, Filippo and Beck, Benjamin S and Cunefare, Kenneth A and Ruzzene, Massimo},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X12443014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Casadei et al. - 2012 - Vibration control of plates through hybrid configurations of periodic piezoelectric shunts.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {may},
number = {10},
pages = {1169--1177},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Vibration control of plates through hybrid configurations of periodic piezoelectric shunts}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X12443014},
volume = {23},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Cheng2011,
abstract = {This paper presents a new synchronized switch circuit for piezoelectric semi-active vibration control. Recently, Synchronized Switching Damping (SSD) controllers have been used to switch piezoelectric materials in order to damp vibration. In contrary to standard active and passive piezoelectric damping, these switching shunt circuits allow a small implementation and require only little power and, moreover, they offer the advantage of self-adaptation with environmental variations and their broadband frequency efficiency. However, the control performance of previous SSD approaches relies on the electrical quality factor of the switch circuit. This paper presents a novel form of the SSD with a negative capacitance, which is to maintain the environmental adaptation and bypass the influence of the quality factor to the damping system. The expression of the vibration attenuation at the resonance frequency is derived, and the effectiveness of this new circuit design is demonstrated by comparing with SSDI and negative capacitance shunt passive control of a resonant cantilever composite beam with embedded piezoelectric patch. Theoretical predictions and experimental results show a remarkable attenuation on the vibration of cantilever beam, which excels the other two techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
annote = {Accession Number: 67478657; Cheng, Jun 1 Ji, Hongli 1 Qiu, Jinhao 1 Takagi, Toshiyuki 2; Affiliation: 1: State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, {\#}29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China 2: Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p291; Subject Term: SWITCHING circuits; Subject Term: SYNCHRONOUS circuits; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: CANTILEVERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: negative capacitance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectric materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: semi-active damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: synchronized switch damping (SSD); NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article},
author = {Cheng, Jun and Ji, Hongli and Qiu, Jinhao and Takagi, Toshiyuki},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cheng et al. - 2011 - Semi-active vibration suppression by a novel synchronized switch circuit with negative capacitance.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13835416},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics {\&} Mechanics},
keywords = {CANTILEVERS,CAPACITORS,DAMPING (Mechanics),PIEZOELECTRIC materials,Piezoelectric materials,SWITCHING circuits,SYNCHRONOUS circuits,negative capacitance,semi-active damping,synchronized switch damping (SSD)},
month = {dec},
number = {4},
pages = {291--308},
publisher = {IOS Press},
title = {{Semi-active vibration suppression by a novel synchronized switch circuit with negative capacitance.}},
url = {http://login.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true{\&}db=a9h{\&}AN=67478657{\&}site=eds-live{\&}scope=site},
volume = {37},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ducarne2012,
abstract = {Passive structural vibration reduction by means of shunted piezoelectric patches is addressed in this paper. We present a strategy to optimize, in terms of damping efficiency, the geometry of piezoelectric patches as well as their placement on the host elastic structure. This procedure is based on the maximization of the modal electro-mechanical coupling factor (MEMCF) of the mechanical vibration mode to which the shunt is tuned. To illustrate the method, a general analytical model of a laminated beam is proposed. Two particular configurations are investigated: (i) a beam with two collocated piezoelectric patches connected in series or in parallel to the shunt and (ii) a cantilever beam with one patch. After a modal expansion, original closed-form solutions of the MEMCF are exhibited, which enables to compute optimal values for the placement, length and thickness of the piezoelectric patches that maximize the MEMCF. A dimensionless model is used so that this study can be used to design any smart beam, whatever be its dimensions. More general results about the coupling mechanisms between the piezoelectric patches and the host structure are also raised. In particular, it is found that the patches thickness is an essential parameter and that several configurations are possible, depending on the considered vibration mode. Experiments are also proposed to validate the model.},
author = {Ducarne, J and Thomas, O and De{\"{u}}, J.-F.},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.03.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ducarne, Thomas, De{\"{u}} - 2012 - Placement and dimension optimization of shunted piezoelectric patches for vibration reduction.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {14},
pages = {3286--3303},
title = {{Placement and dimension optimization of shunted piezoelectric patches for vibration reduction}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X12001976},
volume = {331},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{Richard1999a,
abstract = {Passive damping using a piezoelectric device is a well-known technique. Both resistor and inductor loads connected to the piezoceramic are commonly used to attenuate a given resonance mode on a structure equipped with piezo dampers. The main drawback of this technique is its narrow band behavior and especially in the case of an inductor tuned passive piezo damper. The proposed technique is inherently wide band and does not rely on any tuned electric load. The piezoelectric device is simply continuously switched from open-circuit to short-circuit synchronously to the mechanical strain. It is called semi-passive because of the need of a sensor giving the strain of the piezo device. There is no need for external power supply unless for the low-level circuitry of the switch device. The damping efficiency appears to be twice what is obtained with pure resistive damping and is equivalent to what is achievable with a tuned inductor damper. It can work at any frequency without the need for large inductor especially for low frequency applications. A qualitative model gives an understanding of the damping mechanism.},
author = {Richard, Claude and Guyomar, Daniel and Audigier, David and Ching, Gil},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Richard et al. - 1999 - Semi-passive damping using continuous switching of a piezoelectric device.pdf:pdf},
pages = {3672--3678},
title = {{Semi-passive damping using continuous switching of a piezoelectric device}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349773},
volume = {3672},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Qiu2009,
abstract = {The piezoelectric materials, as the most widely used functional materials in smart structures, have many outstanding advantages for sensors and actuators, especially in vibration control, because of their excellent mechanical-electrical coupling characteristics and frequency response characteristics. Semi-active vibration control based on state switching and pulse switching has been receiving much attention over the past decade because of several advantages. Compared with standard passive piezoelectric damping, these new semi-passive techniques offer higher robustness. Compared with active damping systems, their implementation does not require any sophisticated signal processing systems or any bulky power amplifier. In this review article, the principles of the semi-active control methods based on switched shunt circuit, including state-switched method, synchronized switch damping techniques, and active control theorybased switching techniques, and their recent developments are introduced. Moreover, the future directions of research in semi-active control are also summarized.},
author = {Qiu, Jinhao and Ji, Hongli and Zhu, Kongjun},
doi = {10.1007/s11465-009-0068-z},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Qiu, Ji, Zhu - 2009 - Semi-active vibration control using piezoelectric actuators in smart structures.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1673-3592},
journal = {Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China},
number = {3},
pages = {242--251},
title = {{Semi-active vibration control using piezoelectric actuators in smart structures}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-009-0068-z},
volume = {4},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Chen2011,
abstract = {Periodic arrays of shunted piezoelectric patches are employed to control the propagation of elastic waves in phononic beams. Each piezo-patch is connected to a single resistance-inductance-capacitance shunting circuit. Therefore, the resonances of the shunting circuits will produce locally resonant gaps in the phononic beam. However, the existence of locally resonant gaps induced by resonant shunts has not been clearly proved by experiment so far. In this work, the locally resonant gap in a piezo-shunted phononic beam is investigated theoretically and verified by experiment. The results prove that resonances of shunting circuits can produce locally resonant gaps in phononic beams.},
author = {Chen, Sheng-Bing and Wen, Ji-Hong and Wang, Gang and Han, Xiao-Yun and Wen, Xi-Sen},
doi = {10.1088/0256-307x/28/9/094301},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Chen2011.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0256-307X},
journal = {Chinese Physics Letters},
number = {9},
pages = {94301},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Locally Resonant Gaps of Phononic Beams Induced by Periodic Arrays of Resonant Shunts}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/28/9/094301},
volume = {28},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Giorgio2015,
abstract = {This review paper intends to gather and organize a series of works which discuss the possibility of exploiting the mechanical properties of distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers. The concept can be described as follows: on every structural member one can uniformly distribute an array of piezoelectric transducers whose electric terminals are to be connected to a suitably optimized electric waveguide. If the aim of such a modification is identified to be the suppression of mechanical vibrations then the optimal electric waveguide is identified to be the 'electric analog' of the considered structural member. The obtained electromechanical systems were called PEM (PiezoElectroMechanical) structures. The authors especially focus on the role played by Lagrange methods in the design of these analog circuits and in the study of PEM structures and we suggest some possible research developments in the conception of new devices, in their study and in their technological application. Other potential uses of PEMs, such as Structural Health Monitoring and Energy Harvesting, are described as well. PEM structures can be regarded as a particular kind of smart materials, i.e. materials especially designed and engineered to show a specific and well-defined response to external excitations: for this reason, the authors try to find connection between PEM beams and plates and some micromorphic materials whose properties as carriers of waves have been studied recently. Finally, this paper aims to establish some links among some concepts which are used in different cultural groups, as smart structure, metamaterial and functional structural modifications, showing how appropriate would be to avoid the use of different names for similar concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
annote = {From Duplicate 2 (Piezo-electromechanical smart materials with distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers: Current and upcoming applications. - Giorgio, Ivan; Galantucci, Luca; Della Corte, Alessandro; Del Vescovo, Dionisio; Della, Alessandro; Del, Dionisio)

From Duplicate 2 (Piezo-electromechanical smart materials with distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers: Current and upcoming applications. - Giorgio, Ivan; Galantucci, Luca; Della Corte, Alessandro; Del Vescovo, Dionisio)

Accession Number: 116280472; Giorgio, Ivan 1,2; Email Address: ivan.giorgio@uniroma1.it Galantucci, Luca 2,3 Della Corte, Alessandro 1 Del Vescovo, Dionisio 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SAPIENZA Universit{\`{a}} di Roma, via Eudossiana, Rome, Italy 2: International Research Center for the Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems (MeMoCS), Palazzo Caetani, Cisterna di Latina, Italy 3: Department of Structural Engineering DIS, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p1051; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC transducers; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL effects; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: electric analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy harvesting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectric transducers; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibration and sound radiation control; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article},
author = {Giorgio, Ivan and Galantucci, Luca and {Della Corte}, Alessandro and {Del Vescovo}, Dionisio and Della, Alessandro and Del, Dionisio},
doi = {10.3233/JAE-140148},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Giorgio et al. - 2015 - Piezo-electromechanical smart materials with distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers Current and upcomi.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13835416},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics {\&} Mechanics},
keywords = {ELECTROMECHANICAL effects,PIEZOELECTRIC transducers,Piezoelectric transducers,SMART materials,STRUCTURAL health monitoring,VIBRATION (Mechanics),WAVEGUIDES,control,electric analog,energy,energy harvesting,piezoelectric transducers,structural health monitoring,vibration and sound radiation,vibration and sound radiation control},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {1051--1084},
publisher = {IOS Press},
title = {{Piezo-electromechanical smart materials with distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers: Current and upcoming applications.}},
url = {http://10.0.12.161/JAE-140148 http://login.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true{\&}db=a9h{\&}AN=116280472{\&}scope=site},
volume = {47},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Vignola2009,
abstract = {The frequency response of an oscillating structure can be tailored by attaching one or more subordinate oscillators. This paper shows how the magnitude and phase of the frequency response can be deliberately shaped by prescribing the distributions of the dynamic properties in an array of such subordinate oscillators. Exact analytic governing equations of motion are derived for the coupled system composed of the primary system and the subordinate array. For a relatively small number 100 of attached oscillators whose total mass is small 1{\%} relative to the primary structure, it is possible to engineer frequency-response functions of the primary oscillator to have, for example, nearly linear phase or constant amplitude over a frequency band of interest. The frequency range over which response shaping is achieved is determined by the band of the attached oscillators. It is shown that the common analytic methodology for designing a dynamic vibration absorber represents the limiting case of a single oscillator in the subordinate set. Moreover, increasing the number of subordinate oscillators without increasing the total added mass offers a number of advantages in reshaping the dominant system's frequency response. {\textcopyright}},
annote = {From Duplicate 2 (Shaping of a system's frequency response using an array of subordinate oscillators - Vignola, Joseph F; Judge, John A; Kurdila, Andrew J)

From Duplicate 2 (Shaping of a system's frequency response using an array of subordinate oscillators - Vignola, Joseph F; Judge, John A; Kurdila, Andrew J)

doi: 10.1121/1.3143783},
author = {Vignola, Joseph F and Judge, John A and Kurdila, Andrew J},
doi = {10.1121/1.3143783},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vignola, Judge, Kurdila - 2009 - Shaping of a system's frequency response using an array of subordinate oscillators.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0001-4966},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {129--139},
publisher = {Acoustical Society of America},
title = {{Shaping of a system's frequency response using an array of subordinate oscillators}},
url = {http://asa.scitation.org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/doi/pdf/10.1121/1.3143783 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3143783},
volume = {126},
year = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{Anderson2008,
abstract = {Vibration is becoming a more important element in design of telescope structures as these structures become larger and more compliant and include higher bandwidth actuation systems. This paper describes vibration damping methods available for current and future implementation and compares their effectiveness for a model of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), a structure that is actually stiffer than most large telescopes. Although facility and mount design, structural stiffening and occasionally vibration isolation have been adequate in telescopes built to date, vibration damping offers a mass-efficient means of reducing vibration response, whether the vibration results from external wind disturbances, telescope slewing, or other internal disturbances from translating or rotating components. The paper presents several damping techniques including constrained layer viscoelastics, viscous and magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices, passive and active piezoelectric dampers, tuned mass dampers (vibration absorbers) and active resonant dampers. Basic architectures and practical implementation considerations are discussed and expected performance is assessed using a finite element model of the LSST. With a goal of reducing settling time during the telescope's surveys, and considering practicalities of integration with the telescope structure, two damping methods were identified as most appropriate: passive tuned mass dampers and active electromagnetic resonant dampers.},
author = {Anderson, Eric H and Glaese, Roger M and Neill, Douglas},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anderson, Glaese, Neill - 2008 - A comparison of vibration damping methods for ground based telescopes.pdf:pdf},
pages = {70120H--7012--15},
title = {{A comparison of vibration damping methods for ground based telescopes}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790195},
volume = {7012},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lu2012,
abstract = {In this paper, we study the integration of piezoelectric transducers and electrical circuitry onto a mechanical host structure to form an electromechanical periodic system. This scheme enables us to take advantage of the unique wave propagation characteristics of spatially periodic systems and thus manipulate the energy flow/distribution in the host mechanical structure. Different from most previous investigations where spatial periodicity is typically due to the periodic discontinuities in the mechanical structure, in the proposed scheme the mechanical structure can remain to be continuous without being altered. Instead, the electrical circuitry consists of periodic branches which, when coupled to the mechanical structure through the piezoelectric transducers, yields repetitive subsystems in the electromechanical integrated system. The circuitry elements can be online tunable, effectively making the energy manipulation adaptive to excitation variations. A transfer matrix-based approach is adopted in the dynamic analysis of the integrated system, where each subsystem is represented by two state vectors with a transfer matrix relating them. Given the repetitive nature of the subsystems due to periodicity, analysis on the entire system is conducted by focusing on one single subsystem. Systematic analysis is carried out to demonstrate the characteristics of wave propagation and attenuation in terms of propagation constants as well as the mechanical and electrical responses. Effects of circuitry tuning are also discussed through detailed parametric studies. Implications and potential applications of the proposed scheme are illustrated.},
author = {Lu, Y and Tang, J},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.02.029},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Lu2012.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {14},
pages = {3371--3385},
title = {{Electromechanical tailoring of structure with periodic piezoelectric circuitry}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X12001769},
volume = {331},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Kitis1983,
abstract = {An efficient optimal design algorithm for minimizing the vibratory response of a multi-degree of freedom system under sinusoidal loading over several excitation frequencies is presented. The method is applicable to large scale dynamic systems because it incorporates an effective time-saving reanalysis approach to compute cost function and cost function derivatives. In particular, the efficiency of the method is demonstrated by applying it to the problem of designing two dynamic vibration absorbers simultaneously applied to an undamped cantilever beam.},
author = {Kitis, L. and Wang, B.P. P and Pilkey, W.D. D},
doi = {10.1016/0022-460X(83)90357-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kitis, Wang, Pilkey - 1983 - Vibration reduction over a frequency range.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {4},
pages = {559--569},
title = {{Vibration reduction over a frequency range}},
volume = {89},
year = {1983}
}
@article{Lossouarn2016,
abstract = {Multimodal damping can be achieved by coupling a mechanical structure to an electrical network exhibiting similar modal properties. Focusing on a plate, a new topology for such an electrical analogue is found from a finite difference approximation of the KirchhoffÃ¢ÂÂLove theory and the use of the direct electromechanical analogy. Discrete models based on element dynamic stiffness matrices are proposed to simulate square plate unit cells coupled to their electrical analogues through two-dimensional piezoelectric transducers. A setup made of a clamped plate covered with an array of piezoelectric patches is built in order to validate the control strategy and the numerical models. The analogous electrical network is implemented with passive components as inductors, transformers and the inherent capacitance of the piezoelectric patches. The effect of the piezoelectric coupling on the dynamics of the clamped plate is significant as it creates the equivalent of a multimodal tuned mass damping. An adequate tuning of the network then yields a broadband vibration reduction. In the end, the use of an analogous electrical network appears as an efficient solution for the multimodal control of a plate.},
author = {Lossouarn, B and De{\"{u}}, J-F and Aucejo, M and Cunefare, K A},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/25/11/115042},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Lossouarn2016.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {11},
pages = {115042},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Multimodal vibration damping of a plate by piezoelectric coupling to its analogous electrical network}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/11/115042},
volume = {25},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Tylikowski2001b,
abstract = {The purpose of this research is to analyse capacitively shunting distributed piezoelectric elements perfectly glued to the vibrating annular plate excited by harmonic displacement of the inner plate edge. The piezoelement is described by constitutive equations relating stresses and electric displacements with strains and electric field. The equations are coupled with the equations of plate motion by the surface strain terms. At joint circles between annular sections without and with the piezolayers the continuity of plate deflection, slope and curvature is considered. The free stress condition for the piezoelement constrains the strain value at inner and outer piezoelement edges. Results from numerical simulation show an influence of the external shunting capacity on the frequency and space dependent plate response.},
author = {Tylikowski, A},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8231(00)00055-0},
issn = {0263-8231},
journal = {Thin-Walled Structures},
keywords = {Axisymmetric vibrations,Capacitive shunting,Circular plates,Distributed approach,Piezoelectric actuators},
number = {1},
pages = {83--94},
title = {{Control of circular plate vibrations via piezoelectric actuators shunted with a capacitive circuit}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263823100000550},
volume = {39},
year = {2001}
}
@book{Yu1996,
address = {New York, NY},
author = {Yu, Yi-Yuan},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4612-2338-2},
isbn = {978-1-4612-7509-1},
publisher = {Springer New York},
title = {{Vibrations of Elastic Plates}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-2338-2},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Deu2012,
abstract = {This work addresses passive reduction of structural vibration by means of shunted piezoelectric patches. The two classical resistive and resonant shunt solutions are considered. The main goal of this paper is to give closed-form solutions to systematically estimate the damping performances of the shunts, in the two cases of free and forced vibrations, whatever the elastic host structure is. Then it is carefully demonstrated that the performance of the shunt, in terms of vibration reduction, depends on only one free parameter: the so-called modal electromechanical coupling factor (MEMCF) of the mechanical vibration mode to which the shunts are tuned. Experiments are proposed and an excellent agreement with the model is obtained, thus validating it.},
author = {De{\"{u}}, O Thomas and J Ducarne and J-F},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/De{\"{u}} - 2012 - Performance of piezoelectric shunts for vibration reduction.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {1},
pages = {15008},
title = {{Performance of piezoelectric shunts for vibration reduction}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0964-1726/21/i=1/a=015008},
volume = {21},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Cardella2016,
abstract = {In this work, we propose and test a strategy for tunable, broadband wave attenuation in electromechanical waveguides with shunted piezoelectric inclusions. Our strategy is built upon the vast pre-existing literature on vibration attenuation and bandgap generation in structures featuring periodic arrays of piezo patches, but distinguishes itself for several key features. First, we demystify the idea that periodicity is a requirement for wave attenuation and bandgap formation. We further embrace the idea of Ã¢ÂÂorganized disorder' by tuning the circuits as to resonate at distinct neighboring frequencies. In doing so, we create a tunable Ã¢ÂÂrainbow trap' (Tsakmakidis et al 2007 Nature 450 397Ã¢ÂÂ401) capable of attenuating waves with broadband characteristics, by distilling (sequentially) seven frequencies from a traveling wavepacket. Finally, we devote considerable attention to the implications in terms of packet distortion of the spectral manipulation introduced by shunting. This work is also meant to serve as a didactic tool for those approaching the field of shunted piezoelectrics, and attempts to provide a different perspective, with abundant details, on how to successfully design an experimental setup involving resistive-inductive shunts.},
author = {Cardella, Davide and Celli, Paolo and Gonella, Stefano},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/085017},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Cardella2016.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {8},
pages = {85017},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Manipulating waves by distilling frequencies: a tunable shunt-enabled rainbow trap}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/085017},
volume = {25},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Lossouarn2017,
abstract = {The resonant piezoelectric shunt requires specific inductance and resistance values in order to reach an optimum in terms of vibration reduction. Yet, practical limits appear in the low frequency range: the required inductance and the corresponding quality factor are often too high to be satisfied with standard passive components. In this paper, inductors are designed with closed magnetic cores made of high permeability materials. Those components are successively integrated into a piezoelectric shunt dedicated to vibration control of a cantilever beam. It is shown that custom designs can definitely extend the application of passive resonant shunt strategies to lower frequency.},
author = {Lossouarn, B and Aucejo, M and De{\"{u}}, J.-F. and Multon, B},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2017.03.030},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Lossouarn2017.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0924-4247},
journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},
keywords = {Inductor design,Magnetic cores,Passive damping,Piezoelectricity,Resonant shunt},
pages = {68--76},
title = {{Design of inductors with high inductance values for resonant piezoelectric damping}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424716309785},
volume = {259},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Jiang2017,
abstract = {A folding beam-type piezoelectric phononic crystal model is proposed to isolate vibration. Two piezoelectric bimorphs are joined by two masses as a folding structure to comprise each unit cell of the piezoelectric phononic crystal. Each bimorph is connected independently by a resistive-inductive resonant shunting circuit. The folding structure extends the propagation path of elastic waves, while its structure size remains quite small. Propagation of coupled extension-flexural elastic waves is studied by the classical laminated beam theory and transfer matrix method. The theoretical model is further verified with the finite element method (FEM). The effects of geometrical and circuit parameters on the band gaps are analyzed. With only 4 unit cells, the folding beam-type piezoelectric phononic crystal generates two Bragg band gaps of 369Hz to 1 687Hz and 2 127Hz to 4 000Hz. In addition, between these two Bragg band gaps, a locally resonant band gap is induced by resonant shunting circuits. Appropriate circuit parameters are used to join these two Bragg band gaps by the locally resonant band gap. Thus, a low-frequency and broad band gap of 369Hz to 4 000Hz is obtained.},
author = {Jiang, Shan and Dai, Longxiang and Chen, Hao and Hu, Hongping and Jiang, Wei and Chen, Xuedong},
doi = {10.1007/s10483-017-2171-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Jiang2017.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1573-2754},
journal = {Applied Mathematics and Mechanics},
number = {3},
pages = {411--422},
title = {{Folding beam-type piezoelectric phononic crystal with low-frequency and broad band gap}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-017-2171-7},
volume = {38},
year = {2017}
}
@book{Tiersten1969,
address = {Boston, MA},
author = {Tiersten, H. F.},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4899-6453-3},
isbn = {978-1-4899-6221-8},
keywords = {Storage and Harvesting,Systems},
mendeley-tags = {Storage and Harvesting,Systems},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Linear Piezoelectric Plate Vibrations}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4899-6453-3},
year = {1969}
}
@article{Vignola2013,
author = {Vignola, Joseph and Glean, Aldo and Judge, John and Ryan, Teresa},
doi = {10.1121/1.4812777},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vignola et al. - 2013 - Optimal apparent damping as a function of the bandwidth of an array of vibration absorbers.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
pages = {1067--1070},
title = {{Optimal Apparent Damping as a Function of the Bandwidth of an Array of Vibration Absorbers}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4812777},
volume = {134},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{Morgan2000,
abstract = {It has been shown that piezoelectric materials can be used as electromechanical vibration absorbers when they are shunted by an electrical network. Semi-active piezoelectric absorbers have also been proposed for the purpose of suppressing harmonic excitations with varying frequencies. These semi- active devices can be constructed using a variable inductance or variable capacitance element in the shunt circuit, however both of these implementations have several limitations that restrict their practical use. The design presented here is a high performance alternative to semi-active absorbers that uses a combination of a passive RL circuit and an adaptive feedback law to suppress harmonic excitations with varying frequency. The adaptive tuning is accomplished by simulating a variable inductor using feedback. An equation for the optimal tuning of the piezoelectric absorber on a general MDOF structure is derived. Next, it is illustrated that the performance and robustness of the piezoelectric absorber can be increased by using additional active actions to reduce the circuit resistance and enhance the coupling of the piezoelectric. Two methods for increasing the effective coupling of the absorber are examined -- a negative capacitance shunt and active coupling feedback. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated experimentally.},
author = {Morgan, Ronald A and Wang, Kon-Well and Tang, Jiong},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morgan, Wang, Tang - 2000 - Active tuning and coupling enhancement of piezoelectric vibration absorbers for variable-frequency harmonic.pdf:pdf},
pages = {3912--3985},
title = {{Active tuning and coupling enhancement of piezoelectric vibration absorbers for variable-frequency harmonic excitations in multiple-degrees-of-freedom mechanical systems}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.388852},
volume = {3985},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Fleming2000,
abstract = {Piezoelectric transducer (PZT) patches may be attached to structures to reduce vibration. The PZT patches essentially convert vibrational mechanical energy to electrical energy. The electrical energy can be dissipated via an electrical impedance. The authors introduce a method of implementing any arbitrary impedance, using a digital signal processor. The "synthetic impedance" is demonstrated on a resonant simply supported beam.},
author = {Fleming, A J and Behrens, S and Moheimani, S O R},
doi = {10.1049/el:20001083},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Fleming2000.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0013-5194 VO - 36},
journal = {Electronics Letters},
keywords = {DSP-based active circuit configuration,PZT,PZT patches,PbZrO3TiO3,digital signal processor,electric impedance,electrical impedance,piezoelectric shunt-damping circuits,piezoelectric transducer patches,synthetic impedance,vibration damping,vibration reduction,vibrational mechanical energy conversion},
number = {18},
pages = {1525--1526},
title = {{Synthetic impedance for implementation of piezoelectric shunt-damping circuits}},
volume = {36},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Casadei2014,
abstract = {This paper presents an analytical and numerical study on the dispersion properties of an EulerÃ¢ÂÂBernoulli beam immersed in a steady fluid flow with periodic arrays of airfoil-shaped vibration absorbers attached to it. The resonance characteristics of the airfoils generate strong attenuation of flexural waves in the beam occurring at frequencies defined by the properties of the airfoils and the speed of the incident fluid. Analytical and numerical tools are developed to investigate the effects of the incident flow on the dispersion properties and the bandgaps of the system. Both steady and unsteady aerodynamic models are used to model the lift force and the pitching moment acting on the resonators and their effect on the dispersion relations of the system is evaluated. Finally, an effective medium description of the beam is developed to capture its behavior at long-wavelengths. In this regime, the system can be effectively considered as an acoustic metamaterial with adaptive dispersion properties.},
author = {Casadei, Filippo and Bertoldi, Katia},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2014.07.008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Casadei2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {24},
pages = {6532--6547},
title = {{Wave propagation in beams with periodic arrays of airfoil-shaped resonating units}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X14005823},
volume = {333},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Kong2010,
abstract = {A two-stage power conditioning circuit consisting of an AC-DC converter followed by a DC-DC converter is proposed for a vibration-based energy harvesting system. The power conditioning circuit intends to maximize the amount of power extracted from a piezoelectric energy harvester by matching the source impedance with the circuit by adaptively adjusting the duty cycle. An equivalent electrical circuit representation derived from a distributed-parameter piezoelectric energy harvester model is adapted to enable the impedance matching method proposed here. For a given piezoelectric energy harvester, there is a theoretical maximum power output that is determined by the mechanical damping, base acceleration, and the effective mass of the harvester structure under base excitation. Experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed resistive impedance matching circuit around the first resonance frequency of a cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X09357971},
author = {Kong, Na and Ha, Dong Sam and Erturk, Alper and Inman, Daniel J},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X09357971},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kong et al. - 2010 - Resistive Impedance Matching Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {jan},
number = {13},
pages = {1293--1302},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Resistive Impedance Matching Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X09357971},
volume = {21},
year = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{Kim2010,
abstract = {This paper derives an analytical framework based on hybrid and switched system theory for the representation of some semi-actively shunted piezoelectric systems. In the case in which the gate driving frequency is a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) signal, it is possible to obtain an approximation of the dynamic response of the shunted system by averaging the governing hybrid system equations. In contrast to some recent discretely switched (capacitive) shunted piezostructures, the semi-actively shunted piezostructure can be modulated continuously over the Ã¢ÂÂadaptive bandwidthÃ¢ÂÂ by varying the duty cycle of the drive PWM signal. The adaptive bandwidth of the semi-actively shunted piezoelectric system is qualitatively similar to that of a corresponding discretely switched (capacitive) shunted piezostructure. The theoretical considerations in the paper are validated and verified via experiments.},
address = {New York, NY},
author = {Kim, Woon K and Kurdila, Andrew J and Butrym, Brad A},
booktitle = {Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4419-9716-6_9},
editor = {Proulx, Tom},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kim, Kurdila, Butrym - Unknown - Analysis of Switching Systems using Averaging Methods for Piezostructures.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4419-9716-6},
pages = {85--101},
publisher = {Springer New York},
title = {{Analysis of Switching Systems using Averaging Methods for Piezostructures}},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Lian2016,
abstract = {Sodium extrusion (JoutNa) was measured across the gills of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, adapted to sea water (SW) using a gill-irrigation system of small volume. The potential difference (TEP) was also measured under similar conditions. JoutNa was usually between 100-250 {\{}micro{\}}eq (100 g)-1 h-1, about an order of magnitude faster than in fresh water (FW)-adapted trout, but slower than has been reported for any other marine teleost. The TEP was between 10-11 mV, body fluids positive to SW. When the external medium was changed from SW to FW JoutNa was reduced to about 25 {\%} of the initial value, and the TEP was reduced by 40-50 mV (i.e. body fluids negative by 30-40 mV). Addition of either Na+ or K+ in SW concentrations reversed the changes; JoutNa increased and the gill repolarized. The electrical behavior and sodium efflux in irrigated trout gill is qualitatively the same as has been reported for unanaesthetized, free-swimming fish of other species. Thus, the irrigated gill provides an adequate model for studying the mechanism of sodium extrusion in marine teleosts.},
author = {Lian, Ziyang and Jiang, Shan and Hu, Hongping and Dai, Longxiang and Chen, Xuedong and Jiang, Wei},
doi = {10.1155/2016/4015363},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Lian2016.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10709622},
journal = {Shock and Vibration},
title = {{An Enhanced Plane Wave Expansion Method to Solve Piezoelectric Phononic Crystal with Resonant Shunting Circuits}},
volume = {2016},
year = {2016}
}
@incollection{Ji2010,
abstract = {Vibrations are a part of our environment and daily life. Many of them are useful and are needed for many purposes, one of the best example being the hearing system. Nevertheless, vibrations are often undesirable and have to be suppressed or reduced, as they may be harmful to structures by generating damages or compromise the comfort of users through noise generation of mechanical wave transmission to the body. the purpose of this book is to present basic and advanced methods for efficiently controlling the vibrations and limiting their effects. Open-access publishing is an extraordinary opportunity for a wide dissemination of high quality research. This book is not an exception to this, and I am proud to introduce the works performed by experts from all over the world. BT - Vibration Control},
address = {Rijeka},
author = {Ji, Hongli},
doi = {10.5772/10146},
editor = {Qiu, Jinhao},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ji - 2010 - Semi-Active Vibration Control Based on Switched Piezoelectric Transducers.pdf:pdf},
pages = {Ch. 10},
publisher = {IntechOpen},
title = {{Semi-Active Vibration Control Based on Switched Piezoelectric Transducers}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5772/10146},
year = {2010}
}
@book{Karnopp2012,
abstract = {The prelims comprise: * Half Title * Title * Copyright * Contents * Preface},
author = {Karnopp, Dean C and Margolis, Donald L and Rosenberg, Ronald C},
booktitle = {System Dynamics},
doi = {10.1002/9781118152812.fmatter},
isbn = {9781118152812},
title = {{System Dynamics: Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Mechatronic Systems}},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Casadei2010,
abstract = {This work presents numerical and experimental investigations of the application of a periodic array of resistiveÃ¢ÂÂinductive (RL) shunted piezoelectric patches for the attenuation of broadband noise radiated by a flexible plate in an enclosed cavity. A 4ÃÂ4 lay-out of piezoelectric patches is bonded to the surface of a rectangular plate fully clamped to the top face of a rectangular cavity. Each piezo-patch is shunted through a single RL circuit, and all shunting circuits are tuned at the same frequency. The response of the resulting periodic structure is characterized by frequency bandgaps where vibrations and associated noise are strongly attenuated. The location and extent of induced bandgaps are predicted by the application of Bloch theorem on a unit cell of the periodic assembly, and they are controlled by proper selection of the shunting circuit impedance. A coupled piezo-structural-acoustic finite element model is developed to evaluate the noise reduction performance. Strong attenuation of multiple panel-controlled modes is observed over broad frequency bands. The proposed concept is tested on an aluminum plate mounted in a wooden box and driven by a shaker. Experimental results are presented in terms of pressure responses recorded using a grid of microphones placed inside the acoustic box.},
author = {Casadei, Filippo and Dozio, Lorenzo and Ruzzene, Massimo and Cunefare, Kenneth A},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.04.003},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Casadei et al. - 2010 - Periodic shunted arrays for the control of noise radiation in an enclosure.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Casadei et al. - 2010 - Periodic shunted arrays for the control of noise radiation in an enclosure(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {18},
pages = {3632--3646},
title = {{Periodic shunted arrays for the control of noise radiation in an enclosure}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X10002415},
volume = {329},
year = {2010}
}
@article{DAVIS2000,
abstract = {A tunable solid-state piezoelectric vibration absorber and an active tuning method were developed and demonstrated. A passive vibration absorber generally acts to minimize structural vibration at a specific frequency associated with either a tonal disturbance or a lightly damped structural vibration mode. Because this frequency is rarely stationary in real applications, damping is usually added to ensure some level of effectiveness over a range of frequencies. Maximum response reductions, however, are achieved only if the absorber is lightly damped and accurately tuned to the frequency of concern. Thus, an actively tuned vibration absorber should perform better than a passive one and, furthermore, could be made lighter. In its simplest form, a vibration absorber consists of a springÃ¢ÂÂmass combination. A key feature of the tunable vibration absorber described herein is the use of piezoelectric ceramic elements as part of the device stiffness. The effective stiffnesses of these elements were adjusted electrically, using a passive capacitive shunt circuit, to tune the resonance frequency of the device. The tuning range of the absorber is thus bounded by its short- and open-circuit resonance frequencies. An alternative tuning approach might employ resistive shunting, but this would introduce undesirable damping. Another feature of the device is the ability to use the piezoelectric elements as sensors. A control scheme was developed to estimate the desired tuning frequency from the sensor signals, to determine the appropriate shunt capacitance, and then to provide it. The shunt circuit itself was implemented in 10 discrete steps over the tuning range, using a relay-driven parallel capacitor ladder circuit. Experimental results showed a 20 dB maximum, and a 10 dB average improvement in vibration reduction across the tuning range, as compared to a pure passive absorber tuned to the center frequency, with additional benefit extending beyond the tuning range.},
author = {Davis, Christopher L and Lesieutre, George A},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2755},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Davis, Lesieutre - 2000 - An Actively Tuned Solid-State Vibration Absorber Using Capacitive Shunting of Piezoelectric Stiffness.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {3},
pages = {601--617},
title = {{An Actively Tuned Solid-State Vibration Absorber Using Capacitive Shunting of Piezoelectric Stiffness}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X99927554},
volume = {232},
year = {2000}
}
@inproceedings{ParuchuriIEEE2017,
author = {Paruchuri, Sai Tej and Sterling, John and Kurdila, Andrew and Vignola, Joseph},
booktitle = {2017 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)},
doi = {10.1109/CCTA.2017.8062544},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Paruchuri et al. - 2017 - Piezoelectric composite subordinate oscillator arrays and frequency response shaping for passive vibration att.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-5090-2182-6},
month = {aug},
pages = {702--707},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Piezoelectric composite subordinate oscillator arrays and frequency response shaping for passive vibration attenuation}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8062544/},
year = {2017}
}
@article{PereiradaSilva2014,
abstract = {Passive structural vibration reduction by means of shunted piezoelectric patches is addressed in this article. The concept of topology optimization, based on the solid isotropic material with penalization method, is employed in this work to optimize, in terms of damping efficiency, the geometry of piezoelectric patches, as well as their placement on the host elastic structure. The proposed optimization procedure consists of distributing the piezoelectric material in such a way as to maximize the modal electromechanical coupling factor of the mechanical vibration mode to which the shunt is tuned. An original finite element formulation, suitable to any elastic structures with surface-mounted piezoelectric patches, is proposed to solve the electromechanical problem. Numerical examples validate and demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach for the design of piezoelectric shunt devices.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X14538533},
author = {{Pereira da Silva}, Luciano and Larbi, Walid and De{\"{u}}, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X14538533},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/PereiradaSilva2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {jun},
number = {10},
pages = {1219--1235},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Topology optimization of shunted piezoelectric elements for structural vibration reduction}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X14538533},
volume = {26},
year = {2014}
}
@misc{Yan2017,
abstract = {Smart materials and structures have attracted a significant amount of attention for their vibration control potential in engineering applications. Compared to the traditional active technique, shunt damping utilizes an external circuit across the terminals of smart structure based transducers to realize vibration control. Transducers can simultaneously serve as an actuator and a sensor. Such unique advantage offers a great potential for designing sensorless devices to be used in structural vibration control and reduction engineering. The present literature combines piezoelectric shunt damping (PSD) and electromagnetic shunt damping (EMSD), establishes a unified governing equation of PSD and EMSD, and reports the unique vibration control performance of these shunts. The schematic of shunt circuits is given and demonstrated, and some common control principles and equations of these shunts are summarized. Finally, challenges and perspective of the shunt damping technology are discussed, and suggestions made based on the knowledge and experience of the authors.},
author = {Yan, Bo and Wang, Ke and Hu, Zifan and Wu, Chuanyu and Zhang, Xinong},
booktitle = {Applied Sciences},
doi = {10.3390/app7050494},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yan et al. - 2017 - Shunt Damping Vibration Control Technology A Review.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2076-3417},
keywords = {electromagnetic,piezoelectric,shunt,shunt damping,vibration control},
number = {5},
title = {{Shunt Damping Vibration Control Technology: A Review}},
volume = {7},
year = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{Granier2001,
abstract = {The use of piezoelectric materials in conjunction with passive inductance-resistance-capacitance (RLC) circuits to dampen specific vibration modes is explored. The piezoelectric materials convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, which is then dissipated in the RLC circuit through joule heating. An impulse is applied to a simple cantilevered beam and by varying the inductance and resistance values, the natural oscillation frequency fcir the RLC circuit is tuned to dampen the first mode of vibration.},
address = {United States},
author = {Granier, J J (John J.) and Haundhausen, R J (R. Jason) and Gaytan, G E (Gabriel E.)},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Granier2001.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {42 ENGINEERING,BYPASSES,DAMPING,INDUCTANCE,JOULE HEATING,OSCILLATION MODES,OSCILLATIONS,PIEZOELECTRICITY},
language = {English},
title = {{Passive modal damping with piezoelectric shunts}},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/975785},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Zuo2005,
abstract = {The characteristics of multiple tuned-mass-dampers (MTMDs) attached to a single-degree-of-freedom primary system have been examined by many researchers. Several papers have included some parameter optimization, all based on restrictive assumptions. In this paper, we propose an efficient numerical algorithm to directly optimize the stiffness and damping of each of the tuned-mass dampers (TMDs) in such a system. We formulate the parameter optimization as a decentralized H2 control problem where the block-diagonal feedback gain matrix is composed of the stiffness and damping coefficients of the TMDs. The gradient of the root-mean-square response with respect to the design parameters is evaluated explicitly, and the optimization can be carried out efficiently. The effects of the mass distribution, number of dampers, total mass ratio, and uncertainties in system parameters are studied. Numerical results indicate that the optimal, designs have neither uniformly spaced tuning frequencies nor identical damping coefficients, and that optimization of the individual parameters in the MTMD system yields a substantial improvement in performance. We also find that the distribution of mass among the TMDs has little impact on the performance of the system provided that the stiffness and damping can be individually optimized. Copyright {\textcopyright}2005 by ASME.},
author = {Zuo, Lei and Nayfeh, Samir A.},
doi = {10.1115/1.1855929},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zuo, Nayfeh - 2005 - Optimization of the Individual Stiffness and Damping Parameters in Multiple-Tuned-Mass-Damper Systems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {07393717},
journal = {Journal of Vibration and Acoustics},
number = {1},
pages = {77},
pmid = {496},
title = {{Optimization of the Individual Stiffness and Damping Parameters in Multiple-Tuned-Mass-Damper Systems}},
url = {http://vibrationacoustics.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1470725},
volume = {127},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Wang2017,
abstract = {Instead of analog electronic circuits and components, digital controllers that are capable of active multi-resonant piezoelectric shunting are applied to elastic metamaterials integrated with piezoelectric patches. Thanks to recently introduced digital control techniques, shunting strategies are possible now with transfer functions that can hardly be realized with analog circuits. As an example, the Ã¢ÂÂpole-zero' method is developed to design single- or multi-resonant bandgaps by adjusting poles and zeros in the transfer function of piezoelectric shunting directly. Large simultaneous attenuations in up to three frequency bands at deep subwavelength scale (with normalized frequency as low as 0.077) are achieved. The underlying physical mechanism is attributable to the negative group velocity of the flexural wave within bandgaps. As digital controllers can be readily adapted via wireless broadcasting, the bandgaps can be tuned easily unlike the electric components in analog shunting circuits, which must be tuned one by one manually. The theoretical results are verified experimentally with the measured vibration transmission properties, where large insulations of up to 20 dB in low-frequency ranges are observed.},
author = {Wang, Gang and Cheng, Jianqing and Chen, Jingwei and He, Yunze},
doi = {10.1088/1361-665x/aa53ea},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Joseph Vignola/Wang2017.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0964-1726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {2},
pages = {25031},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Multi-resonant piezoelectric shunting induced by digital controllers for subwavelength elastic wave attenuation in smart metamaterial}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa53ea},
volume = {26},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Akay2005,
abstract = {This paper presents experiments that demonstrate the concept of energy sinks, which when attached to a vibrating structure can absorb most of its energy. Energy sinks consist of a set of undamped linear oscillators and, in principle, do not require presence of damping in the classical sense. The set of undamped oscillators that make up an energy sink collectively absorb the vibratory energy and retain it in their phase space. Earlier optimization studies by the authors have shown the feasibility of vibration absorption and energy retention by energy sinks if the set of oscillators have a particular frequency distribution. Experimental results presented in this paper support the concept of energy sinks. Different physical realizations of energy sinks demonstrate the significance of frequency distributions and the ability of energy sinks to reduce vibration amplitude of a primary structure to which they are attached.},
author = {Akay, Adnan and Xu, Zhaoshun and Carcaterra, Antonio and Koc, I. Murat},
doi = {10.1121/1.2046767},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Akay et al. - 2005 - Experiments on Vibration Absorption using Energy Sinks.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00014966},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
number = {5},
pages = {3043},
title = {{Experiments on Vibration Absorption using Energy Sinks}},
volume = {118},
year = {2005}
}
@book{Kurdila2016,
author = {Kurdila, Andrew J and Tarazaga, Pablo},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kurdila, Tarazaga - 2018 - Vibrations of Linear Piezostructures (In press).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781119393405},
publisher = {John Wiley {\&} Sons, Inc.},
title = {{Vibrations of Linear Piezostructures (In press)}},
year = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{Holdhusen2004,
abstract = {A state-switched absorber (SSA) is a device that is capable of switching between discrete stiffnesses, thus it is able to instantaneously switch between resonance frequencies. The state-switched absorber is essentially a passive vibration absorber between switch events; however, at each switch event the SSA instantly 'retunes' its natural frequency and maintains that frequency until the next switch event. The SSA has shown improved performance over classical tuned vibration absorbers at reducing the vibration in a base system. This paper considers the optimization of the state-switched absorber applied to a continuous vibrating system. The objective function to be minimized in the state-switching system is the average kinetic energy of the base to which the absorber is attached. Due to the discrete nature of the switch events of the SSA, this objective function is discontinuous as a function of tuning parameters, such as frequency and attachment location. Because of the discontinuities in the objective function, classical gradient-based optimization techniques cannot be employed. To avoid the problem of discontinuities in the objective function, a heuristic approach will be utilized to optimize the state-switched absorber. The optimized performance of the state-switched absorber will be compared to that of an optimized classical tuned vibration absorber. For the entire range of forcing frequencies considered, an SSA has improved performance over a TVA.},
author = {Holdhusen, Mark H and Cunefare, Kenneth A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holdhusen, Cunefare - 2004 - Optimization of a state-switched absorber applied to a continuous vibrating system.pdf:pdf},
pages = {5310--5386},
title = {{Optimization of a state-switched absorber applied to a continuous vibrating system}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.539876},
volume = {5386},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Hagood1990,
abstract = {The paper models the effects of dynamic coupling between a structure and an electrical network through the piezoelectric effect. The coupled equations of motion of an arbitrary elastic structure with piezoelectric elements and passive electronics are derived. State space models are developed for three important cases: direct voltage driven electrodes, direct charge driven electrodes, and an indirect drive case where the piezoelec tric electrodes are connected to an arbitrary electrical circuit with embedded voltage and current sources. The equations are applied to the case of a cantilevered beam with surface mounted piezoceramics and indirect voltage and current drive. The theoretical derivations are validated experimentally on an actively controlled cantilevered beam test article with indirect voltage drive.},
annote = {doi: 10.1177/1045389X9000100305},
author = {Hagood, Nesbitt W and Chung, Walter H and {Von Flotow}, Andreas},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X9000100305},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Hagood1990.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {jul},
number = {3},
pages = {327--354},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Modelling of Piezoelectric Actuator Dynamics for Active Structural Control}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X9000100305},
volume = {1},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Strasberg1996,
author = {Strasberg, M and Feit, D},
doi = {10.1121/1.414545},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Strasberg, Feit - 1995 - Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
number = {1},
pages = {335--344},
title = {{Vibration damping of large structures induced by attached small resonant structures}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1121/1.414545},
volume = {99},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Maidanik2001,
author = {Maidanik, G.},
doi = {10.1006/jsvi.2000.3262},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maidanik - 2001 - Induced Damping By a Nearly Continuous Distribution of Nearly Undamped Oscillators Linear Analysis.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022460X},
journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
number = {4},
pages = {717--731},
title = {{Induced Damping By a Nearly Continuous Distribution of Nearly Undamped Oscillators: Linear Analysis}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022460X00932620},
volume = {240},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Chen2013b,
abstract = {Periodic arrays of resonant shunted piezoelectric patches are employed to control the wave propagation in a two-dimensional (2D) acoustic metamaterial. The performance is characterized by the finite element method. More importantly, we propose an approach to solving the conventional issue of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem, and give a convenient solution to the dispersion properties of 2D metamaterials with periodic arrays of resonant shunts in this article. Based on this modeling method, the dispersion relations of a 2D metamaterial with periodic arrays of resonant shunted piezos are calculated. The results show that the internal resonances of the shunting system split the dispersion curves, thereby forming a locally resonant band gap. However, unlike the conventional locally resonant gap, the vibrations in this locally resonant gap are unable to be completely localized in oscillators consisting of shunting inductors and piezo-patches.},
author = {Chen, Sheng-Bing and Wen, Ji-Hong and Wang, Gang and Wen, Xi-Sen},
doi = {10.1088/1674-1056/22/7/074301},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Chen2013b.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1674-1056},
journal = {Chinese Physics B},
number = {7},
pages = {74301},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Tunable band gaps in acoustic metamaterials with periodic arrays of resonant shunted piezos}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/22/7/074301},
volume = {22},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Sluka2008,
abstract = {The design and realization of an adaptive sound-shielding system based on a method to control the effective elastic stiffness of piezoelectric materials are presented in this paper. In this system, the sound-shielding effect is achieved by a sound reflection from the piezoelectric curved membrane fixed in rigid frame and connected to an active analog circuit that behaves as a negative capacitor. The acoustic transmission loss through the curved membrane was measured for the incident sound of frequency 1.6 kHz and of acoustic pressure level 80 dB. When the negative capacitor in the system was properly adjusted, the acoustic pressure level of the transmitted sound was reduced from the initial 60 dB to 15 dB by the action of the negative capacitor. Then the system was exposed to naturally changing operational conditions, and their effect on sound-shielding efficiency was studied. It is shown that the acoustic transmission loss of the system dropped by 35 dB within 30 min from the moment of negative capacitor adjustment. Therefore, a self-adjustment of the system has been implemented by appending an additional digital control circuit to the negative capacitor. It is shown that the aforementioned deteriorating effect has been eliminated by the adjusting action of the control circuit. The long-time sustainable value of 60 dB in the acoustic transmission loss of the adaptive sound shielding system has been achieved.},
author = {Sluka, T and Kodama, H and Fukada, E and Mory, P},
doi = {10.1109/TUFFC.2008.869},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sluka et al. - 2008 - Sound shielding by a piezoelectric membrane and a negative capacitor with feedback control.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0885-3010 VO - 55},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control},
keywords = {Acoustics,Adaptive control,Adaptive systems,Biomembranes,Capacitors,Circuits,Control systems,Electric Capacitance,Energy Transfer,Equipment Design,Equipment Failure Analysis,Feedback,Feedback control,Piezoelectric materials,Programmable control,Propagation losses,Radiation Protection,acoustic intensity,acoustic pressure level,acoustic transmission loss,acoustic wave absorption,acoustic wave reflection,acoustic wave transmission,adaptive sound shielding system,effective elastic stiffness,elasticity,feedback control,frequency 1.6 kHz,negative capacitor,piezoelectric curved membrane,piezoelectric materials,piezoelectric membrane,shielding,sound reflection},
number = {8},
pages = {1859--1866},
title = {{Sound shielding by a piezoelectric membrane and a negative capacitor with feedback control}},
volume = {55},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Cunefare2000,
abstract = {A system that has the capability to make instantaneous changes in its mass, stiffness, or damping may be termed a state-switchable dynamical system. Such a system will display different dynamical responses dependent upon its current state. For example, state-switchable stiffness may be practically obtained through the control of the termination impedance of piezoelectric stiffness elements. If such a switchable stiffness element is incorporated as part of the spring element of a vibration absorber, the change in stiffness causes a change in the resonance frequencies of the system, thereby instantaneously ?retuning? the state-switched absorber to a new frequency. This paper briefly develops the fundamental analysis tools for a Single-Degree-of-Freedom state-switchable device, and then considers the application of such a device for the purpose of vibration control in a 2-DOF system. Simulation results indicate that state-switched vibration absorbers may be advantageous over classical passive tuned vibration absorbers under certain conditions.},
annote = {doi: 10.1106/U0K2-70FU-DR0W-MWU3},
author = {Cunefare, Kenneth A and de Rosa, Sergio and Sadegh, Nader and Larson, Gregg},
doi = {10.1106/U0K2-70FU-DR0W-MWU3},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Cunefare2000.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {300--310},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{State-Switched Absorber for Semi-Active Structural Control}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1106/U0K2-70FU-DR0W-MWU3},
volume = {11},
year = {2000}
}
@inproceedings{Morgan2001,
abstract = {It has been shown that piezoelectric materials can be used as passive electromechanical vibration absorbers by shunting them with electrical networks. Semi-active piezoelectric absorbers have also been proposed for suppressing harmonic excitations with varying frequency. However, these semi- active devices have limitations that restrict their applications. In a previous study, the authors have developed a high performance active-passive alternative to the semi-active absorber that uses a combination of passive electrical circuit and active control actions. The active control consists of three parts: an adaptive inductor tuning action, a negative resistance action, and a coupling enhancement action. This new device has been shown, both analytically and experimentally, to be very effective for the suppression of harmonic disturbances with time-varying frequency. In the present paper, the adaptive active-passive piezoelectric absorber configuration is modified so that it can track and suppress multiple harmonic excitations. The effectiveness of this new multi-frequency absorber design is demonstrated by comparing its performance and control power requirement to a start-of-the-art adaptive feedforward control law.},
author = {Morgan, Ronald A and Wang, Kon-Well},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morgan, Wang - 2001 - Multifrequency piezoelectric vibration absorber for variable frequency harmonic excitations.pdf:pdf},
pages = {4311--4331},
title = {{Multifrequency piezoelectric vibration absorber for variable frequency harmonic excitations}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.432697},
volume = {4331},
year = {2001}
}
@inproceedings{ParuchuriASME2017,
abstract = {It has been shown theoretically that by prescribing the mass and stiffness distributions of a subordinate oscillator array (SOA) that is attached to a host structure, significant vibration attenuation of a host can be obtained over a finite frequency range. This case stands in stark contrast to classical vibration isolator designs for two degree of freedom systems that achieve exact vibration cancellation at a single isolated frequency. Despite the attractiveness of SOAs for the design of broader band vibration suppression, the theoretically desired result can deteriorate rapidly due to small fabrication imperfections in the SOA. This paper introduces and compares variational thermodynamic formulations of composite piezoelectric SOA that are designed to be adjustable in real-time to ameliorate the effects of disorder due to fabrication in a SOA.},
annote = {10.1115/DETC2017-68056},
author = {Paruchuri, Sai Tej and Kurdila, Andrew J and Sterling, John and Vignola, Amelia and Judge, John and Vignola, Joe and Ryan, Teresa},
booktitle = {ASME. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Volume 8: 29th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise ():V008T12A068.},
doi = {10.1115/DETC2017-68056.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Usersf/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Paruchuri et al. - 2017 - Thermodynamic Variational Formulations of Subordinate Oscillator Arrays (SOA) With Linear Piezoelectrics.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Thermodynamic Variational Formulations of Subordinate Oscillator Arrays (SOA) With Linear Piezoelectrics}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/DETC2017-68056},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Tylikowski2000,
abstract = {Abstract In the paper the idea of passive vibration absorbers with variable stiffness or damping properties is extended by developing a tunable distributed piezoelectric vibration absorber of transverse vibrations of a circular plate. The problem of steady-state vibration transmission through an aluminum plate placed in a duct is analysed. The frequency and space characteristics of transverse displacement and velocity in the plate for the open and short external circuits are presented.},
annote = {doi: 10.1002/zamm.20000801424},
author = {Tylikowski, A},
doi = {10.1002/zamm.20000801424},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/Google Drive/Research/PhD Research/Literature Review/PSOA/Papers/Completed/Tylikowski2000.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0044-2267},
journal = {ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik},
month = {jan},
number = {S2},
pages = {305--306},
publisher = {John Wiley {\&} Sons, Ltd},
title = {{Distributed Piezoelectric Vibration Absorbers}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.20000801424},
volume = {80},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Clark2000,
abstract = {In this paper, a semi-active control law is used to switch the electrical shunt circuit of a piezoelectric actuator for energy dissipation in a simple mechanical system. Switching is carried out between open-circuit (high stiffness) and short- or resistive-circuit (low stiffness) states. The actuator is held in its high stiffness state when the system is moving such that energy can be stored in the actuator. When the system?s motion would cause it to receive energy back from the actuator, the actuator is switched to a low stiffness state, dissipating the energy. In this paper, the concept is developed starting with the governing piezoelectric equations. Numerical simulation results are presented which show that the technique provides energy dissipation that is comparable to other piezoelectric shunt mechanisms, using optimal shunt resistance in each case. Finally, a brief analysis is presented in which the piezoelectric element is used in a flexible beam element to illustrate the effects of a parallel structural stiffness on such a switching method.},
annote = {From Duplicate 2 (Vibration Control with State-Switched Piezoelectric Materials - Clark, William W)

doi: 10.1106/18CE-77K4-DYMG-RKBB},
author = {Clark, William W.},
doi = {10.1106/18CE-77K4-DYMG-RKBB},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clark - 2000 - Vibration Control with State-Switched Piezoelectric Materials.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/saite/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clark - 2000 - Vibration Control with State-Switched Piezoelectric Materials(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1045389X},
issn = {1045-389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {263--271},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
title = {{Vibration Control with State-Switched Piezoelectric Materials}},
url = {http://jim.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1106/18CE-77K4-DYMG-RKBB https://doi.org/10.1106/18CE-77K4-DYMG-RKBB},
volume = {11},
year = {2000}
}

@book{kurdila_2008,
	address = {Virginia},
	title = {Vibration of {Linear} {Piezostructures}},
	shorttitle = {Vibration of {Linear} {Piezostructures}},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	author = {Kurdila, A and Tarazaga, P},
	year = {2018}
}