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A Novel Opportunity for Science and Scientists

How Scientists Can become Super Inventors

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  • Pradeep Deshpande University of Louisville
  • Gautam Gupta Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville
  • Mahendra Sunkara Professor of Chemical Engineering, Director, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University Scholar, University of Louisville https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-5261
  • James Kowall Independent Researcher, Eugene, Oregon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31224/3196

Keywords:

Creativity, Innovation, Shruti, domain of reason, emotional excellence, meditation

Abstract

Discoveries come about in one of two ways. In one, an enquirer discovers something which amounts to connecting the dots in the ocean of existing knowledge, domain of reason. We call them Type I discoveries. In the other, the discovery made cannot come about on the basis of the then existing knowledge. We have coined the name, Type II discoveries for such discoveries. Since ancient times, Type II discoveries have been aptly called, “Shruti”, meaning, revealed in Sanskrit.

Type I discoveries can occur when the focus of attention is enhanced, as in deep contemplation, while Type II discoveries can occur when the focus of attention is further enhanced, as in a deeply meditative state, or in devotional prayer, transcending reason.

The article cites references to several ancient and not so ancient Type I and Type II discoveries, and also presents several discoveries that have come to the first author during contemplation/meditation, explaining how they can contribute to transforming education, companies and societies.

The ideas presented in the article offer a novel opportunity to scientists to become super inventors, but they also present a challenge to science as science does not permit transgressions beyond reason.

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Author Biographies

Pradeep Deshpande, University of Louisville

Pradeep B. Deshpande is Professor Emeritus in and former Chairman of the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Louisville. He is also president of Six Sigma and Advanced Controls based in Louisville, Kentucky. He is an author of eight books and over one hundred fifty articles in reputed journals that include Proc. Royal Society–UK, Chemical Eng. Progress, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des Dev, Chem. Eng. Science, among several others He is a recipient of several international awards and is a Fellow of ISA.

Gautam Gupta, Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville

Gautam Gupta is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Louisville. He is currently an associate editor for Emergent Materials and has published more than 100 articles in leading journals including Science, Nature, Nature Materials, Nature Communications and others. His research areas are in the field of sustainability and renewable energy.

Mahendra Sunkara, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Director, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University Scholar, University of Louisville

Mahendra K. Sunkara is Professor of Chemical Engineering, University Scholar and Director, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville. He has published over 100 articles in refereed journals and proceedings, four book chapters and was awarded ten U.S. patents along with several additional U.S. patent applications pending. He co-authored a book entitled "Inorganic Nanowires: Applications, Properties and Characterization" published by CRC Press.

James Kowall, Independent Researcher, Eugene, Oregon

James P. Kowall is an independent researcher based in suburban Eugene, Oregon. Jim obtained his MD from the University of Miami and a PhD in Theoretical Physics from Brown University. Dr. Kowall is a triple board certified physician (Neurology, Internal Medicine, and Sleep Disorder Medicine). He retired from private medical practice about a decade ago to spend time researching on the nature of ultimate reality. He succeeded in 2014.

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Posted

2023-08-27

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Copyright (c) 2023 Pradeep Deshpande, Gautam Gupta, Mahendra Sunkara, James Kowall

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.