Improvement of the Transient Stability of the Grid through the Power Angle Control Strategy of Virtual Synchronous Machine: A Novel Approach to Improve the Transient Stability

Abstract

Renewable energies such as wind turbines and solar photovoltaics have gained significance as a result of global environmental pollution and energy crises. These sources of energy are converted into electrical energy and delivered to end-users through the utility system. As a result of the widespread use of power electronics-based grid interfacing technologies to accommodate renewable sources of energy, the prevalence of converters has expanded as well. Due to this, the power system's rotating inertia is decreasing, endangering the transient stability of the grid. The use of Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) technology has been purposed to mitigate the grid stability problem due to low rotating inertia. The grid-connected inverter used in VSM can be controlled to emulate inertia, which replicates the external features of a synchronous generator. As a result, the rotating inertia is increased to support the power system's stability. A power angle control strategy is developed and the model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software to analyze the effects of parameter disturbances on the active power and frequency for a VSM. The system consists of synchronous generator, which has been modeled in such a way that the frequency drops is beyond the acceptable range during transient condition due to lack of inertia when VSM is not used. Then, the suggested model incorporating VSM, emulates rotating inertia, injecting a controllable amount of energy into the grid during frequency transients to enhance transient stability.