Resilient Operations in Space with Digital Twin Integration for Solar PV and Energy Storage

Abstract

Space missions would not be possible without an available, reliable, autonomous, and resilient power system. Space-based power systems are different than Earth’s grid in terms of generation sources, needs, structure, and controllability. This research paper introduces a groundbreaking approach employing digital twin technology to emulate and enhance the performance of a physical nanogrid plant representing such a space-based power system. The proposed system encompasses three DC converters, a DC source, and a modular battery storage unit feeding a variable load. Rigorous testing across diverse operating points establishes the digital twin’s high-fidelity real-time representation, with root mean square error (RMSE) values consistently below 5%. The principal innovation lies in leveraging this digital twin to fortify system resilience against unforeseen events, beyond the capabilities of existing controllers and autonomy levels. By simulating scenarios that the current system may not be primed for, the digital twin provides operators with the tools to proactively respond to disruptions. Importantly, the approach offers an invaluable tool for scenarios where physical access to components is limited. This research introduces a modular battery storage solution as a key augmentation, capable of seamlessly compensating for power shortages at the source end that might arise from the dust effect on the Lunar surface or unexpected faults in the system. The proposed holistic approach not only validates the fidelity of the digital twin but also underscores its potential to revolutionize system operation, safeguard against uncertainties, and expedite response strategies in the face of unexpected contingencies. The proposed approach also paves the way for future development.