Lightweight non-load bearning blocks using expanded polystyrene beads

Abstract

Lightweight blocks can reduce time and cost of masonry wall construction. Several investigations are being carried out to produce lightweight cement blocks. Some of them are autoclaved aerated concrete, use of lightweight aggregates, use of fly ash, etc. In general, partition cement blocks are non-structural elements that do not carry any load. In this research project, an attempt was made to utilize polymers, specifically Expanded Polystyrene, in the place of aggregates in concrete to manufacture non-load bearing blocks. Replacing aggregates with Expanded Polystyrene can make the blocks lightweight. The blocks are required to bear a minimum of 1.2 N/mm² and have a density that is less than 1000 kg/m³, so that it can be easy to handle. The water absorption should also be less than 12%. These blocks would then be tested for density, compression and water absorption to ensure that they reached the requirements of a non-load bearing masonry unit. Solid blocks of dimensions 390 mm × 100 mm × 190 mm were produced, using modified mix designs, by considering previous research studies. Tests carried out on the developed blocks were compared with control samples obtained from certified cement block manufacturers. The results showed that the blocks containing the suitable EPS mix had a 28-day compressive strength of 3.7 N/mm², dry density of 940 kg/m³ and a water absorption of 0.7%. These values satisfy the requirements of minimum compressive strength, density and water absorption. The study shows that non-load bearing lightweight blocks has potential to replace traditional blocks.