The Role of Urban Surface Runoff in Water Resource Managment

A Case Study from Tehran and Northern Iran

Abstract

Urban surface runoff is a growing concern in modern cities, especially in regions like Iran where seasonal rainfall can cause severe water flow over impervious surfaces. This essay explores the role of urban runoff in water resource management by combining academic research with personal observations from Tehran and northern Iran. The uncontrolled flow of stormwater not only leads to flooding and pollution but also strains existing infrastructure. Drawing from both local experiences and global studies, the essay highlights the importance of sustainable drainage systems and green infrastructure such as permeable pavements and rain gardens. Furthermore, it discusses how environmental engineers can play a key role in planning better urban water systems. Case studies and research by Fletcher et al. (2008) and Martínez et al. (2018) provide scientific support for the ideas discussed. The conclusion stresses the need for local governments to adopt smarter and eco-friendly runoff solutions. This essay reflects a civil engineering background with a clear interest in environmental applications.