A Standardized BIM Workflow for Multi-Disciplinary Coordination in the Design of a Hospital Building

A Protocol for Sequential Information Exchange and Rule-Based Clash Resolution

Abstract

The design and construction of modern hospital buildings are characterized by inherent complexity, largely due to the intricate integration of architectural, structural, and Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) systems. Traditional, siloed design methodologies frequently lead to late-stage conflicts and discrepancies, resulting in costly delays and change orders during the construction phase. This paper addresses these challenges by presenting a structured, two-stream Building Information Modeling (BIM) workflow designed for integrated, multi-disciplinary coordination. The workflow delineates a sequential information exchange protocol and a systematic, rule-based clash detection process, with a central emphasis on the critical role of a BIM manager in model federation and conflict resolution through a defined priority matrix. The application of this protocol to a G+1 hospital building project successfully demonstrated its practical effectiveness. The key qualitative outcomes included enhanced collaboration among design teams, proactive resolution of system interferences in a virtual environment, and the establishment of clear accountability for conflict resolution. This workflow offers a replicable framework and a proof-of-concept for achieving a fully coordinated and clash-free design model prior to construction, thereby setting a valuable benchmark for future complex healthcare infrastructure projects.