A Risk-Based Quality Architecture for Lunar Production Systems

Abstract

As lunar exploration shifts from short-term missions to sustained surface operations, the demand for reliable, risk-based quality systems becomes critical. This study introduces a unified architectural model that extends Mission Assurance principles into the manufacturing domain, forming the foundation of the Unified Lunar Quality Framework (ULQF). The framework integrates NASA’s mission assurance standards with terrestrial quality management systems such as ISO 9001, ISO 13485, and AS9100. Through layered governance, risk analysis, and feedback loops, it provides a closed-cycle approach linking hazard identification, FMEA, and design controls with verification and continual improvement. The paper outlines an architecture that connects process controls, evidence verification, and design re-assessment, ensuring that production on the lunar surface meets mission-level reliability and safety objectives. The result is a scalable quality model suitable for additive manufacturing, in-situ resource utilization, and regolith-based fabrication, establishing a risk-driven pathway toward sustainable lunar industry operations.