Sustainable Cooling in Hot Climates Through Solar Absorption Systems in Libya

Abstract

The rising global demand for cooling in hot and arid regions poses critical challenges for energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic development. Libya, with its abundant solar resources yet heavy dependence on conventional electricity-driven air conditioning, represents an ideal setting to investigate renewable-based solutions. This study evaluates the feasibility and performance of a solar-assisted absorption cooling system designed for the climatic conditions of three major Libyan cities: Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misrata. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted to assess system performance under varying operational and environmental parameters. Results highlight that the parabolic trough collector is the major source of exergy destruction, accounting for nearly 80% of irreversibility, while components such as the generator and solution heat exchanger demonstrate higher efficiencies. Seasonal variations in direct normal irradiance (DNI) and cooling load were analyzed, showing peak cooling demand and maximum solar potential during summer months, particularly in Benghazi. The system achieved a stable coefficient of performance (COP) of around 0.75–0.8 and exergy efficiency of approximately 0.35 across operating conditions, with the cooling load exceeding 10 kW during peak summer. The findings confirm that solar-assisted absorption cooling systems can provide a sustainable and reliable alternative to conventional air conditioning in Libya, with performance varying by location due to climatic differences.