Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of Proposed Grid-Connected Floating PV + Battery Supported Hybrid Energy System for Bursa Golyazi

Abstract

In this study, the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of a hybrid energy  system consisting of a grid-connected Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) and Lithium-Ion  Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) proposed for the Gölyazı (Apolyont) settlement,  which is located in the Nilüfer district of Bursa and has historical and ecological  importance, has been investigated in detail. Within the scope of the study, the balance  between energy generation potential and conservation was analyzed considering the  provisions of the "Regulation on Procedures and Principles Regarding the Use and  Leasing of Water Surfaces for the Establishment of Floating Solar Power Plants" which  entered into force on December 10, 2025 in Turkey, and the Ramsar site status of Lake  Uluabat. In the simulations performed using HOMER Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model for  Electric Renewable) software, an architecture containing 188 kW installed power  photovoltaic panels, 100 kWh capacity Li-Ion battery group, and 150 kW system converter  was optimized. As a result of the analyses, the Net Present Cost (NPC) of the system was  calculated as $876,913.20 and the Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) as $0.1252/kWh. It has  been supported by theoretical and simulation data that Floating PV systems provide  efficiency increase compared to land systems with the cooling effect of water, reduce  evaporation, and limit algae formation. The obtained results show that the increasing  energy demand (peak loads) during the tourism season can be "shaved" with battery  support, reducing grid costs, and the system can pay back the investment cost within  approximately 7-9 years.