Comparative Multi-Objective Assessment of Shared and Standalone Rooftop PV-Battery Systems for Energy Autonomy and Infrastructure Efficiency

Abstract

Energy autonomy and energy security are becoming increasingly critical in modern urban energy systems. In this context, photovoltaic (PV)-battery systems offer a promising pathway to increase renewable energy utilization and reduce dependence on centralized electricity networks. This study presents a comparative multi-objective optimization framework for evaluating standalone- and shared PV-battery systems for residential energy applications. The optimization simultaneously considers PV reliance, panel area, battery storage, lifetime cost, payback period, and carbon emission mitigation under varying objective-weight combinations. The results demonstrate that shared integration substantially improves infrastructure utilization and economic feasibility compared to standalone household systems optimized independently. Across all weight combinations, the shared system reduced per-household panel area requirements by 61 ± 42 % and 81 ± 12 %, while simultaneously decreasing lifetime cost and payback period by 64 ± 38 % and 22 ± 12 %, respectively. Although the shared system exhibited lower PV reliance and carbon mitigation potential, the significant reductions in infrastructure and economic burdens highlight the advantages of shared energy and storage at the community level. Overall, the findings reinforce the importance of cooperative renewable-energy systems in improving energy accessibility, affordability, and long-term energy equity.