Gamma radiation background rate values in the West Sector of the Recinto Universitario Rubén Darío of UNAN-Managua, Nicaragua

Abstract

Radiation is present in outer space—resulting from solar activity and high-energy astronomical events—as well as within the Earth's crust and on its surface due to radioactive materials; this radiation filters through the Earth's layers and reaches the surface via geological faults, generating natural environmental gamma background radiation. This radiation level varies based on latitude, solar activity, energetic space events, and geological characteristics. This research involved mapping the ambient gamma background equivalent dose rate in the western sector of the Rubén Darío University Campus (RURD) at UNAN-Managua. The process engaged physics students specializing in medical physics, thereby strengthening their research capabilities—a key pillar of the comprehensive education aligned with the university's educational model. In-situ measurements were taken at 213 points, spaced approximately 10 meters apart, during October and November 2024. After recording a peak value of 1.37 μSv/h, the team evaluated solar activity corresponding to the time and date of the measurement but found no evidence of a correlation; instead, an increase in values ​​was observed near the confirmed Zogaib fault, suggesting a possible contribution from geological factors. This study establishes a baseline for understanding ambient dose rates in Managua, providing useful information for authorities regarding risk management.