Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

Abstract

Bone, the main constituent of the skeletal system is a hard tissue that results from the impregnation of a soft organic matrix (35%) (collagen fibers and non-collagenous proteins) by calcium and phosphorous, mainly in form of hydroxyapatite, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), as well as carbonate, citrate, magnesium, fluoride, and strontium (65%) [1]. As calcium deposits, bone serves a critical function acting as a reservoir from which the mineral, vital to many physiologic processes, can readily be obtained. The most remarkable characteristic of bone is its ability to perceive changes in mechanical demands bestowed upon its components and realize the required structural transformation to adapt to new conditions. By way of this complex process of modeling and remodeling, bone cannot only grow stronger and harder but can also modify its form.